Changes In Management Policies Research Articles

Analysis of long-term MSW settlement based on field data measured at two closed landfills

Waste settlement characteristics vary depending on waste composition, physical properties, waste management operations, and time. In this study, the post-closure waste settlement behavior was analyzed using field data measured at two closed municipal solid waste landfills in Korea, for 23 and 5 years after landfill closure. The long-term waste settlement data was analyzed to derive a time-varying long-term compression ratio (CLT) that was consistent with modeled biodegradation processes. A statistical assessment of the field data was conducted to examine the relationship between CLT and several factors that may affect the observed settlements. The CLT of Landfill #1 and #2 was found to vary between the two landfills that had differences in the percentage of organic matter (B0), total unit weight (γwaste), and moisture content (w) due to changes in waste management policies.

Weather, Climate, and Society: A Retrospective between 2009 and 2022 Using Bibliometric and Content Analysis

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the bibliometrics of articles published in Weather, Climate, and Society (WCAS) over the last 14 years (2009–22). We conducted an analysis using the Scopus database and cross-checked the WCAS online journal and obtained 577 document results (article) and then analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer, Sankey diagrams, altmetric, and content analysis. This research was conducted to show publication trends, citation rates, productivity levels, and developments in research topics at WCAS. The study results show that the 577 articles published in Weather, Climate, and Society have become references for 7106 other articles and are spread across 160 publication sources. Based on the most cited articles, five cluster topics are references for many papers, namely, climate change and environmental management policy, weather risk assessment, climate hazard assessment, anthropogenic climate change, and decision support systems. Climatic Change, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainability Switzerland are the three publications with the most citations of articles published by WCAS. Research topics related to climate change, decision-making, risk assessment, the United States, societal impacts, social science, communications/decision-making, and vulnerability are the eight most commonly discussed topics in WCAS articles. Significance Statement From 2009 to 2022, 1773 authors published WCAS articles, either individually or collaboratively, across 1350 institutional affiliations in 70 countries. Using Scopus metadata, this study employs bibliometric and content analysis to explore temporal trends, article impact metrics, citation characteristics, and topic shifts in WCAS publications over this period. The findings indicate that analyzing citations, topics, and authors aids in understanding a journal’s interdisciplinary accessibility. Notably, highly cited papers in WCAS do not necessarily score high on altmetrics, suggesting that future impact measures might integrate academic and social media metrics. Prolific authors often collaborate rather than publish solo. Dominant research topics include climate change, decision-making, risk assessment, social impacts, and U.S. issues.

Novelty, disappointment, and nostalgia in the cinema-going experience in Saltillo, México during the 1980s

In the 1980s, in Saltillo, Mexico, amid the economic transformations experienced by the city, new cinema halls emerged. These new venues were more functional and commercial, unlike the luxurious palatial theaters of previous decades. Through in-depth interviews, we explored the public’s perception of these cinemas. Our findings revealed that this perception shifted from enthusiasm and nostalgia to disappointment due to the economic and cultural transformation of these venues. It can be concluded that changes in exhibition and management policies led to a reduction in audience agency and freedom in the cinematic experience.

Racial differences in serological markers across the first year of injury in spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis of a multi-center interventional study

Study designSecondary analysis of a randomized, multi-center, placebo-controlled study(Sygen®).ObjectivesTo evaluate racial differences in serological markers in individuals with spinal cord injury(SCI) across the first year of injury.SettingHospitals in North America.MethodsSerological markers (e.g.,cell count, liver, kidney, and pancreatic function, metabolism, and muscle damage) were assessed among 316 participants (247 White, 69 Black) at admission, weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 52 post-injury. Linear mixed models were employed to explore the main effects of time, race (Black vs. White), and their interaction, with adjustment of covariates such as study center, polytrauma, injury (level, completeness), treatment group, and sex.ResultsA main effect of race was observed where White individuals had higher alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), BUN/Creatinine ratio, sodium, and chloride, while Black individuals had higher calcium, total serum protein, and platelets. For markers with interaction effects, post-hoc comparisons showed that at week 52, White individuals had higher mature neutrophils, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, albumin, and triglycerides, and Black individuals had higher amylase. Eosinophils, monocytes, red blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, cholesterol, partial thromboplastin time, urine specific gravity, urine pH, CO2, and inorganic phosphorus did not differ between races.ConclusionsOur results revealed racial differences in serological markers and underscores the importance of considering race as a determinant of physiological responses. Future studies are warranted to explore the causes and implications of these racial disparities to facilitate tailored clinical management and social policy changes that can improve health equity.

Pediatric Primary Care Billing Trends After the 2021 Evaluation and Management Coding Changes

This cross-sectional study examines the differences in billing trends for pediatric patient care compared with adult care after the 2021 evaluation and management (E/M) policy changes.

Environmentally driven migration in EU discourse: norms, policies and realities.

For decades, the European Union (EU) has been addressing issues related to climate change and ecological degradation as a self-proclaimed pro-environmental and human rights-oriented actor. Correspondingly, the topic of the so-called environmentally driven migration entered the EU discourse at the dawn of the new millennium. Considering the EU's interest in the human rights and environmental/climate issue areas, I argue it is important to ask what the Union's approach to this matter has been. Thus, this article assesses the European Union discourse related to the topic of environmental migration over the past 20-year period. Through the theoretical lens of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies and the normative power EU conception, this paper critically analyses the EU's securitisation of climate change in relation to persons referred to as environmental migrants. Based on a qualitative discourse analysis, the preliminary results imply that the topic has been receding into the background of the EU agenda. In line, environmental migrants have been pushed aside by a multiplicity of other subjects threatened by climate change, thus receiving lesser attention in the EU climate change and migration management policies. Overall, the findings show a shift from an alarmist discourse to more pragmatism on the EU's behalf and a larger focus on adaptation and resilience in most affected areas. With this in mind, this article questions the normative standard the EU sets for itself when it comes to the case of environmental migrant protection.

Osteopathic Cranial Manipulation and its Possible Application in Managing Hypertension for the Optimization of Care

Context: Approximately 50% of US adults suffer from hypertension, with over 75% inadequately controlled. The baroreceptor reflex elicits vagal stimulation, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Non-invasive osteopathic cranial manipulation (OCM), including occipito-atlantal (OA) release, may enhance vagal tone. This literature review examines the potential efficacy of OCM in optimizing hypertension management by augmenting vagal tone and subsequently reducing blood pressure. Objective: To determine whether osteopathic cranial manipulation (OCM) may be utilized for blood pressure reduction and hypertension management via vagal nerve stimulation affecting the baroreceptor reflex. Specifically, we aim to investigate the effects occipito-atlantal (OA) release has on vagal tone and determine whether it has reasonable applications within hypertensive conditions. Methods: Our group searched for credible literature sources on Still OneSearch, DynaMed, Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) online databases as well as the following journals: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, and Medicines. The search strategy included keywords or a combination of keywords such as “hypertension or high blood pressure”, “baroreceptor reflex”, “vagal nerve stimulation”, and “osteopathy or osteopathic manual therapy or OMT or manual therapy or osteopathic medicine or osteopathic treatment” to discover related articles. Filters for peer reviewed sources with access to full text and publication dates between 2010 - 2023 were applied to our search, narrowing the results to only the most up-to-date information. Once studies of interest were selected, the articles were read and analyzed with pertinent components referenced throughout our literature review in accordance with AMA citation format. Altogether, this project demonstrates osteopathic significance because it emphasizes the value of osteopathic cranial manipulation (OCM), spreads awareness of Sutherland’s philosophies, and underscores the possibility of OCM applications in the treatment of hypertension. Furthermore, it describes how OCM can be used in combination with or as a safer alternative to managing hypertensive conditions, thus creating more options for providing quality healthcare. Results: This literature review sought to examine the potential efficacy of HTN management through the utilization of osteopathic cranial manipulation. In the clinical and preclinical studies of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy, it was found that a 4-week-long VNS therapy significantly decreased mean arterial pressure and the number of arrhythmic episodes in rats with salt-induced hypertension, with a potential side effect being bradycardia due to asystole. In theory, by initiating manual biomechanical alignment in the OA joint would improve vagus nerve function and thus increase parasympathetic function to the heart to reduce atrial contraction, comparable to VNS. A study examining 19 healthy, young adults who underwent cervical OMT and had their heart rates measured pre- and post-electrocardiography, revealed moderate enhancement of parasympathetic HR control. In another study of 63 subjects with hypertension who were treated with OMT for 1 year, it was found that their systolic blood pressure improved significantly. In a randomized controlled study, a combination of kneading and stretching of soft tissues and suboccipital decompression, there is an increase of 15% of parasympathetic modulation of heart rate with p=0.02. Conclusion: Research agrees that the instigation of parasympathetic activity through vagal nerve stimulation adjusts heart rate in the response to baroreceptors that detect arterial pressure changes within the heart. Giles et al demonstrated a positive relationship between the effects of OMT and acute heart rate variability. However, the relationship between heart rate and vagal activity is not linear, and has been previously difficult to clearly denote. Overall, this literature review demonstrates the significant impact hypertension has on society and the need for alternative treatments. In research conducted by Giles et al, OMT was proven to have an effect on heart rate variability in health individuals and although the research was not conducted on patients with somatic dysfunction, the data suggests that the effect on heart rate via OMT is measurable and definitive. This lends to a promising advancement in the relationship between OMT and heart rate in a diseased population. Assessment of this change in the frequency domain of autonomic control suggests necessary evaluation of the shift in sympathetic to parasympathetic states within chronic HTN patients. In evaluation of current research, it is not possible to draw a definitive conclusion about the effectiveness of OCM on the management of HTN. Future research should be conducted in the evaluation of OCM and the specific types of techniques that offer the greatest effect on both heart rate and blood pressure. Ideally these projects would determine the effectiveness of OCM through a dedicated, well-designed, controlled and blinded outcome study for the evaluation of statistically significant results. The data that would be extracted from these future studies could have profound impacts on the integration of OMT into the scheme of hypertension management and inform policy changes to enable it as a viable tool for treatment.

The Choice of the Direction of China's Research Fund Management Policy in the New Era

This paper reviews the history of changes in China's scientific research funding management policy from 1949, and outlines the characteristics of scientific research funding management in the four phases from the initial establishment of the system, the trial reform, the comprehensive reform to the deepening reform. From material-heavy to human-heavy, and from fragmentation to systematization, and based on the logic of the change of scientific research funding management policy, it proposes the optimization direction of scientific research funding management policy for the current problems in the field of scientific research funding management, such as establishing the governance system of scientific research funding management, cultivating the professional talent team of scientific research funding, strengthening the risk supervision and management of scientific research funding, and emphasizing the target performance evaluation of scientific research funding.

Assessing the Connection between Land Use Planning, Water Resources, and Global Climate Change

The complex interplay between land use planning, water resource management, and the effects of global climate change continues to attract global attention. This study assessed the connection between land use planning, water resources, and global climate change. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that was emailed to 320 professionals in the land and environmental sectors in Greece and Europe. The results showed a significant relationship between land use planning, water resources, and their policies with global climate change. It was also revealed that proper land use planning can guide the establishment of waste management systems that minimize methane emissions, and that land use planning influences agricultural practices, which, in turn, impact greenhouse gas emissions. It was also revealed that changes in precipitation patterns can lead to an increased frequency and severity of droughts, and that changes in water temperature and flow can lead to habitat loss. This study also confirmed that strong policy support helps in the conservation of land and water resources, and stakeholder engagement promotes a shared planning process, leading to commonly agreed-upon spatial measures. This study recommends that governments and policymakers should integrate climate change, land use, and water management policies to ensure a coherent and effective approach towards sustainable development.

Disaster management policy changes in Bangladesh: Drivers and factors of a shift from reactive to proactive approach

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that, while it is necessary to modify existing policy using the lessons learned from disaster events (i.e., reactive learning), this approach is insufficient on its own for dealing with ongoing and emerging climate‐induced disaster risks. Rather, we assert that policymakers must also adopt a proactive and anticipatory learning approach that would enable policy learning and policy evolution in the absence of a major disaster event. We examine drivers, actors, and processes of change in disaster‐management policy paradigms in Bangladesh. A longitudinal learning perspective is applied. We categorize disaster management (DM) policy regimes into three learning episodes: (i) reactive, (ii) transitional, and (iii) proactive. The roles of reactive and proactive learning in shifting DM policy paradigms within these learning episodes are particularly determined. Finally, five interrelated factors that triggered proactive policymaking are identified, which are: risk‐oriented policymaking; cross‐scale (i.e., lesson drawing and policy transfer) and cross‐level (i.e., from local, regional, and national experience) learning; participation of multiple stakeholders; research‐informed and knowledge‐based policymaking; and the presence of a strong advocacy group and a participatory policy process.

Integrating national integrated assessment model and land-use intensity for estimating China's terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage

Carbon emission reduction in China matters to global climate change mitigation. China has been experiencing extensive land changes, which profoundly influence terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage (TECS) and carbon emissions. Scholars have predicted influences of land changes on TECS in China with scenarios obtained from global integrated assessment models (IAMs), which lack national details. Moreover, universally existing variations in land-use intensity have not been considered when estimating influences on TECS. This study simulated changes of land-use intensity of China from 2000 to 2050 using CLUMondo under China-specified policies for sustainable development modeled by a national IAM named Threshold21-China. We proposed a more precise TECS estimation method by distinguishing land-vegetation and land-soil types. Results demonstrated that under scenario with preceding policies, the total TECS can increase by 865.5 Tg C from 2000 to 2050. Through implementing preceding policies, TECS loss by conversions from cultivated land to artificial surfaces can decline by 82 Tg C, and new TECS accumulated by increased and densified forests can increase by 73 Tg C. Mountainous and rapidly urbanizing regions are sensitively influenced and need more restrict land change management policies. This study demonstrates the significance of sustainable development policies for TECS conservation and indicates specific critical regions.

Effects of land use/cover changes on soil organic carbon stocks in Qinghai-Tibet plateau: A comparative analysis of different ecological functional areas based on machine learning methods and soil carbon pool data

Understanding the process of land use/cover changes (LUCC) can provide experience on the enhancement of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and carbon sequestration potential for different areas. This study is uniquely to divide different ecological functional areas, and originally combine the machine learning method and soil carbon pool dataset for regional comparative analysis, to compare and quantitatively analyze the drivers of LUCC and the changes in SOC stocks effected by LUCC over 30 years. The results show that topography and climate changes are the main drivers affecting LUCC in four natural areas, while soil factors and population changes do not cause significant effects. The total SOC stocks in Qinghai was increased by 71.18 Tg C and 107.19 Tg C in 0–30 cm and 0–300 cm layers, respectively, and the highest SOC stocks within 0–300 cm were in Pastoral area. Desert and Gobi area had the lowest SOC stocks in both 0–30 cm and 0–300 cm layers. SOC stocks increased in both 0–30 cm and 0–300 cm layers only in Sanjiangyuan Natural Reserve, while the Desert and Gobi area showed a decrease in both over 30 years. This study emphasizes the significant impact of grassland changes on SOC stocks, indicating the importance of considering these changes in land management and ecological protection policies. The initial and original SOC stocks of pre-LUCC may influence the SOC stocks in post-LUCC. The response of SOC stocks changes to LUCC was varies in different areas. The heterogeneity of different ecological functional areas is affected by multiple factors and SOC stocks will become more complex among these areas in the future. These findings contribute to the development of ecological protection policies and the enhancement of regional land management strategies.

State management of disaster prevention of Soc Trang province in the period 2010-2020

Saltwater intrusion has caused difficulties to people’s lives and water resources management at all levels in Soc Trang province. The management of water resources against the impact of saline intrusion is important and necessary in today's context. The study conducted an assessment of changes in state management policies in the context of salinity intrusion in Soc Trang province in the period 2010-2020 based on principle 7, section a general assessment framework. Secondary data were collected through the government communication portal of Soc Trang province portal, while primary data was obtained through the Key Informant Panel (KIP) on state management of natural disaster prevention and control. The findings show that Soc Trang province has issued state management policies for the prevention and control of saline intrusion during periods of severe salinity, which has solved the problem of negative impact on agricultural production of the province. In addition, local people affected by saltwater intrusion receive support from the state budget to help reduce difficulties caused by saltwater intrusion. However, the promulgation of the policy still has some shortcomings such as people benefiting from the policy not timely and fully at a certain time.

State of the field of domestic solid waste management in Ukraine

It was determined that the current state of the field of solid household waste management in Ukraine is: focused on the landfilling of solid household waste, its placement in landfills and spontaneous landfills, most of which do not meet the requirements of environmental safety; is characterized by the lack of opportunities for separate collection and processing of solid household waste; has a low technological level and a low level of implementation of innovative technologies; is characterized by the lack of a proper recycling system (including a separate collection system); limited by approaches to making complex management decisions and financial resources. It has been established that the outdated methods of managing this area, as well as the lack of a comprehensive solid waste management system, is the main problem for Ukraine, which negatively affects the environment and the health of the population. Solving this problem largely depends on state policy, legislative innovations and specific financial and economic mechanisms approved at the national level. The main priorities for changes in solid waste management policy are outlined. It has been established that the development of national legislation in the field of waste management, including solid household waste, is taking place in Ukraine. In particular, the National Waste Management Strategy until 2030, the National Waste Management Plan until 2030, the Law of Ukraine “On Waste Management” was adopted, which indicates the implementation of the basic principles and provisions of European legislation in the field of waste management, including solid household waste.

Design and implementation of I/O performance prediction scheme on HPC systems through large-scale log analysis

Large-scale high performance computing (HPC) systems typically consist of many thousands of CPUs and storage units used by hundreds to thousands of users simultaneously. Applications from large numbers of users have diverse characteristics, such as varying computation, communication, memory, and I/O intensity. A good understanding of the performance characteristics of each user application is important for job scheduling and resource provisioning. Among these performance characteristics, I/O performance is becoming increasingly important as data sizes rapidly increase and large-scale applications, such as simulation and model training, are widely adopted. However, predicting I/O performance is difficult because I/O systems are shared among all users and involve many layers of software and hardware stack, including the application, network interconnect, operating system, file system, and storage devices. Furthermore, updates to these layers and changes in system management policy can significantly alter the I/O behavior of applications and the entire system. To improve the prediction of the I/O performance on HPC systems, we propose integrating information from several different system logs and developing a regression-based approach to predict the I/O performance. Our proposed scheme can dynamically select the most relevant features from the log entries using various feature selection algorithms and scoring functions, and can automatically select the regression algorithm with the best accuracy for the prediction task. The evaluation results show that our proposed scheme can predict the write performance with up to 90% prediction accuracy and the read performance with up to 99% prediction accuracy using the real logs from the Cori supercomputer system at NERSC.

Incorporating fire-smartness into agricultural policies reduces suppression costs and ecosystem services damages from wildfires

In southern Europe, land abandonment and an unbalanced investment toward fire suppression instead of prevention has gradually increased wildfire risk, which calls for a paradigm change in fire management policies. Here we combined scenario analysis, fire landscape modelling, and economic tools to identify which land-use policies would reduce the expected wildfire-related losses in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve ‘Gerês-Xurés’ (Spain-Portugal). To do so, we applied the least-cost-plus-net-value-change approach and estimated net changes in wildfire damages based on their implications for the 2010–2050 period and five ecosystem services: agriculture, pasture, timber, recreation and climate regulation. Four land-use scenarios were considered: (1) Business as Usual (BAU); (2) fire-smart, fostering more fire-resistant (less flammable) and/or fire-resilient landscapes (fire-smart); (3) High Nature Value farmlands (HNVf), wherein the abandonment of extensive agriculture is reversed; and (4) a combination of HNVf and fire-smart. HNVf is the best scenario for suppression cost savings, but it generates the lowest net present value of societal benefits from climate regulation. In fact, the most efficient scenario with the lowest societal discounted net suppression costs and change on ecosystem services damages is the HNVf + fire-smart scenario, as it also generates suppression cost savings from agricultural expansion, and lead to a significant reduction in damages on timber and recreational benefits. Therefore, reverting land abandonment through recultivation and promoting fire-resistant tree species is the most efficient way to reduce wildfire hazard. In this sense, payments for ecosystem services should reward farmers and landowners for their role in wildfire prevention. This study improves the understanding of the financial and societal benefits derived from reducing fire suppression spending and ecosystem services damage by undertaking fire-smart land-use strategies, which can be essential to enhance local stakeholders' support for Payments of Ecosystem Services policies for wildfire prevention.

The Smart Community: Strategy Layers for a New Sustainable Continental Framework

The topic investigated in this article is a comparison, contrast, and integration effort of European strategies for sustainable development with the evolving market initiatives that are beginning to fuel the fourth industrial revolution. Several regulatory initiatives from continental bodies come into effect to radically change access to finances for business development, based on sustainability goals, and an analysis of the legislation and trends becomes essential for an effective pivot tactic in the face of adversity, as well as change management policies to pre-emptively adapt and perform. The general research question is “what the strategic tools are best employed to overcome the hurdles laid forth by the drastic changes legally required for a sustainable future?” The research methods include a quantitative analysis of norms, regulations, and legislation, including strategic initiatives circulated in the European Union governmental bodies, integrated with qualitative research of the literature. The study finds and draws synergies between national strategies that have recently been drafted or are currently evolving with sustainability-centric initiatives such as the hydrogen initiative, the nuclear initiative, the natural gas initiative, the renewables initiative, the synthetics, and biomass initiative, the ESG initiative, the digital initiative. The findings are to contribute to the business administration field by providing an appropriate image of the organizational design model in the sustainability era, and a strategy framework to build the optimum long-term vision founded on continental regulatory initiatives that have come into effect.

A South African institution perspective of a framework for enterprise resource planning systems

Background: Public sector organisations encounter many challenges because of their complex legislative requirements, social responsibilities and higher public expectations. In the early 1980s, governments worldwide started experimenting with improving functions and processes through enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Objective: This study investigated the feasibility of South African government institutions in adopting a guideline that will assist in implementing a sustainable ERP system to improve their information systems strategy. Method: This study followed the qualitative dominating mixed research methodology. A survey was distributed to 20 participants with closed-ended questions to collect quantitative data and open-ended questions to collect qualitative data. Results: Thirteen factors that allow ERP systems to be successfully implemented were identified. Some of the factors included effective change management policies, end-user specialised knowledge, organisation culture fit, top management support, ERP training before and post-implementation, visibility of activities throughout the workflow, and willingness to change. Sixteen issues that restrict ERP implementation were also identified. Some of the restricting factors include ERP system complexity, high levels of customisation, inadequate flexibility, budget, maintenance costs, lack of vendor support, implementation delays and cost overruns. The current state of ERP implementation in the investigated organisation is of acceptance with growth being achieved gradually and steadily. Conclusion: The proposed framework provides core competencies such as top management support, ERP training before and post-implementation, and effective change management policies among others, that can be used to establish corrective measures before and during the installation of ERP systems. Contribution: This study contributed to the body of knowledge by identifying the success and hindering factors of ERP system implementation. The proposed framework outlines guidelines for organisations to successfully adopt and implement ERP systems.

Dynamics of sediment transport in the Yangtze River and their key drivers

Understanding the dynamics of sediment transport and their underlying driving mechanisms is critical to developing strategic plans for sustainable river basin management. However, the quantification of various drivers (e.g., dam construction, soil and water conservation measures) of sediment load change remains scarce, and the projections of sediment transport under the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios are not well understood. Here we quantify the sediment load dynamics in the Yangtze River and also estimate the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to these changes using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model and statistical methods. Results show that the sediment load exhibited a significant decreasing trend at most stations in the Yangtze River, with breakpoints occurring around 1993 and 2003. The study period of 1972–2016 can be split into three sub-periods: 1972–1992 (P1), 1993–2003 (P2), and 2004–2016 (P3). From P1 to P3, 95.6 % of the decline can be attributed to climate change, the remainder resulting from the construction of dams and reservoirs (3.6 %) and improved soil and water conservation (0.8 %). Specifically, human activities contributed ∼67.96 % to sediment changes during the period P1–P2, whereas climatic change contributed ∼81.76 % during the period P2–P3. The sediment load significantly increased in the RCP 2.6 (slope = 0.87 Mt·yr−1, P < 0.01) and RCP 4.5 (slope = 0.84 Mt·yr−1, P < 0.05) under the global warming of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C towards the entire Yangtze River. Compared with the 2.0 °C (2040–2059) global warming scenario, the mean annual sediment load in the 1.5 °C (2020–2039) global warming scenario is smaller by 17.88 Mt. Our investigation found that climate variations will provide a more remarkable contribution to sediment load dynamics in the Yangtze River in the future than the historical average due to the effectiveness of reservoirs decreases and the saturation of the capacity of the soil and water conservation measures to capture sediment. Although these findings indicate the importance of climate change's impact on sediment load changes, it is necessary to apply them to appropriate management to adapt to climate changes in future river basin management policies.

Impact of historical climate variability on rice production in Mainland Southeast Asia across multiple scales

Climate change poses significant pressure on global food production. Although previous work has explored impacts of climate, management, and genetics on food production, additional research is needed to examine the effects of large-scale climate modes at local and regional scales. This study explores the impact of climate variability on rice yield in Mainland Southeast Asia from 1961-2017 at three different spatial scales: the whole Mainland Southeast Asia region, country-level (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam), and province-level for Vietnam. Annual rice yields over this period have nearly tripled with Vietnam experiencing the largest increases. Correlations between annual rice yield anomalies at the regional and country levels and climate data reveal clear influences of tropical climate variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Meridional Mode. At the provincial level in Vietnam, many provinces show similar correlation patterns for the spring-summer season of rice (e.g., a co-occurring La Niña and positive phase of the Pacific Meridional Mode in the preceding boreal winter and spring are associated with increased yields in spring-summer rice). However, the late summer-fall season rice yield anomalies show much weaker correlations with tropical climate patterns. Variations across provinces were also noted, particularly between the Red River and Mekong River Deltas. The history of this 56-year period, which included the Vietnam-American War and changes in land management policies, makes it challenging to disentangle the effects of climate variability and social factors on rice yields in these areas. However, these results highlight the importance of using a multidisciplinary and multiscale approach to help inform local and regional decision-making. • We examined climate and rice yields in Mainland Southeast Asia at 3 scales. • Correlations revealed clear influences of tropical climate variability. • Provinces in Vietnam showed varying results by rice season and location. • Future climate change may shift planting timing and threaten national exports. • A multidisciplinary and multiscale approach can help disentangle effects on rice.