Changes In Blood Composition Research Articles

The Effects of Housing on Growth, Immune Function and Antioxidant Status of Young Female Lambs in Cold Conditions

Cold conditions in northern China during winter may reduce sheep growth and affect their health, especially if they are young, unless housing is provided. We allocated 45 two-month-old female lambs to be housed in an enclosed building, a polytunnel, or kept outdoors, for 28 days. The daily weight gain and scalp and ear skin temperature of outdoor lambs were less than those of lambs that were housed in either a house or polytunnel; however, rectal temperature was unaffected by treatment. There was a progressive change in blood composition over time, and by the end of the experiment, outdoor lambs had reduced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and increased malondialdehyde compared to those in the house or polytunnel. In relation to immune responses in the lambs’ serum, in the polytunnel, immunoglobulin A (IgA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were higher and immunoglobulin G (IgG) lower compared with the concentrations in lambs that were outdoors. Over the course of the experiment, genes expressing heat shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes increased in lambs in the outdoor treatment, whereas they decreased in lambs in the indoor treatments. It is concluded that although there were no treatment effects on core body temperature, the trends for progressive changes in blood composition and gene expression indicate that the outdoor lambs were not physiologically stable; hence, they should not be kept outdoors in these environmental conditions for long periods.

Equine Trypanosomiasis: Molecular Detection, Hematological, and Oxidative Stress Profiling.

Surra caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) is widely distributed and has significant impact on equine sector and international trades. However, there are no available data about the genetic characterization of this parasite in horses in Egypt. So, the goal of this study was to study the molecular characterization of T. evansi in horses and determine the changes in hematological parameters and oxidative stress associated with T. evansi infection. A total of 12 horses were examined using PCR targeting RoTat 1.2 VSG gene, and we evaluated the changes in hematological and oxidative stress between infected and healthy animals. The results revealed a notable reduction in red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the infected horses, as compared to the control healthy group. In contrast, the infected group showed a substantial increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). In addition, the infected group exhibited monocytopenia, eosinopenia, and notable lymphocytopenia. Regarding oxidative stress profile, the infected horses showed decreased levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to the control group. Moreover, the PCR assay targeting RoTat 1.2 VSG gene revealed positive specific band (205 bp) in all examined samples for T. evansi and the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that strain of this study is closely related to T. evansi isolate in horses from India (MT501210) while showed difference from sequences of other species. The results emphasize the changes in blood composition and the body's response to oxidative stress caused by T. evansi infection in horses.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ И БИОХИМИЮ КРОВИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the organism of broiler chickens in the period from day-old to 56-day-old age, as well as changes in the biochemical composition of blood were studied. The application of this type of treatment allowed to provide a decrease in feed conversion, increase in economic efficiency and increase in the weight of chickens.

Changes in the cellular composition of blood in horses in acute laminitis

Relevance. Equine laminitis is a multi-organ disease that can affect important systems of the horse’s body in the most neglected cases, but most often the hooves are affected, which in turn affects the economic component of the owner of the sick animal.Methods. The work was performed on two groups of horses. The first group included clinically healthy horses, the second group had clinical signs of laminitis. Blood for tests was taken in compliance with a starvation diet and the rules of asepsis and antiseptics from the jugular. The calculation of the leukocyte formula was carried out manually. The results were systematically evaluated and compared with each other to calculate the percentage ratio.Results. It was found that with laminitis there is a significant change in the cellular composition of the blood, in horses of the experimental group there is an increase in leukocytes (by about 302.5%), which may be associated with an inflammatory process in the body that triggers the active production of lymphocytes into the bloodstream. There is also an increase in segmented neutrophils when calculating the leukocyte formula (by 41.52%). This change is most likely caused by traumatic damage to the sole of the hoof. In this case, the increase in segmented neutrophils will be influenced by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a hormone that stimulates the production and release of neutrophils from the bone marrow.

Hygienic assessment of the probiotic Bioseven influence on the natural resistance of rabbits pre-clinical researches

Rabbit farming plays an important role in the increase of livestock products, one of the precocious branches of small animal husbandry. From a rabbit and its offspring, more than 100 kg of meat can be obtained per year. The body of rabbits, as well as other agricultural and rural animals. animals, during life is under the influence of abiotic and biotic factors that cause growth depression, changes in the morphological composition of blood, and immunological indicators. The use of biologically active drugs that increase immunological reactivity, stimulating growth, development and resistance deserve attention. The use of probiotic preparations of young animals in the early stages of breeding normalizes the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, stimulates the synthesis of immunoglobulin IgA, increases its natural resistance, and activates homeostasis. The aim of the work was to carry out a hygienic assessment of the effect of the probiotic Bioseven on the natural resistance of the rabbit's body. The following methods of observation were used to obtain scientific information: biological, hematological, biochemical studies, statistical. The research was conducted on rabbits of the gray giant breed of both sexes. Healthy animals with the appropriate body weight were used in the experiments. Fluctuations in body weight in the respective groups did not exceed ±10.0%. Animals were kept in groups in cages in compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. The use of the new domestic biologically active drug (probiotic) Bioseven as a means of preventive action is substantiated in the research paper. The drug has been proven to have a positive effect on the morphological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood of animals, increase the natural resistance and growth intensity of rabbits. During morphological studies, it was established that the level of endogenous intoxication of the body of rabbits of experimental groups and controls during the observation period remained stable and amounted to 17.95-18.33% (experimental) and 18.42±0.55 in control, which indicates the absence of a suppressor effects of the probiotic bioseven on the antioxidant properties of the rabbit body in doses: 0.5-5.0 g/head. The economic efficiency of the use of Bioseven consists of: a reduction in the morbidity of animals, an increase in their preservation, an average daily increase in body weight, and therefore an additional increase of 0.300-1.200 kg (depending on the dose), a reduction in the cost of obtaining a unit of production (by 0.5 %) and a decrease in the cost of livestock products per head during the period of the experiment by 5.0–15.0 UAH. Thus, the hygienic evaluation of the effect of the probiotic Bioseven on the natural resistance of the rabbit's body indicates the absence of a suppressive effect of the drug on the metabolic processes of the body of laboratory animals. Key words: rabbit breeding, suppressive effect, probiotic, toxicological characteristics, biochemical, ecologically harmless, complete, food products, of animal origin, food safety, consumer.

Use of vitamin-amino acid complex in the treatment of bronchopneumonia in calves

In Russia today, bronchopneumonia of calves is one of the most common diseases in young cattle. This is a polyetiological disease associated with the influence of various factors, such as low air temperature, high air humidity, air pollution, etc. Their pathogenic effect is manifested by a decrease in the body's resistance, a violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and the presence of inflammatory exudate in the bronchioles and alveoli. Bronchopneumonia of calves is registered on livestock farms in the cold and damp seasons as a seasonal disease. In this regard, developing effective treatment regimens for this pathology is an urgent task. The study aims to study the effectiveness of the replacement therapy drug Vitam in treating bronchopneumonia in calves. The study was carried out at Michurinets LLC in the village. Altai, Altai Territory in the autumn. According to the principle of analogues, two groups of calves of 5 heads each were formed for the experiment. Calves were selected according to birth and disease onset. They were under the same feeding and housing conditions. During the investigation, clinical signs and morphological blood analysis were assessed. During a clinical study of calves, elevated body temperature, wheezing, cough, areas of dullness in the lungs in the anterior and posterior lobes, lethargy, nasal discharge, and loss of appetite were noted. On the 7th day of treatment, animals in the experimental group showed recovery. Bronchopneumonia in calves is accompanied by changes in blood composition: erythropenia, leukocytosis, increased ESR, neutrophilic leukocytosis with a nuclear shift to the left, and monocytopenia. Using a vitamin-amino acid complex in complex therapy of bronchopneumonia in calves reduces the duration and severity of the disease.

The spread of liver diseases in sows according to the results of the study of the biochemical composition of blood

Sows in industrial complexes are affected by etiological factors leading to the development of liver pathologies (hepatopathy). The study of their distribution in sows on the basis of an in vivo study of the biochemical composition of the blood determines the relevance of the work.In order to clearly judge the prevalence of liver diseases in sows, three age groups of animals were defined: sows with one farrowing (pregnant replacement gilts), sows with 2 -3 farrowings and sows with 4 or more farrowings. Each age group included 100 sows and 100 suckling sows (total 600 animals). The selection of animals for blood sampling was carried out randomly.Sows in conditions of industrial complexes are affected by etiological factors that lead to the development of liver pathologies (hepatopathies). The study of their distribution in sows on the basis of intravital study of biochemical composition of blood causes the relevance of the work. In the blood of sows biochemical indices of inflammatorymesenchymal, cytolytic, hepatodepressive and cholestatic syndromes were determined. When interpreting the obtained indices, sows with changes in the biochemical composition of blood characterizing these syndromes were determined.The number of animals with biochemical changes in the blood characteristic of liver pathology increased among gestating and lactating sows with increasing number of farrows. The number of animals with hepatopathies in pregnant sows has increased from 20% in nursing pigs to 81% in animals which farrow 4 and more pigs, and in suckling sows from 34% to 85%. At the same time, with an increase in the number of farrows among sows with biochemical changes in the blood, which characterize the development of hepatopathies, the number of animals with blood parameters indicating the development of hepatosuppression and "oppression" of the synthetic function of the liver increases. Hepatosuppression was detected in 10% of cases in repair pigs, in sows with one farrowing, in 41.2% of cases. In gestating and lactating sows with 4 and more farrows, 92.6 and 92.9%, respectively.

In-vitro Evaluation of Antithrombin and Thrombolytic Activity of Leaves Extract of Lantana camara Linn

Thrombosis is possible outcomes of excessive coagulation or inhibition of anticoagulant processes. The pathophysiology of thrombosis is primarily caused by irregularities of the vascular wall, changes in blood flow, and changes in blood composition. Now a day’s, various natural antithrombotic or thrombolytic medications are used for the treatment. This study evaluated the pharmacognostical, antithrombin and thrombolytic activity of leaves extract of plant Lantana camara. The extractive value of leaves extract of plant L. camara was higher (20.58%) in methylene chloride as solvent. Total ash of plant L. camara was about 9.00% w/w. In comparison with heparin L. camara extract shown 50.10, 60.23, 62.32, 68.48 and 71.32% antithrombin activity at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/mL concentration, respectively. When different extract concentrations were added in the tubes containing blood clots, L. camara showed a good thrombolytic activity. We conclude that the leaves extract of plant L. camara shows significant antithrombin and thrombolytic activity.

Changes in the cellular composition of blood in horses in acute laminitis

Changes in the cellular composition of blood in horses in acute laminitis

Дослідження впливу ізольованої та комбінованої дії хлороформу i сульфату алюмінію з питною водою на структурно-функціональний стан крові тварин 44

Objective: study of the effect of chloroform and aluminum sulfate on hematological indicators of experimental animals. Materials and methods: combined effect of chloroform and aluminum sulfate on hematological indicators. Results: Evaluating the results of research under the conditions of the combined effect of chloroform and aluminum sulfate, it can be stated that the most pronounced changes are observed in groups of animals with the maximum level of load - 3 and 5 MPC, under the conditions of the isolated effect of chloroform and aluminum sulfate, and under the conditions of their combined effect. The detected changes indicate the influence of active factors on the cooperative nature of oxygen binding by hemoglobin, which affects the provision of the transport function of the protein and, accordingly, on the protective function of the group of leukocytes.Changes in the leukogram reflect the phases of the development of protective and adaptive processes in the immune-competent blood system and may indicate the formation of adaptive and adaptive reactions aimed at maintaining the stability of the body’s homeostasis with their subsequent disruption and exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms. Conclusions.The specified changes in the morphological composition of blood can be signs of: violations of physiological processes occurring in the body, slowing down of redox reactions, hypoxic manifestations, reduction and weakening of the immune response and reactivity, which cannot but be reflected in the vital activity and life expectancy of experimental animals.The extrapolation of these results to humans allows us to assume that the population’s constant consumption of drinking water with an excessive content of chloroform and aluminum sulfate over time can lead to changes in the blood system, weakening of the body’s protective immune function and creating conditions for the development of non-infectious pathology.

Crassocephalum rubens (Juss Ex Jacq) leaf diets ameliorate systemic oxidative stress and tissue damage in a Wistar rat model.

The capacity of Crassocephalum rubens (Juss Ex Jacq) leaf to protect against systemic oxidative stress was evaluated in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) - intoxicated rats fed at various inclusion rates for a period of twelve (12) weeks. Major organs and tissues were then assessed for indices of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Crassocephalum rubens leaf significantly (p < .05) sustained the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in MNU-intoxicated animals, particularly at 5% and 10% inlusion rates. The dietary inclusion also prevented significant changes in hematological parameters such as neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. It also reduced the severity of histologic damages such as necrosis, epithelial degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration and other pathological changes to major organs. These results indicate that regular consumption of C. rubens leaf, prevents the deleterious biologic effects of the damaging reactive oxidative species (ROS). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Crassocephalum rubens leaf has potential for development into a nutraceutical or functional food for chemoprevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases associated with systemic oxidative stress, This is because its inclusion in the diet has attenuated lipid peroxidation, sustained the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitigated deleterious changes in blood composition and tissue architecture resulting from exposure to a chemical carcinogen.

Hyperviscosity syndromes; hemorheology for physicians and the use of microfluidic devices.

Hyperviscosity syndromes can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Existing methods to measure microcirculatory rheology are not readily available and limited in relevance and accuracy at this level. In this review, we review selected hyperviscosity syndromes and the advancement of their knowledge using microfluidic platforms. Viscosity changes drastically at the microvascular level as the physical properties of the cells themselves become the major determinants of resistance to blood flow. Current, outdated viscosity measurements only quantify whole blood or serum. Changes in blood composition, cell number, or the physical properties themselves lead to increased blood viscosity. Given the significant morbidity and mortality from hyperviscosity syndromes, new biophysical tools are needed and being developed to study microvascular biophysical and hemodynamic conditions at this microvascular level to help predict those at risk and guide therapeutic treatment. The use of 'lab-on-a-chip' technology continues to rise to relevance with point of care, personalized testing and medicine as customizable microfluidic platforms enable independent control of many in vivo factors and are a powerful tool to study microcirculatory hemorheology.

Camel Proteins and Enzymes: A Growing Resource for Functional Evolution and Environmental Adaptation.

In less agroecological parts of the Asian, Arabian, and African deserts, Camelus dromedarius play an important role in human survival. For many years, camels have been employed as a source of food, a tool of transportation, and a means of defense. They are becoming increasingly important as viable livestock animals in many desert climates. With the help of camel genetics, genomics and proteomics known so far, this review article will summarize camel enzymes and proteins, which allow them to thrive under varied harsh environmental situations. An in-depth study of the dromedary genome revealed the existence of protein-coding and fast-developing genes that govern a variety of metabolic responses including lipid and protein metabolism, glucoamylase, flavin-containing monooxygenase and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase are other metabolic enzymes found in the small intestine, liver, pancreas, and spleen. In addition, we will discuss the handling of common medications by camel liver cytochrome p 450, which are different from human enzymes. Moreover, camels developed several paths to get optimum levels of trace elements like copper, zinc, selenium, etc., which have key importance in their body for normal regulation of metabolic events. Insulin tolerance, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes, vimentin functions, behavior during the rutting season, resistance to starvation and changes in blood composition and resistance to water loss were among the attractive aspects of camel enzymes and proteins peculiarities in the camels. Resolving the enigma of the method of adaptation and the molecular processes linked with camel life is still a developing repository full of mysteries that need additional exploration.

Changes in the cellular composition of blood, phagocytic function of neutrophils in patients with acute coronary syndrome

The aim of this study was to determine changes in the cellular composition of the neutrophil blood, the phagocytic function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who underwent coronary artery (CA) stenting. We examined 40 patients with acute coronary syndrome aged 40 to 65 years (mean age 52.58±6.82), who immediately after admission or within the next 72 hours, depending on the clinical situation, underwent coronary angiography and implanted stents with drug Xience Alpine finish. The control group consisted of 30 healthy men who had no contact with harmful production factors, and in whom no clinical, laboratory and instrumental deviations from the norm were detected during medical examinations. Complete blood count (25 parameters: leukocyte, erythrocyte, and platelet hematopoietic sprouts), quantitative and qualitative composition of hematopoietic sprouts was performed by a standardized method on a Medonic M20 hematological analyzer (Sweden). Evaluation of neutrophil phagocytic activity of latex particles with a diameter of 1.7 μm by neutrophils (phagocytosis activity, phagocytosis intensity, phagocytosis number), spontaneous and induced neutrophil HBT activity were recorded by a morphological method (light microscopy using Olimpus microscopes (Japan). Conventional methods were used to assess the functional activity of phagocytes. In patients with ACS, compared to the control group, leukocytosis was observed (10.34±0.764, p&lt;0.001), a relative increase in the number of stab and segmented neutrophils in % (4.98±0.736, p&lt;0.05 and 61.09±1.908, p&lt;0.001, respectively), absolute number of granulocytes -7.30±0.711×10⁹/l (p&lt;0.001), absolute increase in monocytes — 0.92±0.093 (p&lt;0.05). Decreased percentage of lymphocytes -22.43±2.013 (p&lt;0.001). The index of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was 2.95 in the examined patients. rophils in % (38.55±3.230 — ACS, 50.6±3.44 — control, p&lt;0.05), but higher NST induced activity in % (59.73±2.936 versus 39.4±1.51 , respectively, p&lt;0.001) and the index of NBT-induced cell activity (0.90±0.065 vs. 0.63±0.031, respectively, p&lt;0.001). These data indicate the severity of the process and characterize the exacerbation of inflammation in these patients against the background of a decrease in the immune activity of the phagocytic link.

ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD COMPOSITION OF HORMONES, CYTOKINES AND LEUKOCYTES WITH LASER TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF KELOID SCARS

One of the topical aspects of the problem of keloid treatment is the lack information about biomarkers that can predict the success of the treatment of this pathology. The aim of the work is to identify the association of changed levels of hormones, cytokines and the number of leukocytes in the blood with the laser treatment result of keloid scars. Materials and methods. Hormonal, cytokine and leukocyte blood composition was studied in 45 women: 30 with keloid scars, 15 with normotrophic scars (control). Blood was taken before treatment on the 5th–7th day of the menstrual cycle. Keloids were treated with multiple laser perforations of the scar tissue. Clinical characteristics of keloid scars were assessed using the Vancouver scale before treatment and after 3 months. According to the result of treatment, two subgroups were formed: with positive dynamics of keloids and with no result of treatment. Data analysis was carried out using non-parametric statistics, the level of statistical significance was p&lt;0.05. Results and discussion. In all patients with keloids, the blood level of cortisol is reduced, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha is increased, which promotes to the proliferation of fibroblasts with inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, in the subgroup with a positive result of treatment, the number of segmented neutrophils and the level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 were increased. Discriminant analysis confirmed the high informational significance of these indicators. In patients with no result of keloid treatment, the level of a growth hormone is sevenfold increased, the concentration of luteinizing hormone, prolactin, interleukin-10 are reduced. That can lead to a weakening of anti-inflammatory effects and stimulation of fibrosis. Discriminant analysis highlighted the high informational significance of cortisol, growth hormone and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Regression analysis established the association of detected changes in blood composition with clinical parameters of keloids in each subgroup. Conclusion. The revealed differences in the blood composition in patients with keloid scars are associated with a positive or negative result of laser treatment of keloids.

Postpartum hemorrhage risk is driven by changes in blood composition through pregnancy

The extent to which women differ in the course of blood cell counts throughout pregnancy, and the importance of these changes to pregnancy outcomes has not been well defined. Here, we develop a series of statistical analyses of repeated measures data to reveal the degree to which women differ in the course of pregnancy, predict the changes that occur, and determine the importance of these changes for post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) which is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. We present a prospective cohort of 4082 births recorded at the University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland between 2009 and 2014 where full labour records could be obtained, along with complete blood count data taken at hospital admission. We find significant differences, at a p<0.001 level, among women in how blood count values change through pregnancy for mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean platelet volume, platelet count and red cell distribution width. We find evidence that almost all complete blood count values show trimester-specific associations with PPH. For example, high platelet count (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01–1.53), high mean platelet volume (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04–2.08), and high erythrocyte levels (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.57) in trimester 1 increased PPH, but high values in trimester 3 decreased PPH risk (OR 0.85, 0.79, 0.67 respectively). We show that differences among women in the course of blood cell counts throughout pregnancy have an important role in shaping pregnancy outcome and tracking blood count value changes through pregnancy improves identification of women at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage. This study provides greater understanding of the complex changes in blood count values that occur through pregnancy and provides indicators to guide the stratification of patients into risk groups.

ЖАНУАРЛАРДА ҰЙҚЫ БЕЗІ ҚЫЗМЕТІНІҢ БҰЗЫЛУЫ КЕЗІНДЕГІ ҚАН АҒЫСЫНДАҒЫ ӨЗГЕРІСТЕР

the article examines the blood supply of tissues and organs during pancreatic disorders, changes in blood flow. When modeling acute pancreatitis, the functions of blood circulation and blood indicators are considered. In acute pancreatitis in the blood, there was an increase in the indicators of total amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, and a decrease in the indicators of total protein and cholesterol. With pancreatitis in experimental animals, the rheological parameters of blood changed, the viscosity increased, the blood clotting time was shortened, the number of blood platelets increased, which worsened the fluidity of both blood and lymph and showed the phenomenon of a chronic inflammatory process. In pancreatitis, changes in the ionic composition of blood, lymph, and urine are noted. A decrease in Na+, K+, Ca+2 in blood and urine, a decrease in K+, Ca+2 in lymph, and an increase in Na+ indicate changes in ion exchange in the body. With a violation of the pancreas, characterized by a lack of cell activity in it, there is a violation of the balance system, cellular and humoral components of the blood, accompanied by changes in metabolism and the presence of endogenous poisoning. The circulatory system consists in maintaining the stability of the body in the environment during the destruction of internal organs and tissues. There was a blood clot in the small blood vessels of the pancreas, which in the future will lead to a violation of the blood supply to the microcirculatory core of the pancreas. The rate of blood flow in the trunk vein in acute pancreatitis decreased compared to the control group. The resistance Index RI in the trunk root decreased by 35% due to the fact that it is accompanied by an increase in the diameter of the trunk root. In acute pancreatitis, an increase in the rate of blood flow in the upper secondary artery was recorded, and in the case of posture, the rate of blood flow was 28±0.02 cm/s. As a result of a decrease in the tone of blood vessels after pancreatic disorders, the blood supply to the abdominal cavity and pancreas decreased. As a result of a decrease in the functional properties of the arteries and veins, which led to a decrease in blood flow in the pancreas, which, in turn, is manifested as a result of the preservation of microcirculatory disorders.

Analysis of the Effects of Red Ginseng Ingredient-based 'SSR' in Decreasing Fatigue and Inducing Changes in Blood Composition through a Clinical Trial

Analysis of the Effects of Red Ginseng Ingredient-based 'SSR' in Decreasing Fatigue and Inducing Changes in Blood Composition through a Clinical Trial

The effect of aging on the bone healing properties of blood plasma

ObjectivesAge-related changes in blood composition have been found to affect overall health. Thus, this study aimed to understand the effect of these changes on bone healing by assessing how plasma derived from young and old rats affect bone healing using a rat model. Methods. Blood plasma was collected from 6-month and 24-month old rats. Differences in elemental composition and metabolome were assessed using optical emission spectrometry and liquid mass spectrometry, respectively. Bilateral tibial bone defects were created in eight rats. Young plasma was randomly applied to one defect, while aged plasma was applied to the contralateral one. Rats were euthanized after two weeks, and their tibiae were analyzed using micro-CT and histology. The proteome of bone marrow was analyzed in an additional group of three rats. ResultsBone-defects treated with aged-plasma were significantly bigger in size and presented lower bone volume/tissue volume compared to defects treated with young-plasma. Histomorphometric analysis showed fewer mast cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes in defects treated with old versus young plasma. The proteome analysis showed that young plasma upregulated pathways required for bone healing (e.g. RUNX2, platelet signaling, and crosslinking of collagen fibrils) whereas old plasma upregulated pathways, involved in disease and inflammation (e.g. IL-7, IL-15, IL-20, and GM-CSF signaling). Plasma derived from old rats presented higher concentrations of iron, phosphorous, and nucleotide metabolites as well as lower concentrations of platelets, citric acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway metabolites compared to plasma derived from young rats. Conclusionbone defects treated with plasma-derived from young rats showed better healing compared to defects treated with plasma-derived from old rats. The application of young and old plasmas has different effects on the proteome of bone defects.

Study of Adaptogenic Properties of the Drug Klim Pet Under Stress of Dogs in a Megalopolis

Many stress factors influence pets in urban areas. The goal of this research is to understand the effects of an adaptogen called Klim Pet. Our study presents how Klim Pet affects dogs and specifically its psycho-emotional, and somatic levels. The study involved 15 dogs aged from 1.5 to 12 years. All of them live in urban environments with symptoms of chronic stress caused by various factors. For example, loss of the owner, participating in exhibitions, active breeding, moving to a new place of residence, and the fear of loneliness. All animals were given Klim Pet for 21 days in a dosage of 1 pill per 10 kg of weight one time per day. The blood sample was taken before and after consuming the drug for morphological and biochemical research. As a result, we got a significant decrease in white and red blood cell count, as well as a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and ESR. The ratio of leukocytes in the leukogram approached the normative values, and the level of protein and albumin reliably increased. As a result, we got a decrease in urea and creatinine levels, as well as a significant decrease in the level of bilirubin and enzyme activity - ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase. All of these factors represented a normalization of anabolic processes. Changes in blood composition were accompanied by positive clinical manifestations. Animals noted the normalization of appetite and digestion on the 5th-10th day after taking the drug. The neurological symptoms were leveled (destructive behavior, tremors, unmotivated aggression, obsessive behavior) after 14-18 days of taking the adaptogen. By the 20th day, we recognized an improvement in the condition of the skin and fur. The shedding mostly stopped or decreased, and the coat has become thick, shiny. The use of the drug Klim Pet had positive effects on clinical conditions. It neutralized the action of various stress factors and had a hepatoprotective effect. Klim Pet optimized metabolism, as well as the immune and nervous systems, and improved the condition of pet's fur and skin.