Global Environmental Change Research Articles

Eggs on a plate: Population‐dependent effects of humic substance rich water on perch egg size and hatching success

Abstract The ability of fish to sustain environmental perturbations during fragile early‐life stages can be of vital importance for populations and species facing rapid global environmental change. One of the potential challenges for aquatic organisms, including teleost fish, is rising concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwater environments, known as brownification, which causes a cascade of changes including a decreased visibility and pH. Conversely, humic substances are increasingly recognised for their potential antimicrobial and immunostimulant properties. The questions remain whether exposure to humic waters high in DOC during the development causes significant perturbation, and to what extent genetic and parental factors may maintain optimal development in such a possibly challenging environment. To address these questions, we generated pure and hybrid (inter‐population) crosses of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) originating from clear‐water and humic lakes. Fertilised eggs from each cross were exposed to natural humic and clear‐water lake water. Intra‐chorionic space diameter (embryo diameter) and hatching success were recorded. Perch embryos successfully developed even in a small volume of water (5 mL) and majority hatched (70%) by 13 day post‐fertilisation. Embryo diameter was influenced by the interaction between cross type and treatment where embryos with maternal clear‐water origin were smaller than embryos of humic water origin in both clear‐water and humic water treatments. The probability of hatching was not related to female size, but rather to embryo diameter at the eyed stage and the interaction between cross type and treatment, resulting in pure clear‐water crosses hatching earlier and at higher numbers. Our study shows that effects of humic water are not uniformally negative in perch and discloses population‐dependent responses to humic water exposure during development. Our experimental design also illustrates the utility of multi‐well plates for conducting complex high‐throughput experiments beyond traditional model species and opens new possibilities for testing perch genotype–environment associations in early‐life traits. Taken together, results of this study add to the growing evidence that humic substances may have complex effects on fish during early life, motivating further investigations on their role in shaping natural phenotypes and potential use in the applied sector.

Sustainable food choices require product-specific environmental footprints: The case of packaged food in Australia

The current food system is a major driver of global environmental change. Despite significant research interest in the environmental impacts of alternative diets, most studies estimate the effects of dietary shifts based on assumed changes in the consumption of raw agricultural commodities instead of simulating changes in the actual food and beverages consumed. In response to increasing consumer demand for product-specific health and sustainability labelling on packaged food products, it is necessary to develop robust environmental footprinting approaches to estimate the environmental impacts of foods and beverages available through retail outlets. This study quantifies the environmental impacts of 63,926 packaged food products in Australian supermarkets across five indicators including greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, acidification, and eutrophication potential. We integrated cradle-to-retail environmental estimates from life cycle assessment databases with ingredient proportions derived through a linear programming algorithm to measure product-specific impacts. Meat products consistently showed the highest impacts across all environmental indicators, while fruits, vegetables, plant-based meat alternatives, and non-alcoholic beverages had the lowest impacts. This study also shows that the dietary environmental footprints of Australian consumers can be significantly reduced by switching from high-impact to low-impact products within the same food category (e.g., meat products). Transitioning from high-impact to low-impact products across all food categories could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 96 %, with synergies across all other environmental indicators. The comprehensive results of this study can empower consumers, producers, and governments to identify context-specific opportunities for improving food system sustainability in Australia.

20th century climate warming and human disturbance triggered high aquatic production and strong water-column mixing in maar Lake Xiaolongwan, northeastern China

Lake ecosystems in northeastern (NE) China are sensitive to global environmental change, and are currently under threats of eutrophication and hypolimnetic anoxia. However, the lack of long-term records of lake production and anoxia in this region makes it difficult to discriminate the impacts of recent anthropogenic activity on lake ecosystems from natural ecosystem variability. This study investigates varved sediments from remote maar Lake Xiaolongwan, NE China and reconstructs high-resolution changes in lake primary production, anoxia, nutrient cycling and catchment processes over the past 1500 years using hyperspectral imaging inferred sedimentary total chlorophyll-a and bacteriopheophytin-a (Bphe-a), combined with sedimentary iron and phosphorus fractions data. Results show that, prior to discernible human impacts in this area from ∼600 CE to 1900 CE, lake primary production was higher during warm periods and reduced during cold periods. Bphe-a records show that hypolimnetic anoxia persisted regardless of temperature variability. Cluster analysis suggests that lake algal communities and biogeochemical conditions in the twentieth-century warm period are unprecedented and significantly different from any other time over the past 1500 years. This phenomenon mostly results from global warming and stronger local catchment disturbance in the early 1900s, combined with atmospheric pollution after the 1950s. Human-driven climate warming has caused stronger seasonal mixing (due to shortened ice-cover duration) and overall better oxygenation in the lake. This study demonstrates clear anthropogenic impacts to lake ecosytems in a relatively pristine region in NE China. We anticipate that our findings will have implications for understanding the status of aquatic ecosystems in NE China under future interacting stressors of anthropogenic climate warming and pollution.

Political ecology of tourism: A bibliometric analysis

The tourism sector significantly impacts global environmental change and resource management. The social and economic aspects of tourism are also worthy of examination from the political ecology perspective. In this context, there is a growing need for academic studies examining tourism’s environmental, social, and economic components. This study is conducted to meet this need and provide an in-depth analysis of the works on political ecology in tourism. This research aims to assess scholarly investigations within the tourism domain employing a political ecology framework, utilizing bibliometric analysis as the methodological approach. Within this scope, publications in the literature have been quantitatively examined, and the studies’ prevalence, interactions, and developmental trends have been revealed. The WoS database identified 192 studies published between 1998 and 2023 on the subject. The analysis of leading journals, authors, countries, and keywords related to the topic indicates the following: There has been a noteworthy surge in the number of scholarly inquiries about political ecology within the scientific realm associated with tourism. In addition, the leading country on the subject is the United States. Finally, conservation and ecotourism become the main focal points of studies on political ecology. In summary, it is anticipated that this study will provide a substantial contribution to the existing literature in the domain of political ecology within the context of tourism, offering guidance for researchers in the design and execution of subsequent studies.

What drives public engagement by scientists? An Australian perspective

There is an increasing expectation for more scientists to engage with industry, government, and communities to solve climate change. A group for whom these calls are now prevalent are marine (natural and social) scientists working on environmental change, including climate change. Yet, there is limited empirical evidence of what drives them to embrace or avoid engaging distinct publics, including policymakers. Here, we examined via twenty-eight in-depth qualitative interviews factors affecting how Australian scientists engage the public about climate change. We found that nineteen contextual variables constrain and enable public engagement by scientists. These variables co-occur and interact at the individual, organizational, and systemic levels to affect how they prioritize, mobilize resources, and decide to engage the public. We found that while the scientists saw it rewarding to share their findings with others, they found it hard to deal with conflict, face skeptics, and navigate organizational politics and structures to engage others in a public-facing role. Also, a lack of institutional support and engagement culture, role ambiguity, unequal power relations, and a legacy of past encounters led many scientists to engage in tokenism. These findings and insights have implications for individual scientists, institutional policy, and the practice of engaging others about global environmental change. They reveal why scientists might not engage others in a public-facing role and what might be needed to transform engagement.

Orbital‐Scale Global Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures Coupling With Cryosphere‐Carbon Cycle Changes Over the Past 4 Million Years

AbstractChanges in the thermal conditions of the ocean surface, the interface for air‐sea exchange, are critical for understanding global climate and environmental change. Here we explore the evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) and the meridional SST gradient (STG) at orbital timescales since 4 million years ago (Ma), along with interactions between SSTs, the cryosphere, and the global carbon cycle. We observe orbital eccentricity and obliquity influences on SST evolution and infer that SST changes may have played a key role in atmospheric CO2 and cryosphere changes through key climate transitions in the past 4 Ma. We find a major equator‐to‐pole STG increase in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) close to the initiation of major NH glaciation (at ∼2.7 Ma). In addition, we find substantial increases in the obliquity sensitivity (Sobl) of NH STG at ∼2.7 Ma and in Southern Hemisphere (SH) STG at ∼1 Ma, which may be responses to important expansions of NH and SH ice sheets, respectively. Phase analysis shows that SST changes typically lead global ice volume changes throughout the last 4 Ma. SST changes also lead atmospheric CO2 changes since ∼1.5 Ma, which indicates that SST changes either drove, or directly reflect, processes that changed ocean‐atmosphere carbon exchange and, thus, atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Overall, our study emphasizes that SST changes were a critical component of climate change throughout the last 4 Ma.

Elevated levels of antibiotic resistance genes as a factor of human-caused global environmental change.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have moved into focus as a critically important response variable in global change biology, given the increasing environmental and human health threat posed by these genes. However, we propose that elevated levels of ARGs should also be considered a factor of global change, not just a response. We provide evidence that elevated levels of ARGs are a global change factor, since this phenomenon is linked to human activity, occurs globally, and affects biota. We explain why ARGs could be considered the global change factor, rather than the organisms containing them; and we highlight the difference between ARGs and the presence of antibiotics, which are not necessarily linked since elevated levels of ARGs are caused by multiple factors. Importantly, shifting the perspective to elevated levels of ARGs as a factor of global change opens new avenues of research, where ARGs can be the experimental treatment. This includes asking questions about how elevated ARG levels interact with other global change factors, or how ARGs influence ecosystem processes, biodiversity or trophic relationships. Global change biology stands to profit from this new framing in terms of capturing more completely the real extent of human impacts on this planet.

Effects of industrial pollution and ambient air temperature on larval performance and population dynamics of Eriocrania leafminers (Lepidoptera)

Pollution is an integral part of global environmental change, yet the combined and interactive effects of pollution and climate on terrestrial ecosystems remain inadequately understood. This study aims to explore whether pollution alters the impacts of ambient air temperature on the population dynamics of herbivorous insects. Between 1995 and 2005, we studied populations of two closely related moths, Eriocrania semipurpurella and E. sangii, at eight sites located 1 to 64 km from a large copper‑nickel smelter in Monchegorsk, Russia. We found that pollution and temperature influence the performance of Eriocrania larvae mining in the leaves of mountain birch, Betula pubescens var. pumila, through multiple pathways. This is evident from the unconsistent changes observed in larval and frass weight, mine area, and leaf size. We found increases in both leaf quality and larval weight with decreasing pollution levels at both spatial and temporal scales and attributed these to the impact of sulphur dioxide, rather than trace elements (nickel and copper). The quality of birch leaves increased with spring (May) temperatures, enabling Eriocrania larvae to achieve greater weight while consuming less biomass. During the larval growth period (early June to early July), Eriocrania larvae increased their consumption with rising temperatures, presumably to compensate for increased metabolic expenses. Contrary to our expectations, the per capita rate of population change did not correlate with larval weight and did not vary along the pollution gradient. Nevertheless, we detected interactive effects of pollution and climate on the rate of population change. This rate decreased with rising winter temperatures in slightly polluted and unpolluted sites but remained unchanged in heavily polluted sites. We conclude that pollution disrupts mechanisms regulating the natural population dynamics of Eriocrania moths.

A dataset of annual TCI, VCI, VHI and TVDI with the resolution of 1 km in the Yellow River Basin (2003–2022)

Primarily situated in arid and semi-arid climatic zones, characterized by naturally limited water resources, the Yellow River Basin is the most drought-affected among China's major basins. As global environmental and climate change continue to evolve, droughts in the Yellow River Basin have become increasingly frequent, making drought monitoring research a current focal point. Based on MODIS vegetation data and surface temperature products, this dataset undergoes quality control procedures such as cloud removal and data reconstruction to collect the data of annual Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2022. The spatial scope of this dataset ranges from 32°10′N–41°50′N，95°53′E–119°05′E. The dataset is in GeoTiff format with a spatial resolution of 1km. It can provide foundational data and scientific support for drought disaster monitoring in the Yellow River Basin.

Research on the Impacts of Global Entrepreneurial Environment Changes on Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship

Research on the Impacts of Global Entrepreneurial Environment Changes on Small and Medium-Sized Entrepreneurship

Paleoenvironmental and chemostratigraphic implications of variations in geochemical proxies across the Upper Jurassic–Lower cretaceous boundary: a case study from the Flemish Pass Basin

The Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary is the only Phanerozoic period-level boundary that lacks a golden spike on the geological timescale despite significant global geological and environmental change during this time related to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Paleoenvironmental proxy profiles (total organic carbon, δ34S, δ15N, Fe, Mn, Ce/Ce*, Th/U, δ13Corg, P, Ni, Zn, Cu, and B/Ga) for core 3 of the Baccalieu I-78 well in the Flemish Pass Basin, offshore eastern Canada, exhibit a geochemical anomaly between 3288.5 and 3289 m, overlapping with the biostratigraphic placement of the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. Collectively the geochemical analyses are interpreted to indicate that the anomaly is associated with a fall in relative sea level, followed by a rise, which led to restricted circulation, stratification, and widespread anoxia. This anoxia, coupled with an arid climate, further resulted in reduced weathering, limited nutrient supply, and an overall reduction in primary productivity. The results of this study, in conjunction with previous biostratigraphic studies on core 3, suggest that the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary in Baccalieu I-78 likely falls within the geochemical anomaly, specifically between 3228.5 and 3288.85 m. Furthermore, the paleoenvironmental interpretations derived in this study agree with published reports on global sea level and climate trends around the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, implying the influence of global, rather than regional, factors on deposition. This suggests that geochemical proxies may be useful in providing additional paleoenvironmental insights and helping to constrain stratigraphic boundaries, particularly in intervals that lack significant lithological or biological change.

Identification of climatic tipping points and transitions in Chinese loess grain-size records utilizing nonlinear time series analysis

As one of the most important terrestrial sediments, Chinese loess provides valuable information on regional and global climatic and environmental changes and holds great potential for studying on nonlinear behaviors of the East Asian monsoon system. Utilizing objective and quantitative methods to identify tipping points and climate transitions in paleoclimatic records can help us understand the climatic change in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). This study explores critical tipping points and nonlinear climate transitions within the CLP using the Chiloparts record, a comprehensive 2600-ka paleoclimate dataset. We pinpointed potential tipping points using recurrence quantification analysis and the augmented Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ultimately leading to 15 critical tipping points. We argued that these 15 tipping points represent some of the most significant climatic changes recorded in the Chinese loess paleoclimate record. Employing recurrence quantification analysis, recurrence networks, and visibility graphs, we also identified several climate transitions and provided some nonlinear information, including the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) as well as the Mid-Brunhes Transition (MBT). We particularly highlight a significant climatic regime transition around 500 ka that may reflect a nonlinear response to variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Our research also contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between loess deposition, environmental change, and tectonic activity, emphasizing the need for further investigations to elucidate the mechanisms driving these transitions.

Eavttut ja hástalusat boazodollui Norggas, Ruoŧas ja Suomas

This report is based on the book "Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change - pastoralism in Fennoscandia". The book, which was published in 2022, brings together previous and new research compiled within a Nordic collaboration project, ReiGN (Reindeer husbandry in a Globalizing North), funded by NordForsk during the years 2016 – 2021. Grants from NordForsk also funded this report. The report, published in Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish and North Sámi, summarizes some of the main results from the book. In nine chapters it describes how reindeer herding is affected by climate change, the continuous loss of reindeer grazing land and other external factors that together represent large challenges for reindeer, reindeer herders and the reindeer herding community as a whole. The report contains perspectives from many different research areas. Each chapter in the report has one or more references and links to chapters in the above mentioned book, which is freely available online (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003118565). The chapters in the report cover a range of different topics, like present and historical reindeer herding (Chapter 1), the genetic background of the semi-domesticated reindeer (Chapter 2), how reindeer ranges are used and how they are affected by climate change and expanding industrial development (Chapter 3), possibilities for adaptation to a warmer climate (Chapter 4), impact of large predators (Chapter 5), external and internal governance (Chapter 6), reindeer herding as subsistence (Chapter 7), the role of supplementary feeding (Chapter 8), and reindeer health and diseases in a climate perspective (Chapter 9). The report ends with some reflections over the present situation and future perspectives for reindeer herding. The report is aimed at herders and managers, as well as other land users, authorities and policymakers who deal with natural resource management, climate and environmental issues or other matters related to reindeer herding and the use of land and water within the reindeer herding area. Rangifer Report No 21 is the North Sámi version of the report. Reports in Swedish and Norwegian have already been published as Rangifer Report No 16 and No 17, respectively. A Finnish version is published as a following number of Rangifer Report.

An Exploration of the Relationship Between Social Work Students’ Awareness of Environmental Ethics and Their Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Environmental Problems

In a changing global environment, sustaining social work as a profession necessitates comprehensive education and heightened awareness of ecocentric perspectives and environmental ethics. Based on this information, the study aims to explore the relationship between social work students’ environmental ethics awareness and their attitudes and behaviors regarding environmental issues. The study was conducted utilizing the general and relational survey model, a quantitative research methodology; the data collection was performed with an interview form consisting of the Personal Information Form, Environmental Ethics Awareness Scale, Attitude Toward Environmental Problems Scale, and Behavior Toward Environmental Problems Scale. The study comprised 461 students selected from 10 different universities offering undergraduate social work education in Türkiye, employing the purposive sampling technique. The data collected from the participants was analyzed using SPSS software. The study findings reveal that the environmental ethics awareness and attitudes of social work students toward environmental problems positively impact their behaviors regarding environmental problems. In this context, heightened environmental ethics awareness and positive attitudes toward environmental problems among students correlate with increased engagement in actions addressing environmental issues. These findings emphasize the need for future studies to assess the effectiveness of environmental education curricula and conduct evidence-based quasi-experimental group interventions.

Post-covid developments in capital flows: what has changed?

As the global economic environment changes so does the patterns of international capital flows. Since the beginning of globalization and particularly throughout the Great Moderation, capital flows have been recognized as an indispensable cornerstone for financial liberalization, deeper integration and economic growth

Environmental factors shaping alpine plant adaptations

Alpine ecosystems are distinct and demanding settings that are defined by severe climatic extremes, such as frigid temperatures, intense radiation, and restricted nutrition supply. The adaptations of alpine plants are finely tuned responses to the unique environmental challenges they face. By delving into the intricate interplay between temperature, UV radiation, soil conditions, and precipitation patterns, are valuable insights into the resilience of alpine ecosystems. Such knowledge is not only crucial for advancing ecological understanding but also for informing conservation and management strategies in the era of global environmental change. We have covered all the abiotic factors affecting plant growth and development in alpine and subalpine area in this mini review. It will be beneficial for researchers, industrialists, ecologists and agriculturists.

Paleozoic Equatorial Records of Melting Ice Ages (PERMIA): calibrating the pace of paleotropical environmental and ecological change during Earth's previous icehouse

Abstract. The upper Paleozoic Cutler Group of southern Utah, USA, is a key sedimentary archive for understanding the Earth-life effects of the planet's last pre-Quaternary icehouse–hothouse state change: the Carboniferous–Permian (C–P) transition, between 304 and 290 million years ago. Within the near-paleoequatorial Cutler Group, this transition corresponds to a large-scale aridification trend, loss of aquatic habitats, and ecological shifts toward more terrestrial biota as recorded by its fossil assemblages. However, fundamental questions persist. (1) Did continental drift or shorter-term changes in glacio-eustasy, potentially driven by orbital (Milankovitch) cycles, influence environmental change at near-equatorial latitudes during the C–P climatic transition? (2) What influence did the C–P climatic transition have on the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems and on the diversity and trophic structures of terrestrial vertebrate communities? The Paleozoic Equatorial Records of Melting Ice Ages (PERMIA) project seeks to resolve these issues in part by studying the Elk Ridge no. 1 (ER-1) core, complemented by outcrop studies. This legacy core, collected in 1981 within what is now Bears Ears National Monument, recovered a significant portion of the Hermosa Group and the overlying lower Cutler Group, making it an ideal archive for studying paleoenvironmental change during the C–P transition. As part of this project, the uppermost ∼ 450 m of the core were temporarily transferred from the Austin Core Repository Center to the Continental Scientific Drilling Facility at the University of Minnesota for splitting, imaging, and scanning for geophysical properties and spectrophotometry. Here we (1) review the history of this legacy core, (2) introduce recently obtained geophysical and lithologic datasets based on newly split and imaged core segments to provide a sedimentological and stratigraphic overview of the Elk Ridge no. 1 core that aligns more accurately with the currently recognized regional lithostratigraphic framework, (3) establish the position of the boundary between the lower Cutler beds and the overlying Cedar Mesa Sandstone in the core, and (4) outline our ongoing research goals for the core. In-progress work on the core aims to refine biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic age constraints, retrieve the polarity stratigraphy, interrogate preserved cyclostratigraphy, analyze sedimentary structures and paleosol facies, investigate stable isotope geochemistry, and evaluate elemental abundance data from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. Together with outcrop studies throughout Bears Ears National Monument and its vicinity, these cores will allow the rich paleontological and paleoenvironmental archives recorded in the continental Carboniferous–Permian transition of western North America to be confidently placed in a robust chronologic context that will help test hypotheses relating ecosystem evolution to the Carboniferous rainforest collapse, initial decline of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age, and long-wavelength astronomical cycles pacing global environmental change.

Annual dynamics of global remote industrial heat sources dataset from 2012 to 2021

The spatiotemporal distribution of industrial heat sources (IHS) is an important indicator for assessing levels of energy consumption and air pollution. Continuous, comprehensive, dynamic monitoring and publicly available datasets of global IHS (GIHS) are lacking and urgently needed. In this study, we built the first long-term (2012–2021) GIHS dataset based on the density-based spatiotemporal clustering method using multi-sources remote sensing data. A total of 25,544 IHS objects with 19 characteristics are identified and validated individually using high-resolution remote sensing images and point of interest (POI) data. The results show that the user’s accuracy of the GIHS dataset ranges from 90.95% to 93.46%, surpassing other global IHS products in terms of accuracy, omission rates, and granularity. This long-term GIHS dataset serves as a valuable resource for understanding global environmental changes and making informed policy decisions. Its availability contributes to filling the gap in GIHS data and enhances our knowledge of global-scale industrial heat sources.

Characteristics and sedimentary evolution of late Ediacaran-early Cambrian microbial carbonates, chert, and phosphorite in South China

ABSTRACT The Ediacaran-Cambrian (E-C) transition period witnessed one of the most important environmental changes in Earth’s history. The western margin of the South China Block (SCB), a shallow-water environment, shows a complete sedimentary record of the E-C transition. Section surveys revealed that dolostone, microbial carbonate, chert, and phosphorite predominantly compose the lithologies of the western margin of the SCB during the E-C transition. Petrological analysis indicates that microbial carbonates in this region exhibit stromatolitic, thrombolytic, cavitated, and sporadic microbial structures. Microbial carbonates with stromatolitic, thrombolytic/cavitated, and sporadic structures correspond to strong, moderate, and weak hydrodynamic conditions, respectively. Microcrystalline dolomites crystallize during the syngenesis stage, while meso- to macrocrystalline and sparry dolomites develop during the burial diagenesis stage. Analysis of major elements and rare earth elements anomalies (δCe: 0.580 ~ 0.753; δEu: 1.234 ~ 1.433) suggests that the siliceous component originates from hot-water sources and is transported into shallow-water environments by upwelling. The absence of a δEu anomaly and the morphology of peloids indicate that the phosphatic component is primarily influenced by biological activity and upwelling. During the Tongwan Movement (545–535 Ma) in the E-C transition period, cyclical upwelling transported increased amounts of deep-source materials into shallow platform waters, leading to higher concentrations of siliceous components and widespread microbial mortality. Following the widespread microbial mortality, the phosphatic component became enriched in deep-water environments. Subsequently, the upwelling transported siliceous- and phosphatic-rich fluids back into the shallow-water environments. The phosphatic component was ultimately assimilated by small shelly fauna and deposited in the phosphatic-rich strata of the early Cambrian period. This study elucidates the origins of complex lithological compositions and the sedimentary evolution model in shallow water environments of the E-C transition period in western SCB, offering evidence for global environmental changes during this period.

A new side of deglobalization: Why did US multinational corporations deconsolidate their subsidiaries from Venezuela?

This study explored the deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiaries by 15 U.S. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) during the severe economic and political crisis of 2015. We used a probit model and decision tree classifier to examine how foreign exchange losses and the industry sector influenced this decision. We found that consumer goods MNCs and those with large losses were more likely to be deconsolidated. Deconsolidation may be a common response in other troubled emerging markets, especially in a deglobalized world. We contend that deconsolidation improves stakeholder quality and the transparency of financial reporting. In addition, an MNC’s subsidiary deconsolidation is the middle ground between doing nothing and divesting. This study fills a gap in the academic literature on deconsolidation that has been largely overlooked in the past. This raises new questions and challenges for scholars seeking to promote financial reporting transparency in a changing global environment.