Changes In Permeability Research Articles

Multi-Parameter Experimental Investigation on the Characteristics of Acidizing Effectiveness in High-Temperature Carbonate Formation

Carbonate formation is the key reservoir in Sichuan Basin for natural gas development. Compared with the early stage of development, the burial depth of targeted formation becomes deeper, and the formation temperature gets higher. So, the characteristics of acidizing effectiveness in high-temperature carbonate formations make this evaluation slightly difficult. Currently, it is common that a single parameter is considered to study acidizing effectiveness by simulation and experiment methods. In this paper, for a more accurate investigation of acidizing effectiveness, multiple parameters, including permeability change rate, fracture conductivity, and surface roughness, were introduced by a series of experiments. It is revealed that the permeability change rate is more than 57% when using gelled acid. As the amount of diverting agent increases in diverting acid, the viscosity of the acid grows to its peak with the reaction, making it easier to block the high permeability core temporarily and divert to acidify the low permeability core, where the permeability change rate of the low permeability core goes from 51.6% to 64.2%, which shows well acidizing effectiveness. In addition, the short-term and long-term conductivity of the samples from the three different formations are more than 200 mD∙m under high closure stress. The conductivity of Maokou Formation is the largest due to its high content of carbonate minerals and high dissolution rate. And the results of long-term conductivity are consistent with those of surface roughness, making the evaluation results more reliable for acidizing effectiveness. It is worth noting that temperature is a factor that cannot be ignored in the evaluation of acidizing effectiveness because it has a great influence on the performance of the acid system, such as viscosity and the reaction-reduced rate, leading to an acidizing effectiveness affect. So, the temperature resistance of an acid system is important as well.

Membrane-Targeting Amphiphilic Honokiol Derivatives Containing an Oxazole Moiety as Potential Antibacterials against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are becoming increasingly serious, making the development of novel antimicrobials urgent. Here, we synthesized some amphiphilic honokiol derivatives bearing an oxazole moiety and investigated their antibacterial and hemolytic activities. Bioactivity evaluation showed that E17 possessed significant in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA, along with low hemolytic activity. Moreover, E17 exhibited rapid bactericidal properties and was not susceptible to resistance. Mechanistic studies indicated that E17 interacts with phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin of bacterial cell membranes, leading to changes in cell membrane permeability and polarization, increased intracellular ROS, and leakage of DNA and proteins, thus accelerating bacterial death. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that E17 has membrane-targeting effects, affecting the expression of genes related to cell membranes and ABC transporter proteins. Notably, in vivo activity showed that E17 has prominent anti-MRSA efficacy, comparable to vancomycin, and is expected to be a new anti-MRSA drug candidate.

Threshold Determination for Effective Water Injection in Coal Seams: Insights from Numerical Simulation

Coal seam water injection is the most basic and effective dust control technology used on the coal mining face. Numerical simulations are helpful for predicting the humidity range of coal seam water injection. The results can provide guidance for the field design of coal seam water injection process parameters. In order to understand the influence of coal seam water injection pressure and water injection time on the coal seam wetting effect, this paper uses the Fluent 17.0 software system to study the process parameters of the coal seam water injection seepage process under different conditions. It is found that in the process of coal seam water injection, with the increase in water injection pressure and the prolongation of water injection time, there is a specific threshold value for the change in coal seam permeability. Only when the water injection pressure and time increase to the threshold value will the permeability of the coal seam be significantly enhanced and the wetting effect improved. The pressure threshold of the mine is 15 MPa–20 MPa, and the time threshold is the first 42 h.

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Taxillμs chinensis (DC.) Danser and Its Active Ingredients

Taxillμs chinensis (DC.) Danser is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It has not been reported regarding antibacterial active ingredients and mechanisms of action. However, the Chinese patent medicine Yinhua Miyanling Tablets containing Taxillμs chinensis has an obvious anti-infective effect in our patent. Therefore, we speculate that Taxillμs chinensis may have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this paper is to study the antibacterial effect and mechanism of Taxillμs chinensis and find active compounds with antibacterial activity and a mechanism. We studied the antibacterial effect and mechanism of Taxillμs chinensis extract. The compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of Taxillμs chinensis were preliminarily identified by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Above all, the antibacterial effect and antibacterial mechanism of the active components of Taxillμs chinensis were determined. Finally, we found, for the first time, that Taxillμs chinensis has a good antibacterial effect and ethyl acetate extract has the best effect. In addition, we found, for the first time, that it has an active component, 4-indolecarbaldehyde, and the component has a good broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Above all, the active chemical 4-indolecarbaldehyde of Taxillμs chinensis can destroy the bacterial structure, make it unable to maintain normal morphology, and significantly increase the number of deaths. In short, Taxillμs chinensis has an antibacterial effect, and one of its main antibacterial components is 4-indolecarbaldehyde. The antibacterial mechanism of Taxillμs chinensis and 4-indolecarbaldehyde is related to the change in bacterial membrane permeability.

Analysis of Relationship between Microwave Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Structure of Permalloy Films

Changes in the microwave permeability of permalloy films with an increase in the film thickness are studied. Measurement data on the evolution of microwave permeability with film thickness are analyzed in the framework of a model for the film with a regular stripe domain structure and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. A correlation between the microwave magnetic properties and magnetic structure of permalloy films is established. It is demonstrated that the observed decrease in the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and the static permeability with a growth in the film thickness can ascribed to the appearance of perpendicular anisotropy and the formation of a stripe domain structure. The calculated dependences of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and static permeability on the film thickness are in reasonable agreement with the measurement results. Based on the analysis of these dependences, the domain width in the permalloy films is estimated. It is found that for thick permalloy films, the domain width is of the order of the film thickness. The results obtained may be useful for high-frequency applications of soft magnetic films.

The clogging effect of nanoscale zero valent iron corrosion in bicarbonate anaerobic water on porous media: A real-time pore-scale visualization

The corrosion-induced permeability changes of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) are one of the crucial factors constraining the successful application of NZVI in the remediation of contaminated groundwater. It is of great significance to study the dynamic evolution of corrosion products of NZVI after NZVI is injected into porous media and its influence on pore plugging effect from the pore scale. Micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) imaging technology, mineralogical characterization and theoretical calculations were used to understand the details of NZVI corrosion plugging porous media at the pore scale. This study reveals the factors of NZVI corrosion plugging porous media, namely, gas production (H2) in the early and middle stages of corrosion (before 90 days) and solid phase changes (NZVI volume increase and migration) in the later stages (after 90 days). The permeability loss rate of the porous media was 66.8%, 87.3%, 79.4%, and 53.6% at the corrosion times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days, respectively. After 90 d of corrosion, the particle size of NZVI increases by 7.9%, and the secondary minerals formed by corrosion are mainly Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 and FeOOH. In addition, this study also found that the migration of NZVI after 90 d was due to its corrosion reducing the magnetic attraction between particles, dissociating into smaller particles or agglomerates under the action of fluid dynamics, resulting in its redistribution in the porous medium and causing blockage. This study clarifies that NZVI corrosion plays a vital influence in affecting the permeability and clogging of porous media, providing valuable guidance for optimizing NZVI-based remediation technologies.

A Review on Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and its Association with Obesity

Worldwide, Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) are common, although their prevalence varies among cultures, ethnic groups, and geographic regions. FGIDs, now referred to as Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions (DGBIs), encompass a variety of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms that are not related to structural or morphological abnormalities. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Functional Dyspepsia are two of the most common examples of FGIDs. According to the Rome IV criteria established in 2016, these disorders are classified based on specific diagnostic guidelines. The Rome Foundation is expected to launch the updated Rome V criteria in 2026. IBS is one of the most common types of FGID. The causes of IBS include a range of factors such as dietary habits, psychological influences, and genetic predispositions. The role of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been identified in the development of IBS. Due to gender differences, it is anticipated that the symptoms and treatment approaches for men and women with IBS may vary. Studies have shown that IBS is more frequent in women than in men. Various treatment strategies are used for the management of IBS, including medications (such as laxatives, antidepressants, and analgesics), lifestyle modifications, and herbal approaches. Increasing emphasis is being placed on plant-based products and probiotics. Management often differs from one individual to another; a treatment that works for one person may not be effective for another. Different studies have suggested an association between obesity and FGIDs, particularly IBS. Some research indicates that obesity could exacerbate the inflammatory processes associated with IBS, while other studies suggest a bidirectional link between IBS and obesity. Common pathophysiological features found in both obesity and IBS include alterations in the gut microbiome, changes in intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity, and low-grade inflammation.

Evolution of Permeability and Sensitivity Analysis of Gas-Bearing Coal under Cyclic Dynamic Loading

It is imperative to conduct experimental studies on the seepage behavior of gas-bearing coal under cyclic dynamic loading conditions. This paper focuses on the evolution of coal permeability under the combined effects of dynamic loading, static loading, and gas adsorption. The principal conclusions are as follows: (1) As the frequency and amplitude of dynamic loading increase, the development of pore and fissure structures within the coal body becomes increasingly pronounced during dynamic loading cycles, resulting in a gradual rise in permeability. Notably, as the coal approaches its yielding stage, the permeability can increase by up to 47%. (2) The permeability curve is divided into four regions: the compaction reduction zone, the oscillation zone, the gradual recovery zone, and the abrupt failure increase zone. Ultimately, in the failure phase, the permeability surges dramatically, potentially reaching four to five times the initial permeability. (3) When the static loading stage and dynamic load are constant, the rate of change in coal permeability decreases with increasing adsorption amounts. When the adsorption amount is constant, the rate of change in permeability of the coal under dynamic loading increases with the increase in the static loading stress stage, with the maximum increase reaching 75.2%. It can be concluded from the rate of change in permeability and the dynamic loading sensitivity coefficient that the permeability of coal is highly sensitive to cyclic dynamic loading, with increased sensitivity associated with larger static loading stages and decreased sensitivity with greater adsorption amounts.

Damage Evaluation of Unconsolidated Sandstone Particle Migration Reservoir Based on Well–Seismic Combination

The primary factor constraining the performance of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs is blockage from particle migration, which reduces the capacity of liquid production. By utilizing logging, seismic, core–testing, and oil–well production data, the reservoir damage induced by particle migration in the Bohai A oilfield was characterized and predicted through combined well–seismic methods. This research highlights the porosity, permeability, median grain diameter, and pore structure as the primary parameters influencing reservoir characteristics. Based on their permeability differences, reservoirs can be categorized into Type I (permeability ≥ 800 mD), Type II (400 mD < permeability < 800 mD), and Type III (permeability ≤ 400 mD). The results of the core displacement experiments revealed that, compared to their initial states, the permeability change rates for Type I and Type II reservoirs exceeded 50%, whereas the permeability change rate for Type III reservoirs surpassed 200%. Furthermore, by combining this quantitative relationship model with machine learning techniques and well–seismic methods, the distribution of permeability change rates caused by particle migration across the entire region was successfully predicted and validated against production data from three oil wells. In addition, to build a reliable deep learning model, a sensitivity analysis of the hyperparameters was conducted to determine the activation function, optimizer, learning rate, and neurons. This method enhances the prediction efficiency of reservoir permeability changes in offshore oilfields with limited coring data, providing important decision support for reservoir protection and field development.

Alterations in microbiota-metabolism-circRNA crosstalk in autism spectrum disorder-like behaviours caused by maternal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in mice

Epidemiological evidence indicates exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) increases the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The gut microbiota has been found to influence ASD behaviours through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the underlying links between early life GBH exposure and ASD-like phenotypes through the microbiota-gut-brain axis remain unclear. Therefore, we exposed mice to low-dose GBH (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 %) and determined the effects on ASD-like behaviours. Furthermore, three kinds of omics (gut microbiomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics) were conducted to investigate the effects of GBH exposure on gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using a cross-generational mouse model. Behavioural analyses suggested social impairment and repetitive/stereotypic behaviours in the GBH-exposed offspring. Furthermore, maternal exposure to glyphosate significantly altered the ASD-associated gut microbiota of offspring, and ASD-associated gut metabolites were identified. Specifically, we found that alterations in the gut microenvironment may contribute to changes in gut permeability and the blood-brain barrier, which are related to changes in the levels of circRNAs in the PFC. Our results suggest a potential effect of circRNAs through the disruption of the gut-brain interaction, which is an important factor in the pathogenesis of ASD in offspring induced by maternal exposure to GBH.

Antifungal effect of cinnamon essential oil against Penicillium oxalicum on rice noodles.

Plant essential oils have been extensively investigated for their application in food industry due to their broad antimicrobial spectrum and safety. However, rare studies investigated their application in decontaminating rice noodles from fungal contamination. In this study, the cinnamon essential oil was screened out among 12 species of plant essential oils, and its antifungal activity against Penicillium oxalicum isolated from rice noodles was investigated. Our study revealed that cinnamon essential oil inhibited the spore germination in a concentration-dependent manner, and a dosage of 0.025% (v/v) could entirely disable the spore germination. The disruption of the fungal plasma membrane was evidenced by the change of plasma membrane permeability and the leakage of cellular components. The cinnamon essential oil in vapor phase (0.00625% [v/v]) could totally inhibit the growth of fungi inoculated on rice noodles. In addition to the potential application in inactivating fungi germination on rice noodles, this study also demonstrated the feasibility of cinnamon essential as an environmental disinfectant. This study is the first report that cinnamon essential oil has been studied for decontaminating rice noodles from fungal contamination with P. oxalicum, which not only broadens the application field of plant essential oil but also provides an alternative approach for rice noodle preservation.

Understanding the Importance of Blood-Brain Barrier Alterations in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and Implications for Treatment: A Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced-MRI-Based Prospective Study.

The major clinical implication of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. There is a growing body of experimental evidence proving that inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction are involved in both the clinical course of the disease and the risk of bleeding. However, how bAVM treatment affects perilesional BBB disturbances is yet unclear. We assessed the permeability changes of the BBB using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in a series of bAVMs (n = 35), before and at a mean of 5 (±2) days after treatment. A set of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) (n = 16) was used as a control group for the assessment of the surgical-related collateral changes. The extended Tofts pharmacokinetic model was used to extract permeability (Ktrans) values in the lesional, perilesional, and normal brain tissues. In patients with bAVM, the permeability of BBB was higher in the perilesional of bAVM tissue compared with the rest of the brain parenchyma (mean Ktrans 0.145 ± 0.104 vs 0.084 ± 0.035, P = .004). Meanwhile, no significant changes were seen in the perilesional brain of CCM cases (mean Ktrans 0.055 ± 0.056 vs 0.061 ± 0.026, P = .96). A significant decrease in BBB permeability was evident in the perilesional area of bAVM after surgical resection (mean Ktrans 0.145 ± 0.104 vs 0.096 ± 0.059, P = .037). This benefit in BBB permeability reduction after surgery seemed to surpass the relative increase in permeability inherent to the surgical manipulation. In contrast to CCMs, BBB permeability in patients with bAVM is increased in the perilesional parenchyma, as assessed using DCE-MRI. However, bAVM surgical resection seems to reduce BBB permeability in the perilesional tissue. No evidence of the so-called breakthrough phenomenon was detected in our series. DCE-MRI could become a valuable tool to follow the longitudinal course of BBB damage throughout the natural history and clinical course of bAVMs.

The Kynurenine Pathway in Gut Permeability and Inflammation.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a crucial communication network linking the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS). The gut microbiota significantly influences metabolic, immune, and neural functions by generating a diverse array of bioactive compounds that modulate brain function and maintain homeostasis. A pivotal mechanism in this communication is the kynurenine pathway, which metabolises tryptophan into various derivatives, including neuroactive and neurotoxic compounds. Alterations in gut microbiota composition can increase gut permeability, triggering inflammation and neuroinflammation, and contributing to neuropsychiatric disorders. This review elucidates the mechanisms by which changes in gut permeability may lead to systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, with a focus on the kynurenine pathway. We explore how probiotics can modulate the kynurenine pathway and reduce neuroinflammation, highlighting their potential as therapeutic interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders. The review integrates experimental data, discusses the balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective kynurenine metabolites, and examines the role of probiotics in regulating inflammation, cognitive development, and gut-brain axis functions. The insights provided aim to guide future research and therapeutic strategies for mitigating GI complaints and their neurological consequences.

The Time-Varying Characteristics of Relative Permeability in Oil Reservoirs with Gas Injection

Relative permeability is a critical parameter in reservoir numerical simulation and production prediction, intimately associated with reservoir architecture and fluid property. During gas injection development, substantial alterations in reservoir properties and fluid phase behavior induce dynamic changes in relative permeability. Clearly characterizing the time-varying features of relative permeability is very useful for an understanding of how gas injection influences fluid mobility within the reservoir and enhances recovery rates. In this paper, core displacement experiments are firstly conducted to obtain the characteristics of the relative permeability of oil and gas under various development stages and displacement conditions, further delineating the comprehensive shifts in reservoir properties at different gas injection stages. Subsequently, a novel reservoir numerical simulation method is proposed that considers the spatial and temporal segmentation of relative permeability curves in the reservoir simulation. Finally, a practical application is presented to clarify the effects of injection and production parameters on the development performance of gas flooding oil reservoirs. The results show the following: (i) Significant time-varying characteristics of relative permeability occur throughout gas injection development, in the early stages of gas injection, where most of the reservoir is at the gas injection front, and a rightward shift in relative oil and gas permeability indicates that gas injection promotes oil mobility. Conversely, in the later stages of gas injection, as the reservoir reaches the trailing edge of gas injection, the change trend in relative oil and gas permeability reverses, shifting leftward, thereby exacerbating the gas breakout phenomena. (ii) Increasing the rate of gas injection causes relative oil and gas permeability to move leftward, effectively enhancing the gas volume sweep coefficient and microscopic oil displacement efficiency at lower injection speeds while reducing development performance at higher injection speeds. (iii) An increase in gas injection pressure causes relative oil and gas permeability to shift rightward, and although it reduces residual oil saturation and enhances microscopic oil displacement efficiency, it also intensifies gas breakout phenomena and lowers the gas volume sweep coefficient. This paper provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the design of gas injection strategies, optimization of injection and production parameters, and production forecasting.

Measurement of blood-brain barrier water exchange rate using diffusion-prepared and multi-echo arterial spin labelling: Comparison of quantitative values and age dependence.

Water exchange rate (Kw) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important physiological parameter that may provide new insight into ageing and neurodegenerative disease. Recently, two non-invasive arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI methods have been developed to measure Kw, but results from the different methods have not been directly compared. Furthermore, the association of Kw with age for each method has not been investigated in a single cohort. Thirty participants (70% female, 63.8 ± 10.4years) were scanned at 3T with Diffusion-Prepared ASL (DP-ASL) and Multi-Echo ASL (ME-ASL) using previously implemented acquisition and analysis protocols. Grey matter Kw, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) were extracted. CBF values were consistent; approximately 50 ml/min/100 g for both methods, and a strong positive correlation in CBF from both methods across participants (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). ATT was significantly different between methods (on average 147.7ms lower when measured with DP-ASL compared to ME-ASL) but was positively correlated across participants (r = 0.39, p < 0.05). Significantly different Kw values of 106.6±19.7min-1 and 306.8±71.7min-1 were measured using DP-ASL and ME-ASL, respectively, and DP-ASL Kw and ME-ASL Kw were negatively correlated across participants (r = -0.46, p < 0.01). Kw measured using ME-ASL had a significant linear relationship with age (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DP-ASL and ME-ASL provided estimates of Kw with significantly different quantitative values and inconsistent dependence with age. We propose future standardisation of modelling and fitting methods for DP-ASL and ME-ASL, to evaluate the effect on Kw quantification. Also, sensitivity and bias analyses should be performed for both approaches, to assess the effect of varying acquisition and fitting parameters. Lastly, comparison with independent measures of BBB water transport, and with physiological and clinical biomarkers known to be associated with changes in BBB permeability, are essential to validate the ASL methods, and to demonstrate their clinical utility.

Utilizing pigs as a model for studying intestinal barrier function

Abstract Intestinal permeability has been extensively studied, particularly in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, food allergy, visceral disease, celiac disease, and Crohn’s disease. These studies have established that changes in intestinal permeability contribute to the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. While numerous works in the 20th century focused on this topic, it remains relevant for several reasons. Despite the development of new research techniques, it is still unclear whether changes in intestinal permeability are the primary mechanism initiating the disease process or if they occur secondary to an ongoing chronic inflammatory process. Investigating the possibility of stabilizing the intestinal barrier, thereby reducing its permeability preemptively to prevent damage and after the damage has occurred, may offer new therapeutic approaches. Increased intestinal permeability is believed to lead to reduced nutrient absorption, resulting in decreased immunity and production of digestive enzymes.

Antivirulence activities of Rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is an infectious bacterium that is frequently found in healthcare settings and the community. This study aimed to prepare rutin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Rut-CS NPs) and assess their antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of S. aureus.ResultsThe synthesized Rut-CS NPs exhibited an amorphous morphology with a size ranging from 160 to 240 nm and a zeta potential of 37.3 mV. Rut-CS NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus strains. Following exposure to Rut-CS NPs, the production of staphyloxanthin pigment decreased by 43.31–89.63%, leading to increased susceptibility of S. aureus to hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, visual inspection of cell morphology indicated changes in membrane integrity and permeability upon Rut-CS NPs exposure, leading to a substantial increase (107.07–191.08%) in cytoplasmic DNA leakage in the strains. Furthermore, ½ MIC of Rut-CS NPs effectively inhibited the biofilm formation (22.5–37.5%) and hemolytic activity (69–82.59%) in the S. aureus strains.ConclusionsOur study showcases that Rut-CS NPs can serve as a novel treatment agent to combat S. aureus infections by altering cell morphology and inhibiting virulence factors of S. aureus.

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI Mapping of Vascular Permeability for Evaluation of Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response Using Image-to-Image Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks.

Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that has become a quantitative standard for assessing tumor microvascular permeability. Through the application of a pharmacokinetic (PK) model to a series of T1-weighed MR images acquired after an injection of a contrast agent, several vascular permeability parameters can be quantitatively estimated. These parameters, including Ktrans, a measure of capillary permeability, have been widely implemented for assessing tumor vascular function as well as tumor therapeutic response. However, conventional PK modeling for translation of DCE MRI to PK vascular permeability parameter maps is complex and time-consuming for dynamic scans with thousands of pixels per image. In recent years, image-to-image conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) is emerging as a robust approach in computer vision for complex cross-domain translation tasks. Through a sophisticated adversarial training process between two neural networks, image-to-image cGANs learn to effectively translate images from one domain to another, producing images that are indistinguishable from those in the target domain. In the present study, we have developed a novel image-to-image cGAN approach for mapping DCE MRI data to PK vascular permeability parameter maps. The DCE-to-PK cGAN not only generates high-quality parameter maps that closely resemble the ground truth, but also significantly reduces computation time over 1000-fold. The utility of the cGAN approach to map vascular permeability is validated using open-source breast cancer patient DCE MRI data provided by The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). This data collection includes images and pathological analyses of breast cancer patients acquired before and after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Importantly, in good agreement with previous studies leveraging this dataset, the percentage change of vascular permeability Ktrans derived from the DCE-to-PK cGAN enables early prediction of responders to NACT.

P02-39 Doxorubicin induced change in filtration permeability in podocytes and glomerular microvascular endothelial cells in co-culture at physiological oxygen tensions

P02-39 Doxorubicin induced change in filtration permeability in podocytes and glomerular microvascular endothelial cells in co-culture at physiological oxygen tensions

Azobenzene-based liposomes with nanomechanical action for cytosolic chemotherapeutic drug delivery

The stimuli-responsive nano-carriers are at the forefront of research in nanotechnology and materials science. These advanced systems are designed to alter their physicochemical properties upon exposure to specific stimuli, enabling controllable and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, limited endosomal escape reduces the drug bioavailability in clinical use. We herein report azobenzene (Azo)-based liposomes, prepared by co-assembling the photoisomerizable cationic Azo lipids and helper lipids, which achieve controllable doxorubicin (Dox) release and enhanced cytosolic transport upon light irradiation. Azo lipids undergo reversible isomerization between cis-isomers and trans-isomer when received UV and visible (Vis) light irradiation, causing liposomal membrane permeability changes for controlled drug release. Moreover, the nanomechanical action created by the isomerization of Azo lipids promotes the endosomal escape of the liposomes. DSPC-Azo liposomes, with minimal Dox leakage, showed significant tumor cell killing upon irradiation. For in vivo study, we co-encapsulated the upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can convert the near-infrared (NIR) light into UV/Vis emissions, facilitating Azo units activation. UCNP/Dox-loaded DSPC-Azo liposomes inhibited tumor growth under NIR irradiation in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model.