Changes In Sleep Patterns Research Articles

Association between longitudinal change of sleep patterns and the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

To investigate the role of longitudinal change of sleep patterns in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Based on UK Biobank, a total of 18 172 participants were enrolled. Five dimensions of healthy sleep including early chronotype, sleep 7-8 hours/day, free of insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent excessive daytime sleepiness were used to generate a healthy sleep score (HSS) ranging from 0 to 5. Corresponding to the HSS of 0-1, 2-3, and 4-5, the poor, intermediate, and healthy sleep patterns were defined. Based on changes in HSS across assessments 1 and 2, we calculated the absolute difference of HSS. For the change in sleep patterns, we categorized five profiles (stable healthy, worsening, stable intermediate, optimizing, and stable poor sleep patterns). The outcomes were incidence of CVD including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. We assessed the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by Cox hazard models. Compared with participants with stable poor patterns, those who improved their sleep patterns or maintained healthy sleep patterns had a 26% and 32% lower risk of CVD, respectively. Stable healthy sleep pattern was associated with a 29% and 44% reduced risk of CHD and stroke. Per unit, longitudinal increment of the HSS was related to an 8% lower risk of CVD and CHD. Compared with individuals with constant HSS, those with decreased HSS had a 13% higher risk of developing CVD. Optimizing sleep patterns and maintaining a healthy sleep pattern may reduce the risk of CVD.

Effect of Shirodhara in Ardhavbhedak w.s.r. to Migraine during Pregnancy: A Review Study

The demands of today's stressful lifestyles can pose challenges during pregnancy. Elevated stress levels may lead to issues such as preterm birth, low birth weight, or developmental concerns for the baby. It's crucial for pregnant individuals to prioritize self-care, manage stress through relaxation techniques, and seek support to promote a healthier pregnancy despite the demands of contemporary life. Migraine attacks may be triggered by Stress and anxiety depression Changes in sleep patterns, such as not getting enough sleep. The reported prevalence of headache in pregnancy is as high as 35%. Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, emphasizes the balance of mind, body, and spirit. Through holistic approaches, Ayurveda promotes calmness by incorporating practices like Shirodhara. Shirodhara is a classical and a well-established ayurvedic procedure of slowly and steadily dripping medicated oil or other liquids on the forehead. It's believed to have a soothing effect, promoting relaxation and relieving stress by calming the nervous system. Shirodhara is a simple yet profound technique specifically designed to balance and stabilize the nervous system and the activities of the mind. Shirodhara is widely acclaimed for its many health benefits which better the mind and body, the most popular being its deeply relaxing properties and its ability to promote better sleep and enhance sleep quality. In this review, a conceptual study is being elaborated regarding the Shirodhara.

Bridging Gaps in Sleep Health and Dementia: Linking Sleep Disorders and Neurocognitive Health

There is growing evidence of a bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbances and disorders and cognitive function in normal and pathological aging. Not only do sleep disturbances and disorders predict and contribute to a decline in neurocognitive function, but neurodegenerative disorders impair sleep. Furthermore, sleep and rhythm disturbances may be some of the earliest symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders such as MCI, AD, and Parkinson's disease. However, the potential effects of improving sleep on mitigating decline in cognitive function are still unknown. While some of the classes of pharmaceutical agents may improve subjective sleep, they have variable effects on sleep oscillations and cognition. The effects of other approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and neuromodulation, on neurodegenerative processes are not yet fully understood.The goal of this session and panel is to educate participants about changes in sleep patterns and sleep oscillations that occur in aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mechanisms for associations between poor sleep and sleep disorders and cognitive decline and contribution to dementia, and the potential benefits of identifying and treating sleep disorders in older adults who may be at risk of developing dementia. In addition, the discussion will highlight the lack of standardized care pathways for diagnosing and treating sleep problems in older adults.

Piled-up Risk Factors: a Case Report of Diogenes Syndrome

IntroductionDiogenes Syndrome (DS) is an uncommon neurobehavioral syndrome characterized by social isolation, extreme neglect of personal care and a tendency to excessively accumulate useless objects in the home, usually leading to unsanitary living conditions. It is further characterized by a lack of insight into the condition, leading to a refusal to seek assistance.ObjectivesTo outline the clinical features of primary DS, unassociated with other psychiatric conditions, emphasizing key risk factors contributing to its development.MethodsDescriptive report of a case of DS, based on an interview with the patient, review of his clinical file, and a non-systematic literature review using the PubMed database.ResultsWe report a case of a 62-year-old man, widowed since the age of 33, without children, living alone in a rural area in the north of Portugal. Currently retired, he worked as a Philosophy Professor. He had no known psychiatric history until 2015, when he attended two psychiatric appointments, due to anxiety and changes in sleep pattern. He has since lost psychiatric follow-up and in May 2022 he was brought to the emergency department by his neighbor, due to changes in his behavior. He was seen several times rummaging trough trash and he didn’t leave the house for a few weeks, resulting in a cluttered and unsanitary living space. He looked malnourished, unkempt and dirty. Despite not recognizing his behavior as problematic, he accepted hospitalization. No obsessive-compulsive, depressive or psychotic symptoms were detected, nor were dysfunctional personality traits. Reversible causes of dementia were excluded, a cranioencephalic CT scan revealed no abnormal findings and a neuropsychological assessment showed no changes in cognitive functions. Post-discharge, local health services provided home support, with meal delivery and house cleaning. However, he did not buy the medication and canceled the home support service several times, ending up being hospitalized again. After this second hospitalization in August 2023, he went to live with his brother in another city and has remained stable, medicated with an SSRI and low dose Aripiprazole.ConclusionsPrimary Diogenes Syndrome is rare and and its etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. It is known that there is no distinction between genders, profession or socioeconomic status, and that it is more common in the elderly, single people, widowers and people with poor or non-existent social links with their local community. Familiarity with DS characteristics enables earlier recognition of such individuals, thereby facilitating prompt provision of social and clinical support in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and enhance public health.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Effects of light therapy in the anxious-depressive clinic

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is defined as a mental disorder of multifactorial etiology, which presents with mood disturbance, mainly sadness associated with loss of interest or pleasure. Light therapy (LT) is a therapeutic intervention consisting of daily exposure to a light source. This study aims to evaluate the effects of LT on anxious-depressive symptomatology and sleep in a sample of patients diagnosed with depression.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effects of LT on anxious-depressive symptomatology and sleep in a sample of patients diagnosed with depression.MethodsProspective case-control study, in which the cases are outpatients diagnosed with MDD and the controls are healthy individuals. Both groups underwent LT sessions and were assessed by means of validated scales, anxiety and depression symptoms before and after LT sessions, as well as changes in sleep patterns through a sleep measuring device.Results11 cases and 18 controls were included in the study. Of the participants, 62.1% were female and 37.9% were male. The mean age of the sample was 54.03 □ 11.55 years. There were significant case differences in the pre and post LT scores of the depression scale. There were no significant differences in the changes in superficial, deep and total sleep and in the anxiety scale scores.ConclusionsIn the sample analysed, LT has significant effects on the cases at the level of the depression scale.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

АНКЕТИРОВАНИЕ СРЕДИ СТУДЕНТОВ ОШСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА О УПОТРЕБЛЕНИИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ НАПИТКОВ

. In modern society there is a problem associated with constant evolution and acceleration of the pace of life. The increasing complexity of human activity is accompanied by increasing demands on the results of his work. This leads to a decrease in the attention paid by individuals to their lifestyle, which in turn manifests itself in a decrease in activity, partly due to the proliferation of computers, reduced leisure time, changes in sleep patterns and disruption of healthy eating principles. In response to such changes, people are turning to the consumption of energy drinks, aimed at increasing alertness and stimulating physical or mental activity, temporarily restoring energy and activating the nervous system. In this regard, the use of tonic drinks is popularized among the population of Kyrgyzstan. A particular increase in consumption is observed among young people. However, excessive consumption of such drinks can pose serious dangers. A survey was conducted among students of Osh State University to study the practice of consuming energy drinks. Students were studied in different categories: by age, by gender and by university faculties. The results showed that awareness of the dangers of these drinks varied among students of different faculties, with medical students being more likely to recognize the potential risks. By age category, young people drink much more often than other respondents; it was also noted that women rarely resort to drinking energy drinks than men. In addition, links have been found between the consumption of energy drinks and dental status: students who drink energy drinks are more likely to experience problems with caries and the need for tooth extraction, which may indicate a negative impact of these drinks on health.

Sleep characteristics and changes in sleep patterns among infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal

ObjectiveSleep undergoes major changes during the first year of life, but the characteristics of sleep among infants in low and middle-income countries are not well documented. This study describes sleep characteristics and changes in sleep patterns in infants at 6 and 12months of age from Bhaktapur, Nepal. MethodsThis was a community-based longitudinal study comprising 735 infants. Sleep characteristics were obtained by interview with the mother using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaires. The stability of sleep duration and night awakenings were estimated by logistic regression analysis. ResultsCosleeping in the parent’s bed at 6 and 12months of age was almost universal (>97%). At 6months of age, 254 (35%) and at 12months of age, 341 (46%) infants had a total 24-hour sleep duration <12 hours. Night awakenings >3 times per night were common (65%) both at 6 and 12months of age. Infants with frequent nightly awakenings at 6months had increased odds of frequent nightly awakenings at 12months (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.6, 2.9). Very few (<3%) mothers reported sleep problems in their infants at 6 and 12months of age. ConclusionsCosleeping was almost universal among Nepalese infants, and very few of the mothers reported sleep problems in their infants. Infants at 6 and 12months had similar patterns for both sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings. For infants, there were increased odds of having similar sleep duration and nocturnal awakening at 6 and 12months.

A cross-sectional observational study for ethno-geographical disparities in sleep quality, brain morphometry and cognition (a SOLACE study) in Indians residing in India, and South Asians and Europeans residing in the UK - a study protocol.

As individuals age, their sleep patterns change, and sleep disturbances can increase the risk of dementia. Poor sleep quality can be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Epidemiological studies show a connection between sleep quality and cognitive changes, with brain imaging revealing grey matter volume reduction and amyloid beta accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. However, most research has focused on Europeans, with little attention to other ethnic groups. This is a cross sectional study comparing effects across countries and ethnicities. Group 1 (n = 193) will be Indians residing in India (new participant recruitment), Group 2 will be South Asians residing in UK and group 3 will be Europeans residing in the UK. For group 2 and 3 (n = 193), data already collected by UK-based Southall and Brent REvisited (SABRE) tri-ethnic study will be used. For group 1, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI) will be used for assessment of sleep quality, Indian Council of Medical Research (Neurocognitive ToolBox) (ICMR-NCTB) for cognition testing and a 3 T MRI cerebral scan for brain morphometry. The data will be compared to sleep, cognitive function and brain MRI parameters from SABRE. Racial and ethnic differences can impact the relationships of cognitive function, sleep quality and brain structure in older adults. Earlier studies have highlighted higher prevalence of poor sleep among black individuals compared to white individuals. Genetic or epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to these variations. Socio-cultural and environmental factors, such as neighbourhood, migration, lifestyle, stress and perceived discrimination may influence sleep patterns. The aim of the study is to examine the ethnogeographic variations in sleep quality, cognitive performance and brain morphometry among Indians living in India, and South Asians and Europeans residing in the UK.

The amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain induces sleep disruptions and its nuclear localization fluctuates in circadian pacemaker neurons in Drosophila and mice

The most prominent symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cognitive decline; however, sleep and other circadian disruptions are also common in AD patients. Sleep disruptions have been connected with memory problems and therefore the changes in sleep patterns observed in AD patients may also actively contribute to cognitive decline. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that connect sleep disruptions and AD are unclear. A characteristic feature of AD is the formation of plaques consisting of Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides generated by cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Besides Aβ, APP cleavage generates several other fragments, including the APP intracellular domain (AICD) that has been linked to transcriptional regulation and neuronal homeostasis. Here we show that overexpression of the AICD reduces the early evening expression of two core clock genes and disrupts the sleep pattern in flies. Analyzing the subcellular localization of the AICD in pacemaker neurons, we found that the AICD levels in the nucleus are low during daytime but increase at night. While this pattern of nuclear AICD persisted with age, the nighttime levels were higher in aged flies. Increasing the cleavage of the fly APP protein also disrupted AICD nuclear localization. Lastly, we show that the day/nighttime nuclear pattern of the AICD is also detectable in neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mice and that it also changes with age. Together, these data suggest that AD-associated changes in APP processing and the subsequent changes in AICD levels may cause sleep disruptions in AD.

Sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with physical activity and screen time among Brazilian college students.

As a result of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in sleep patterns have been observed in many countries, as well as changes in physical activity and screen time. The objective was to investigate sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with physical activity and screen time. Cross-sectional study with students from a University in Rio de Janeiro who answered an online questionnaire between August 2020 and March 2021. Physical activity was assessed using IPAQ-SF. Sleep was investigated based on questions about duration and sleep quality change, and screen time through self-reported questions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the association between physical activity and screen time with sleep duration and quality. Secondary analyses investigated the influence of the isolation time on this association. The confounding factors used were diagnosis of COVID-19, time of isolation, anxiety, depression, skin color, and gender. A total of 771 college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (±8.6) answered the questionnaire. About 75% reported more than 8 h of screen time per day and 49.8% were physically inactive. Regarding sleep, 54.9% had worsening sleep, while 40.6% had inadequate sleep duration during the pandemic. Physical activity was associated with improved sleep quality (Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-2.97). Also, physically active students who spent more than 14 weeks in social isolation demonstrated improved sleep quality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.78) compared to physically inactive individuals. No association was observed for sleep duration. No association was observed between screen time and sleep quality, or sleep duration. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable worsening of sleep quality, and physical activity was positively associated with improved sleep quality.

Delayed Sleep Midpoint Across Pregnancy Is Associated with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain.

Background: Changes in sleep patterns and body weight occur during pregnancy, yet it is unclear whether sleep patterns are related to gestational weight gain (GWG). This study examined the relationship between maternal sleep across pregnancy and excessive GWG. Methods: Participants from the Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health (MARCH) cohort study, who had singleton births and provided information on fall-asleep and wake-up times during early (first or second) and the third trimesters, were included (n = 372). Changes in sleep duration and sleep midpoints throughout pregnancy were calculated. Prepregnancy weight and the last maternal weight before delivery were used to calculate GWG, which was categorized into groups (inadequate, adequate, and excessive). Poisson regression models were used to examine associations between sleep changes and excessive GWG, adjusted for age, race, gestational age, prepregnancy body mass index, income, fetus gender, physical activity, added sugar, and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: Excessive GWG was observed in 46.5% of women, and was more common among those with prepregnancy obesity (p < 0.001). Women who delayed sleep midpoint by 1 hour (or more) from the early trimester assessment to the third trimester experienced higher risk of excessive GWG (Risk ratio: 1.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.7). Single time points of sleep duration and sleep midpoint or changes in sleep duration were not related to GWG. Conclusions: Delay in sleep midpoint from early-mid pregnancy to the third trimester was associated with excessive GWG. Health professionals should consider changes in sleep patterns during pregnancy to identify those prone to excessive GWG.

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on weight gain and lifestyle behavior in school age children and adolescents, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have significantly impacted the lifestyle behaviors of children and adolescents worldwide. The present study aimed to study the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on weight gain and lifestyle behavior in school-age children and adolescents, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study looked into the lifestyle behaviors of 597 children and adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Data on weight gain, dietary habits, physical activity levels, screen time, sleep patterns, school performance, psychological state, and demographic characteristics were collected through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were conducted to explore associations between lifestyle factors and participant characteristics. Results: The mean age of the participants was 13.8 years (SD = 2) and with a mean BMI of 23.05 kg/m2 (SD = 4.77). The sample consisted of 398 females (66.7%) and 199 males (33.3%). The majority of participants reported weight gain during the lockdown, with significant increases in the consumption of fast/junk food and screen time. Physical activity levels decreased, while sedentary behaviors increased. Sleep disturbances and changes in sleep patterns were common, along with shifts to online learning. School performance varied, with some participants experiencing declines. Psychological impacts included increased stress and preferences for isolation. Conclusion: The COVID-19 lockdown in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, led to significant changes in lifestyle behaviors among children and adolescents, including increased weight gain, sedentary behaviors, screen time, and sleep disturbances. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote healthy behaviors and support the well-being of youth during and after the pandemic.

Association between sleep disturbances during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes.

To describe the changes in sleep pattern throughout pregnancy and to evaluate the relationship between sleep and adverse perinatal outcomes. Pregnant women at Qianfoshan Hospital completed questionnaires regarding their sleep during each of the three trimesters. Additionally, a subset of participants engaged in objective sleep monitoring using actigraphy devices. In the perinatal period, the following data were collected: pregnancy complications; gestational age; mode of delivery; Apgar scores for the neonate; and birth weight. The total night sleep time in the second trimester was about 15 minutes shorter than that in the first trimester (P=0.024), and about 31 minutes shorter in the third trimester than in the second trimester (P<0.001). The sleep efficiency in the second trimester was about 10.23% lower than in the first trimester (P<0.001), and the efficiency in the third trimester was about 5.16% lower than in the second trimester (P<0.001). The occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) was associated with sleep duration (P=0.019), sleep efficiency (P<0.001) and PSQI scores (P<0.001) in the first trimester. Furthermore, the mode of delivery was also found to be associated with sleep duration (P=0.011), sleep efficiency (P<0.001) and PSQI scores (P<0.001) in the first trimester. With the development of the pregnancy process, the sleep situation gets worse. Pregnant women's sleep situation in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of PIH and delivery mode.

Sleep Deprivation and Fatigue among Nurses Working Consecutive Night Shifts: A Prospective Observational Study.

This study aimed to identify changes in sleep patterns and fatigue levels during consecutive night shifts among shift nurses and to determine the association between sleep parameters and increased fatigue levels during work. This prospective observational study employing ecological momentary assessments was conducted using data collected from 98 shift nurses working in Korean hospitals between June 2019 and February 2021. The sleep patterns were recorded using actigraphy. The participants reported their fatigue levels at the beginning and end of each night shift in real time via a mobile link. Linear mixed models were used for the analysis. Nurses spent significantly less time in bed and had shorter sleep durations during consecutive night shifts than on off-duty days, whereas their wake times after sleep onset were much longer on off-duty days than on on-duty days. Fatigue levels were higher on the second and third night-shift days than on the first night-shift days. A shorter time spent in bed and asleep was associated with a greater increase in fatigue levels at the end of the shift than at the beginning. Nurses experience significant sleep deprivation during consecutive night shifts compared with off-duty days, and this sleep shortage is associated with a considerable increase in fatigue levels at the end of shifts. Nurse managers and administrators must ensure sufficient intershift recovery time during consecutive night shifts to increase the time spent in bed and sleeping.

Molecular targets of caffeine in the central nervous system.

Caffeine is an alkaloid obtained from plants and is one of the most consumptive drug in the form of chocolate, coffee and beverages. The potential impact of caffeine within CNS can be easily understood by mechanism of action-antagonism of adenosine receptor, calcium influx, inhibits phosphodiesterases. Adenosine a neuromodulator for adenosine receptors, which are abundantly expressed within the central nervous system. Caffeine antagonized the adenosine receptor, hence stimulate expression of dopamine. It plays pivotal role in many metabolic pathways within the brain and nervous system, it reduced the amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) accumulation, downregulation of tau protein phosphorylation, stimulate cholinergic neurons and inhibits the acetylcholinestrase (AChE). It also possess antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity. Caffeine act as nutraceutical product, improves mental health. It contains antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements, by reducing the risk factor of several neurodegenerations including Alzheimer's disease, migraine, gallstone, cancer, Huntington's disease and sclerosis. This act as a stimulant and have capability to increase the effectiveness of certain pain killer. Beside positive affects, over-consumption of caffeine leads to negative impact: change in sleep pattern, hallucinations, high blood pressure, mineral loss and even heartburn. This chapter highlights pros and cons of caffeine consumption.

Sex- and strain-dependent effects of ageing on sleep and activity patterns in Drosophila.

The fruit fly Drosophila is a major discovery platform in the biology of ageing due to its balance of relatively short lifespan and relatively complex physiology and behaviour. Previous studies have suggested that some important phenotypes of ageing, for instance increasingly fragmented sleep, are shared from humans to Drosophila and can be useful measures of behavioural change with age: these phenotypes therefore hold potential as readouts of healthy ageing for genetic or pharmacological interventions aimed at the underpinning biology of ageing. However, some age-related phenotypes in Drosophila show differing results among studies, leading to questions regarding the source of discrepancies among experiments. In this study, I have tested females and males from three common laboratory strains of Drosophila to determine the extent to which sex and background strain influence age-related behavioural changes in sleep and activity patterns. Surprisingly, I find that some phenotypes-including age-related changes in total activity, total sleep, and sleep fragmentation-depend strongly on sex and strain, to the extent that some phenotypes show opposing age-related changes in different sexes or strains. Conversely, I identify other phenotypes, including age-related decreases in morning and evening anticipation, that are more uniform across sexes and strains. These results reinforce the importance of controlling for background strain in both behavioural and ageing experiments, and they imply that caution should be used when drawing conclusions from studies on a single sex or strain of Drosophila. At the same time, these findings also offer suggestions for behavioural measures that merit further investigation as potentially more consistent phenotypes of ageing.

Changes of adolescent sleep patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised numerous concerns regarding its effects on individuals' health and lifestyle. We aim to analyze potential changes in adolescent sleep patterns from before and during the pandemic and identify specific predictors of changes. A subgroup of adolescents from a population-based birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil, was assessed pre-pandemic (T1, November-2019 to March-2020) and peri-pandemic (T2, August-2021 to December-2021) in in-person interviews (n = 1,949). Sleep parameters, including sleep duration and latency time on workdays and free days, as well as social jetlag (SJL), were assessed using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). Socio-demographic, pre-pandemic, and pandemic-related predictors were analyzed. Changes in sleep parameters from T1 to T2 were estimated by multivariate latent change score modeling. The latent change factor shows a significant mean increase in workday sleep duration (M = 0.334, p < 0.001), workday sleep latency (M = 0.029, p = 0.002), and free day sleep latency (M = 0.021, p = 0.034), and a decreased in SJL (M = -0.758, p < 0.001) during the pandemic. Female adolescents presented higher increases in workday sleep duration. Adolescents who adopted a stricter social distancing level during the pandemic presented greater increases in workday sleep duration and smaller reductions in SJL. Self-evaluated insomnia during the pandemic predicted lower increases in workday and free day sleep duration and higher increases in workday and free day sleep latency. The COVID-19 outbreak brought certain advantages regarding increased sleep duration and reduced SJL. However, the observed increase in sleep latency and the influence of self-reported insomnia could be related to psychological distress inherent to the pandemic.

Detecting major depressive disorder presence using passively-collected wearable movement data in a nationally-representative sample

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder, resulting in challenges with early detection. However, changes in sleep and movement patterns may help improve detection. Thus, this study aimed to explore the utility of wrist-worn actigraphy data in combination with machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques to detect MDD using a commonly used screening method: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants (N = 8,378; MDD Screening = 766 participants) completed the and wore Actigraph GT3X+ for one week as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Leveraging minute-level, actigraphy data, we evaluated the efficacy of two commonly used ML approaches and identified actigraphy-derived biomarkers indicative of MDD. We employed two ML modeling strategies: (1) a traditional ML approach with theory-driven feature derivation, and (2) a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, coupled with gramian angular field transformation. Findings revealed movement-related features to be the most influential in the traditional ML approach and nighttime movement to be the most influential in the CNN approach for detecting MDD. Using a large, nationally-representative sample, this study highlights the potential of using passively-collected, actigraphy data for understanding MDD to better improve diagnosing and treating MDD.

Sleep Quality and Its Related Factors Among Older Adults in Malayer City: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: With age, major changes in sleep pattern and structure occur that causes sleep disturbances and frequent complaints resulting from it. The aim of this study was to determine sleep quality and its related factors among the older adults of Malayer city, west of Iran. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted on 298 elderly people in Malayer city. The participants were selected by multi-stage random sampling from the elderly referring to comprehensive health centers in Malayer city. The data collection tool included demographic characteristics and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 using independent t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 68.3±6.7 years. According to the results, 25.5% of the elderly did not have a desirable sleep quality and were suspicious of sleep disorders. Also, there is a statistically significant association between age, number of children and having an underlying disease with sleep quality (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the sleep quality of a significant part of the older adults is poor, so it seems necessary to emphasize the importance of performing sleep hygiene behaviors.

SOCIAL DISPARITIES IN SLEEP PATTERNS AMONG US ADULTS IN MID AND OLDER ADULTHOOD

Abstract As the U.S. population ages, understanding social disparities in sleep among older adults is paramount. Even as humans physiologically require sleep, sleep duration decreases, and insomnia increases throughout older adulthood. Further, the implications of sleep related conditions (e.g., heart disease) are elevated in older adulthood. Importantly, these changes in sleep patterns throughout older adulthood are distributed in a manner that reflects broader social inequities, as quality sleep is contingent upon resources that are distributed unequally across society (e.g., time, stress, quiet, comfort, access to quality medical care). The inequities in sleep have profound implications for intergenerational social inequality, well-being, and longevity. Novel results regarding social based sleep disparities by gender, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment among older adults from the Health and Retirement Study and the National Health Interview Survey will be presented. The profound implications of sleep disparities and potential interventions will also be discussed.