Changing Role Of Women Research Articles

Women's economic empowerment is a need-based program

The presented research paper focuses on the women of rural community, what is the contribution of technological progress in the lives of women. In the research paper, an attempt has been made to know the changing role of women in the society. How does the use of electrical appliances affect the overall economy of the family? How aware are women about the use of these devices? In the 20th century, women are moving forward on the path of progress in every field. Women are contributing to the economic progress of the country. She is discharging her responsibilities well at home and work. At the same time, they are providing financial support to the men of the house, as a result, women are moving towards empowerment, women-oriented modern technologies are also playing an important role in women empowerment. With their use, women take help in household work and save their time and labor to do employment related work. All the above facts will be examined to see what positive and negative effects the use of technology is having on women’s health.

Gendering the Muslim Brotherhood: the social network of the Muslim Sisters in twentieth-century Egypt

This article sheds light on the activity and thinking of women belonging to the Muslim Sisters Section within the Muslim Brothers movement (MB) in twentieth-century Egypt. While the MB has received extensive research attention, the Sisters have remained understudied and marginalized. By examining texts authored by the Sisters themselves, including memoirs and biographies, alongside texts written by MB leaders, this article seeks to fill this research lacuna and present a novel perspective on the MB. This unique corpus offers direct insights into the social network, thoughts, actions, and changing roles of women within the MB. Gender is a central analytical category, exploring power dynamics between men and women within the movement. Considering agency and resistance as diagnostic of power, the article traces the fluctuations in Sisters’ agency in response to social and political changes both within and outside the movement.

Gender Equality for Whom? The Changing College Education Gradients of the Division of Paid Work and Housework Among US Couples, 1968-2019.

In response to women's changing roles in labor markets, couples have adopted varied strategies to reconcile career and family needs. Yet, most studies on the gendered division of labor focus almost exclusively on changes either in work or family domain. Doing so neglects the process through which couples negotiate and contest traditional work and family responsibilities. Studies that do examine these tradeoffs have highlighted how work-family strategies range far beyond simple traditional-egalitarian dichotomies but are limited to specific points in time or population subgroups. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and latent-class analysis, this article provides the first population-based estimates of the couple-level tradeoffs inherent in work-family strategies in the United States, documents trends in the share of couples who fall into each of these strategies, and considers social stratification by gender and college education in these trends. Specifically, I identify seven distinct work-family strategies (traditional, neotraditional, her-second-shift, egalitarian, his-second-shift, female-breadwinner, and neither-full-time couples). Egalitarian couples experienced the fastest increase in prevalence among college-educated couples, whereas couples that lacked two full-time earners increased among less-educated couples. Still, about a quarter of all couples adopted "her-second-shift" strategies, with no variation across time, making it the modal work-family strategy among dual-earner couples. The long-run, couple-level results support the view that the gender revolution has stalled and suggest that this stall may be caused partly by strong traditional gender preferences, whereas structural resources appear to facilitate gender equality among a selected few.

Redefining gender roles: women in South Asia's Jihadist Movements

ABSTRACT South Asia has witnessed a surge in jihadist activity, with Al-Qaeda (AQ) and the Islamic State (IS) making significant inroads into the region. Their presence has reshaped terrorism dynamics, notably by involving women in jihadism. AQ and IS have leveraged social media to attract both male and female recruits, with a particular focus on the latter. Through a thematic network analysis of online magazines like Azan, Resurgence, Dabiq, Rumiyah, Inspire, and Al Balagh, this article explores the evolving roles that AQ and IS offer to women. It argues that the emphasis on individual obligation of jihad through online propaganda has not only increased women's participation in jihad, but has also redefined their roles in South Asian jihadism. The changing roles of women in jihadism in South Asia encompass a range of activities, including suicide bombers, propagandists, planners, plotters, recruiters, matchmakers, facilitators, and fundraisers. Notably, IS offers a wider array of dynamic roles for women compared to its competitor, AQ. This article highlights the shift in the roles of women in South Asian jihadism due to the online propaganda efforts of AQ and IS, which have expanded the opportunities for women to participate in various capacities within these extremist groups.

Factors impacting fertility anxiety among Chinese young women with marital status differences

BackgroundChina's societal and cultural significance placed on female fertility and the changing roles of women can lead to fertility anxiety in both married and unmarried women. This anxiety is shaped by factors such as social media use, intergroup emotions, fertility risk perceptions, and national policies. This study examines the interplay of these factors in understanding fertility anxiety among Chinese women. MethodsThis study surveyed 607 young Chinese women using the Fertility Anxiety Scale developed by Zhang and Zhao. Mplus software was used for latent class analysis of respondents' fertility anxiety. A three-step approach with multinomial logistic regression was used to explore factors influencing fertility anxiety among married and unmarried women. ResultsThe latent class analysis supported a two-category model: “high fertility anxiety” (65.70 % married, 53.70 % unmarried) and “low fertility anxiety” (34.30 % married, 46.30 % unmarried). Multinomial logistic regression showed that increased social media usage intensity and perception of health-family risks correlated with higher fertility anxiety in both married and unmarried women. Among unmarried women, intergroup emotions and perceptions of occupational-economic risks also influenced fertility anxiety. Attention to national policies did not significantly impact fertility anxiety among young women. ConclusionThis study sheds light on the complex interplay of societal and individual factors in shaping fertility anxiety among young Chinese women. It underscores the enduring cultural significance placed on female fertility and the evolving roles of women in modern China. Regardless of their marital status, both married and unmarried women experience fertility anxiety, highlighting the pervasiveness of this concern.

Cyber Indoctrination Victims in Indonesia and Uzbekistan: Victim Protection and Indoctrination in Practice

Terrorism has become a global phenomenon, affecting not only those hurt or killed by acts of terrorism but also involving women as significant contributors to indoctrination worldwide, including in Indonesia and Uzbekistan. This research aims to explain the evolving roles of women in terrorism in Indonesia and Uzbekistan and how terrorists use cyber indoctrination to target women in these countries. The research was conducted in Indonesia and Uzbekistan using the classical-normative dogmatic juridical method with a library-based approach. Cyber indoctrination has proven highly effective in persuading women to join and take initiative in acts of terror. Women who become involved in terrorism due to exposure to pseudo-religious ideologies through cyber indoctrination have human rights and should be legally protected as victims of cyber indoctrination by terror groups. This article contributes to the recognition of women's rights as victims of cyber indoctrination and sheds light on the changing role of women in terrorism. It aims to raise awareness among society, governments, law enforcement agencies, and religious leaders about the strategies of pseudo-religious cyber indoctrination employed by terrorists. It encourages them to take preventive and repressive actions to combat terrorism and safeguard women from its allure.

The impact of Fallon Sherrock and the increasing prominence of women within professional darts events: a call for future research

ABSTRACT Rationale/Purpose This positioning paper is a call to action for future research regarding the roles of women in the male-dominated sport of professional darts. Women have been present at darts events for over 80 years; however, the success of Englishwomen Fallon Sherrock and Lisa Ashton at the male-dominated Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events placed the sport into the global spotlight in the early 2020s. Sherrock’s successes in particular have been a catalyst, bringing increased exposure to women players competing in mixed draw professional darts tournaments against their male counterparts. Following a historical exploration of women in darts, the article explores the contrasting roles of women at contemporary live darts events. Practical implications Theoretically, the article draws on gender essentialism and Kane’s (1995) sports continuum to consider how the sport can challenge notions of men’s “natural” superiority. Research contribution We propose a number of areas for future research, including: the rise of women players in professional darts; women’s fandom at live professional darts events; the changing roles of women in media and broadcasting; critiques of meritocracy in the game; men’s responses to the increased visibility of women in this male-dominated arena; and strategies to strive for gender equity.

The changing role of Women in Food Microbiology: the case history of wine microbiologists in Italy.

The changing role of Women in Food Microbiology: the case history of wine microbiologists in Italy.

Driving sustainable and competitive transition in enterprise performance management and measurement: The changing role of women in the Japanese labour market

ABSTRACT. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between sustainable and competitive transition in enterprise performance management and measurement and the changing role of women in the Japanese labour market. The work correlates the proportion of female employees in leadership positions in relation to the sector type, firm age, profits and encouragement of women’s participation in the labour force over six significant periods. The study also examines correlations between the encouragement of women’s participation in the labour force and high productivity, improvement of work-life balance and higher integration of female staff in the workforce. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 152 Japanese companies as part of the research. Non-parametric tests and exploratory data analysis were used for evaluation. The linear-by-linear test was applied to ordinal categories to determine the trend between the proportion of female employees in leadership positions and the encouragement of women’s participation in the labour force. The results indicate that partial changes have occurred as far as women in the Japanese labour market are concerned and confirm that working women are faced with persistent obstacles in terms of higher integration of female staff in the workforce and improvement of work-life balance. A future research direction worth considering is a study focused on other countries in Asia, comparing the findings with this paper.

The text and context of Regina Jonas’s Halakhic work ‘Kann die Frau das rabbinische Amt bekleiden?’

ABSTRACT This article proposes a close reading of Jonas’s halakhic treatise with two central goals. The first is to locate Jonas’s text within the broader debates on the changing role of women in Judaism and contemporary European society and the changing role of rabbis in Central Europe (and beyond). We will see how her thesis reflected broader social and cultural trends that shaped modern European Jewish communities. The second goal of this article is to examine the ways in which Jonas constructed her argument and in so doing to remind the reader of the more nuanced and complicated landscape of German Judaism that existed prior to the Holocaust, of which she was but one voice. By examining her arguments and the sources she employed, we can see where she aimed to uphold halakhah and to use it to make her highly innovative argument, just as we can also see where she pushed boundaries, arguing for the possibility of change within it. We can also identify the issues she chose to elide and consider the implications of her argumentation.

Empowering Communities: How Electric Cooperatives Transformed Rural South Carolina by Lacy K. Ford and Jared Bailey

Reviewed by: Empowering Communities: How Electric Cooperatives Transformed Rural South Carolina by Lacy K. Ford and Jared Bailey Casey P. Cater Empowering Communities: How Electric Cooperatives Transformed Rural South Carolina. By Lacy K. Ford and Jared Bailey. Foreword by James E. Clyburn. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2022. Pp. xviii, 216. Paper, $29.99, ISBN 978-1-64336-269-4.) In ten thematically driven chapters, Lacy K. Ford and Jared Bailey make the case that since the 1930s, member-owned electric cooperatives have been the principal force behind empowering neglected rural communities in South Carolina. Though Empowering Communities: How Electric Cooperatives Transformed Rural South Carolina is the product of a prominent historian and an academic press, the book aims to reach a broader audience with a heretofore untold tale. The authors claim they are not offering a “formal history” of the state’s electric cooperatives but are simply narrating their story (p. xi). Nevertheless, this volume homes in on several key themes—including the importance of cooperative organizations, the politics of electric power, and the centrality of local people’s efforts—making it a useful addition to recent scholarly literature on rural electrification in the South. The point the authors make most consistently throughout Empowering Communities is that the electric cooperative, as a public institution created with the support of the New Deal’s Rural Electrification Administration (REA), was a heroic entity that rescued rural South Carolinians from perilous backwardness and backbreaking drudgery. The text is replete with quotations from early cooperative members who praised their co-ops as “really the [End Page 179] salvation of farming and the rural areas” and as the force that “changed completely the way that we lived” (pp. 12, 14). This perspective is unsurprising given both that the book was commissioned by a trade association, the Electric Cooperatives of South Carolina (ECSC), and that the rural South’s first recipients of electric power often used such language to describe their experiences. Yet assigning the cooperative the role of rural South Carolina’s savior sidesteps the possibility of examining matters—such as race and access to rural electrification, the REA’s debt- and market-driven model, and the cooperatives’ complicated relationship with privately owned utilities—that might cast these entities in a more revealing, if less flattering, light. In addition to positioning cooperative organizations as rural people’s deliverance from darkness, the book also argues that cooperatives had to defend against the constant threat from private power and its allies in positions of political influence. The cooperative, the authors point out, was “born in politics” and has long been a fundamental component in the history of rural electrification (p. xv). They review the broader national narrative—and examine South Carolina in rather granular detail based largely on local newspaper accounts and ECSC publications—of the ongoing power struggle over, first, the very existence of a separate public power complex in the 1920s and 1930s and, later, just how independent that project would be. The strongest element of Empowering Communities is its reliance on oral history accounts from cooperative members, which dominate the source base for this study and drive the story. Everyday people’s voices shine through in nearly every chapter, revealing just how much rural electrification meant to their lives: the co-ops not only lit members’ homes and eased the burdens of daily labor, but they also fostered a sense of community and participatory democracy. Chapter 3, “Working the Lines,” which shows how cooperatives both provided and depended on local employment, and chapter 5, “South Carolina’s Electric Cooperatives and the Changing Role of Women, 1950s–1980s,” which discusses how the cooperatives, with fits and starts, afforded women opportunities for advancement and even authority, are particularly valuable. Though perhaps overly sympathetic to the role electric cooperatives played in empowering South Carolina’s rural communities, this book provides an excellent summary of rural electrification’s history within a single state. Most notably, by highlighting individual experiences and efforts at making rural electrification a successful and ongoing project, it emphasizes a point too often lost in energy history: not only did electric power matter to people, but people mattered to electric power as well...

EN(COUNTERING) TERRORISM

On November 23, 2022, Dr. Mia Bloom, Communications and Middle East Studies professor at Georgia State University, presented on “En(countering) Terrorism” at the 2022 Annual CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the changing roles of women in terrorist groups, the relationship between social media and terrorist groups, and the emergence of the QAnon movement. Received: 2023-01-08Revised: 2023-01-17

Virtualization of pregnancy: game and reality

Technology is changing human life in every possible way. However, bearing a child came under their influence only in the 20th century, which, together with the changing role of women in society, led to a rethinking of the phenomenon of pregnancy. The article considers how the development of reproductive technologies and their promotion paved the way for the separation of motherhood from bearing children, which began to be understood as a technical process. An analysis of the representation of pregnancy in computer games was also carried out, an emphasis was placed on the desire to ignore or reduce the process of bearing a child, both on the part of the creators of the game and the players. Despite the fact that raising a baby outside the body of a future mother becomes possible due to progress in the field of biomedical technologies justification for this phenomenon is largely due to the increasing virtuality of existence. Introduced in 2022, the EctoLife project integrates the latest reproductive and digital technologies, preparing society to accept virtual play pregnancy, where the baby is raised in an artificial capsule. In a digital society, it is natural to ask for a controlled pregnancy, which occupies a strictly defined place in life, like a capsule in the corner of a room, or in smartphone application, which you can turn to when there is a desire to remember the future baby. As a result, the technical finally replaces the natural: childbearing is built into the technocratic process with unpredictable consequences.

THE ROLE OF VISUAL NARRATIVE IN ADVERTISING: DEPICTIONS OF WOMEN IN THE FRAMEWORK OF TEA CULTURE DURING INDIA'S COLONIAL PERIOD

The purpose of the article is to focus on the role of visual narratives in advertising and how women are depicted in the context of the promotion of tea culture during the colonial period of India. India is one of the oldest kingdoms in the world, and India has passed through various ages that brought new innovations, social and economic reforms. Each phase has its own impact on society, as we can see through different forms of art, literature, music, and advertising. India is a massive market for selling products, there are different categories of products available in the market, but some of the brands are centuries old. Advertising plays an important role in the promotion of products. TEA for example: before independence in the promotion of tea culture in India there were different media of advertising; promotional activities and propaganda played an important role, and the changing role of women is represented effectively in tea advertisements. There are various examples that are witness to the significant transformation in the manner where women are portrayed in the promotion of tea culture. India was experiencing the provocative impact of western culture, which reached to new horizons of creativity and aids in the presentation of Indian women in a new framework. My paper through various example focuses on the role of women in the context of promoting tea in India.

Role of Women Empowerment in achieving social transformation and sustainable development

Educated women have a high level of morality, a high potential for earning, and live life with a lot more confidence and courage to face any challenging situation. They might grow into an independent businessperson who can maintain the family's financial independence. They can maintain good health and hygiene for the family members. If there exists a lack of education for women the entire society will face a lot of setbacks in terms of development. Even today in rural areas there is a low acceptance of girl children in society. The paper will discuss the Women empowerment and different ways of boosting the women empowerment. There are a lot of studies that talk about the crucial role of educated women in bringing about socioeconomic and political progress in our country. Thus, the empowerment of rural women plays an important role in building up the economic and social pillars of sustainability. It is essential to empower women to achieve gender equality in order to secure the country's sustainable development. Education not only provides women with economic empowerment but also helps to solve issues like gender inequality and removes poverty to foster inclusive economic growth. This paper will bring out the positive outcome that due to education, there has been a changing role of women in society and the family, economic independence, changing attitude, increasing confidence, and the gradual rising of their social and economic status. The paper will also bring out the discussion on challenges faced by women. The paper will also attempt to discuss future suggestions for facilitating women with education and empowerment of women.

CAA Enters its Fifteenth Year of Publication

Since the publication of its first issue in January 2008, Contemporary Arab Affairs (CAA) has travelled a long way. At the very beginning, the board of directors of the Centre for Arab Unity Studies (CAUS), a well-known think tank and a publisher in Arabic, decided to issue an international quarterly journal in English. The objective was to publish and circulate authentic research and studies originally produced in Arabic, thus making them available to an international audience in order to promote constructive dialogue on Arab political, socio-economic, and cultural affairs.The editorial of the first issue of CAA identified its goal as establishing “a bridge linking the Arab world to the international community.” Putting it differently, the goal was to communicate research from the region and about the region to non-Arabic-speaking scholars, researchers, and policymakers. The first few years of the journal dedicated most of its content to translations of Arabic papers that originally appeared in journals published by CAUS.As CAA reached Western scholarship and academic circles, it established itself among area studies journals and encouraged an increasing number of scholars, Arab and non-Arab, from all over the world to submit papers written originally in English. Today, around only twenty-five percent of the journal’s content is translated from Arabic: the rest is submitted in English for CAA’s consideration.Over the last fifteen years, CAA has proved itself as a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality, original research from and about the Arab region. Its articles have been diverse in terms of subject matter, theoretical frameworks, and research methodology.The journal’s articles deal with the factors and forces that have shaped the contemporary Arab world. It has analyzed the Arab uprisings and the hybrid or proxy wars in Syria, Libya, and Yemen. It has discussed different theoretical aspects and case studies on terrorism, democratization, civil–military relations, the changing role of women, and oil economics and industry. Articles have also covered controversial issues such as “the triangle of autocracy, oil, and foreign powers,” “The Arab regional system: question of survival,” “internalized Arab diasporic identity,” “beyond rentierism,” and “the political economy of democratic transition.” Content has been limited not only to Arab countries, but also there have been various articles on Israel, Turkey, and Iran, as well as international actors such as the United States, Russia, China, and the European Union.Thus, the journal focuses on changes in Arab states and societies, and their relations with the regional and global environment. It centers on contemporary political, economic, and social affairs in the Arab world, including cultural and historical aspects that impact the present.CAA’s ranking has continued to improve year on year, and it is now considered an influential journal in its realm.According to data released by Scopus in January 2022, CAA has a CiteScore 2020 of 0.5. This measures average citations received per document published in the serial.CAA gained an SJR 2020 score of 0.112. This refers to the SCImago Journal Rank, which measures weighted citations received by the serial. Citation weighting depends on the subject field and prestige (SJR) of the citing serial.As for the SNP 2020, CAA has earned a score of 0.334. This refers to source normalized impact per paper. It measures actual citations received, relative to citations expected, for the serial’s subject field.CAA holds the 400th rank amongst 1037 journals in the field of cultural studies and thus occupies the 61st percentile in this field.In the field of political science and international relations, CAA is placed in 373rd rank amongst 556 journals and occupies the 33rd percentile.CAA’s main mission is to be a platform for voices from the region and to provide the opportunity for them to be part of global academic and policy debates. Another component of its mission is to offer indigenous narratives of events and developments taking place in the Arab world and the Middle East. In doing so, CAA joins other journals published in the Global South in encouraging different traditions in social science research that break away from Western ethnocentrism.CAA will continue to publish relevant and in-depth articles on internal, regional, and international issues related to the Arab world with an emphasis on the theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature. It will also keep encouraging comparative research of political, economic, and social institutions and behaviors. The journal’s editorial policy is to encourage the publication of articles written by young scholars experimenting with new ideas and methodologies.We hope that Contemporary Arab Affairs will continue to communicate new ideas and research findings to social scientists, graduate students, and policymakers.

Would you make money giving birth?: Tax allowances and economic assistance as measures of population policy in Serbia

This article addresses the issue of childbirth postponement in Serbia. The paper examines the interaction of demographic and socioeconomic factors as relevant indicators of demographic development. In the case of seven municipalities in the Srem region, the authors sought to determine the causes of putting off childbirth and examine the attitudes of the female population, considering their decision not to give birth. The paper pursues to provide answers to the problems of the postponement of childbirth phenomenon, the economic resources needed for birth, the importance of the institutional framework and the changing role of women in society, which directly affect women's reproductive behavior. Research findings can be integrated into development strategies, which include both population policy and family planning measures, from the level of an individual to the extent of the community.

Koraci u strahu - borba za prava žena - Kerolajn Ebot, heroina E. M. Forstera, u potrazi za slobodom

Gender issues have been a topic in written literature since ancient times. In the past, writers and philosophers questioned and often denigrated the role of women in society. Christianity brought to literature a model of two opposite women figures, a bad girl disrespected by respectable members of community, versus a good girl who represented all Christian virtues. In the Victorian and post Victorian era, women's emancipation became a major societal issue. In the early twentieth century, literature by and about women intensified. In the modern feminist era, particularly after women earned the right to vote and gained greater access to education and workplace, literature started concentrating on women's changing roles and continued obstacles to equality. As a writer who was extremely susceptible to the influence of time, E. M. Forster described his characters in close contact with their surroundings. He criticized the position and role of women in a Victorian middle class family. He depicted his heroines in constant struggle between their desires and suitable and appropriate behaviour expected by their family members and friends. The choice his female characters are faced with is whether they can bring themselves to break deep-rooted social conventions in order to attain personal happiness as free-thinking women or whether they should stick to the society's expectations. The paper concentrates on the main female protagonist of Foster's novel Where Angels Fear to Tread, analysing the transformation the character undergoes in her pursuit of personal freedom and fulfilment.

“Childfree” as a created image of a successful woman in context of her gender role in the modern world (based on modern TV-series)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation of the image of a successful woman by modern cinema, foreign and domestic TV series. Based on the study of the latter in conditions through sociological methods, the change in the gender role of women in the conditions of modern nonlinear transformations is considered, one of the manifestations of which is “childfree” - a rationally conscious, rather than sensually emotional rejection of the birth and upbringing of children. This choice is often determined by a woman’s desire to independently achieve certain professional heights, quality of life at the level of modern standards, to be beautiful and youthful. Such an image is gradually formed by modern Western, and, often, Russian cinema and advertising. These values also determine the reproductive strategies of modern youth, who, as the study showed, perceive children as an obstacle to self-realization. The “ideal woman” - strong, independent, beautiful in the view of modern Russian girls pushes into the background a woman-mother, a woman-mistress. According to the author of the study, the emotional perception of such an image of a successful woman, imposed by TV series, leads to a rational choice of a strategy of “non-parenthood” in real life.

The Changing Role of Women from the mid-19th Century to the Present Day: an Analysis of German History Textbooks from a Gender Perspective

The article presents the findings of a study that conducted a content analysis of German history textbooks for upper secondary schools, investigating gender aspects of the educational content. The analysis focused primarily on the presentation of the historical evolution of women’s roles from the mid-19th century to the present day. The study draws on previous research of history teaching materials comparing the content of history textbooks in Austria, Britain, France, Germany and Switzerland. The methodology is anchored in recent literature, and includes a qualitative analysis based on a set of predetermined criteria. The findings of the analysis indicate that German textbooks devote substantial coverage to the history of women’s emancipation; the textbooks contain separate chapters focusing on the gender dimension, including the struggle for women’s suffrage, women’s war efforts during the two world wars, the status of women in the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany and post-1945, and questions of everyday life. The didactic elements of the texts are also well-elaborated (methodological passages, the use of didactic media, interpretation of historical sources, project-based teaching).