Changes In Macro Research Articles

Economic factors of increasing fertility in the Volga Federal District: a retrospective analysis (2000–2020)

Purpose: to determine the economic factors that steadily influenced reproductive trends in the Volga Federal District in 2000-2020, their regional differentiation. The hypothesis of the study: the dynamics of the birth rate is predetermined, among other things, by economic factors (of a general economic nature and economic activity of households). With a positive change in the economic well-being of the population and households, stable prerequisites are formed for the growth of the birth rate in the Volga Federal District.Methods: the correlation and regression analysis of the total fertility rate and economic predictors for 2000-2020 of the Volga Federal District regions was used. Econometric prerequisites for determining reproductive trends are formed based on changes in macro- and microeconomic indicators of the economic well-being of the region and individual households.Results: regional differences in the influence of economic factors on fertility are revealed: direct linear dependence on the volume of investments per capita and the level of employment; inverse dependence on the level of poverty and the share of household spending on food (except for the Republic of Bashkortostan). When assessing the inverse linear dependence on the indexation of prices for primary housing, the coefficient of determination is insufficient (except for the Udmurt Republic), as in the case of assessing the impact of the unemployment rate (the factor is insignificant for the Republic of Bashkortostan, Kirov Region, Perm Krai). The growth and decrease in monthly consumer spending lead to a decrease in the birth rate.Conclusions and Relevance: one-factor regression analysis showed that in the Volga Federal District, the formation of reproductive trends is negatively affected by an increase in the share of spending on essential goods. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a correlation of fertility rates with a steady increase in the level of employment. The presented approach can be used to describe the prerequisites for the formation of stable reproductive trends in other districts and regions of Russia for the implementation of preventive measures of the demographic policy of the state in order to maintain the stability and positive development of the demographic situation, prognostic estimates of trends of deviation from the positive trend.

Invasive and non-invasive assessment of macro- and micro-circulatory effects of vasopressors during sevoflurane anesthesia in a pediatric experimental model: A randomized trial.

While non-invasive assessment of macro- and micro-circulation has the promise to optimize anesthesia management, evidence is lacking for the relationship between invasive and non-invasive measurements of cardiac output and microcirculatory indices. We aimed to compare the abilities of non-invasive techniques to detect changes in macro- and micro-circulation following deep anesthesia and subsequent restoration of the compromised hemodynamic by routinely used vasopressors in a randomized experimental study. A 20%-25% drop in mean arterial pressure was induced by sevoflurane in anesthetized mechanically ventilated just-weaned piglets (n=12) prior to the administration of vasopressors in random order (dopamine, ephedrine, noradrenaline, and phenylephrine). Simultaneous transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output assessment with the invasive pulse index continuous contour (PiCCO) method was compared with non-invasive estimates obtained with electrical conductivity (ICON) and echo Doppler (Cardio Q). Changes in microcirculation were characterized by sublingual red blood cell velocity, jugular cerebral venous oxygen saturation, and arterial lactate. Cardiac output indices obtained by invasive and non-invasive methods. Changes in cardiac output measured invasively and non-invasively correlated significantly after sevoflurane (r=.78, p=.003 and r=.76, p=.006 between PiCCO and ICON or Cardio Q, respectively). Following the administration of vasopressors, invasive and non-invasive cardiac output assessments were unrelated with significant correlations observed only between PiCCO and ICON after dopamine and ephedrine. Sevoflurane-induced hypotension decreased jugular cerebral venous oxygen saturation significantly and was recovered by all vasopressors. Sevoflurane and vasopressors had no effect on red blood cell velocity, which increased only after dopamine. No consistent changes in lactate were observed during the study period. The results of this study suggest that non-invasive cardiac output measurements may not accurately reflect changes in macrocirculation after hemodynamic optimization by vasopressors. Due to the incoherence between macro- and micro-circulation, monitoring microcirculation is essential to guide patient management.

552-P: Changes in Food and Nutrient Intake and Diet Quality on a Low-Fat Vegan Diet Are Associated with Changes in Body Weight and Body Composition in Overweight Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: The aim was to identify changes in food, nutrient intake, and diet quality on a low-fat vegan diet and associations with changes in body weight and body composition. Methods: Overweight adults (n=244) were randomly assigned to follow a low-fat vegan diet (n=122) or make no diet changes (n=122) . Main outcome measures were changes in food intake, macro- and micronutrient intake, and dietary quality as measured by AHEI-2010, analyzed from 3-day diet records, and associations with changes in body weight and body composition. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) model, Spearman correlations, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The intervention group’s AHEI-20increased by 6.0 points on average in contrast to no significant change in the control group (treatment effect +7.2 [95% CI +3.7 to +10.7]; p<0.001) . Increase in AHEI-20correlated with reduction in body weight (r=0.14; p=0.04) , fat mass (r=-0.14; p=0.03) , and HOMA-IR (r=-0.17; p=0.02) , after adjustment for changes in energy intake. Fruit, vegetable, legume, meat alternative, and whole grain intake significantly increased in the intervention group. Intake of meat, fish and poultry; dairy products; eggs; nuts and seeds; and added fats decreased. Decreased weight was most strongly associated with increased intake of legumes (r=‑0.38; p<.0001) and decreased intake of total meat, fish, and poultry (r=+0.43;p<.0001) . Reduced fat intake was associated with reduced body weight (r=+0.15; p=0.02) and, after adjustment for changes in BMI and energy intake, with reduced fat mass (r=+0.14; p=0.04) . Conclusions: Diet quality as measured by AHEI-20improved on the low-fat vegan diet, which was associated with improvements in weight and metabolic outcomes. Increased legume intake was the strongest single food group predictor of weight loss. Disclosure H.Kahleova: None.

Pengaruh Melemahnya Nilai Tukar Rupiah, BI Rate Dan Naiknya Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan Syari’ah Di Indonesia

Banking development in Indonesia is really influenced by the condition of economic macro. The dynamic fundamental change of economic macro makes banking world apply a strategy to stand and develop. Even though the Syari’ah banking practice in Indonesia that applies profit sharing system is expected independent from the fundamental of economic macro, the decision made cannot be separated from the fundamental of economic macro. The decrease of Rupiah exchange value, the decrease of BI rate, and the increase of fuel price are expected becoming positive signal for Syari’ah banking in Indonesia. This research aims at explaining the relation between the fundamental variables of economic macro and Syari’ah banking works. This research employed an explanatory research design. The population is all Syari’ah banks that expose the monetary report in 2009-2014. There are 11 Syari’ah public banks, 24 Syari’ah companies, and 31 Syari’ah office channelings. The findings reveals that (1) the decision of BI to increase BI rate will be applied if the number of money in society are too much; in the contrary, if the number of money in society are too little, BI will decrease BI rate. From analyzing the data, it shows that BI rate influences positively to Syari’ah banking works. (2) Inflation influences positively to Syari’ah banking works; it means that if inflation increases, Syari’ah banking works becomes better. If the communities ability to buy decrease, the demand of money increase more. This makes syariah banks do no have idle money. (3) the contribution of money exchange variable, BI rate, and inflation influence the Syari’ah banking works. The contribution of X1, X2, and X3 to Y can be seen from R2 (68,7 %), and 31,3 % is influeced by the exchange money variable, PDB, product variation, profit sharing, and promotion.

New York City School Social Workers in a Pandemic: Lessons Learned from COVID-19

Abstract During the beginning stages of COVID-19, school social workers in New York City (NYC) were at the forefront of managing the mental health of youth and families. There were multiple barriers that interfered with the level of care that school social workers wanted and needed to provide to both students and their families. This article is an NYC school social worker’s firsthand account of how she and her collaborative team managed the mental health of NYC students and families. Specifically, this article addresses suicidal ideation and suicidality in adolescents during the pandemic. This article also addresses the disparities and recommendations for further access to mental health care in NYC’s racially and socioeconomically diverse school communities. The article recommends both micro and macro changes that can be implemented to better address the acute crisis and long-term trauma implications for this population. Finally, this article makes recommendations for furthering social work educational practices to better train clinicians to handle future crises.

The Poverty of Farmers in a Main Grain-Producing Area in Northeast China

Farmers’ poverty has long been of global concern, mainly in poor rather than affluent areas. The goal of this paper is to better understand the range of poverty in the context of regional differentiation and to enrich knowledge on farmers’ poverty in affluent areas and areas with good natural conditions. A questionnaire survey of poor farmers in the major grain-producing area of Changchun, Northeast China was conducted. Farmers’ poverty was studied from income poverty and multidimensional poverty by intertwining qualitative and quantitative methods. The results indicate that low education levels and poor physical health were most prevalent in poor farmers, followed by income poverty and low living standards. Governmental policies and the macroeconomic situation in the agricultural sector, non-agricultural employment, aging, cultivated land, and family size correlated closely with farmers’ poverty. The macro changes in policies and global trade liberalization in the agricultural sector impacted farmers’ income through the prices of agricultural products and subsidies and influenced the effect of cultivated land. For poor farmers, the effect of employment opportunities in villages was more significant than in urban areas. Aging remains a challenge for farmers’ poverty now and in the future.

Temporal Changes in Macro and Microstructure and Seminiferous Epithelium of the Indigenous Sheep Testis from Birth to Puberty

Temporal Changes in Macro and Microstructure and Seminiferous Epithelium of the Indigenous Sheep Testis from Birth to Puberty

An evaluation of individual seasonal changes in dental macro- and mesowear of wild-caught common vole (Microtus arvalis sensu lato) by the intravital impressions method

An evaluation of individual seasonal changes in dental macro- and mesowear of wild-caught common vole (Microtus arvalis sensu lato) by the intravital impressions method

Research on Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 Index Forecast Based on Deep Learning

After decades of advance development, China's stock market has gradually arisen into one of the world's most important capital markets. The stock price index can well reflect the health status and macro change trend of a country's economic development, which can be said to be a barometer of the country's economic development. Studying the stock price index forecast is of great significance to the entire national economy and to each investor. Using 2 tools, Python and EViews8.0, and taking the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 index as an example, the long short-term memory (LSTM) model in deep learning (DL) and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model are selected for fitting and prediction. The research results explain that the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of LSTM model is lower, and the model based on DL method has stronger prediction ability on stock price index than traditional stock prediction model. This model is an effective stock prediction method.

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Different Phytochemical Constituents of Dried Rose Hip (Rosa canina L.) Fruits.

Gamma irradiation is efficiently applied to many foods, but nevertheless there is a distinct lack of information about the changes of macro- and micronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, organic acids, and phenolics) in dried rose hip (RH) fruits. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, the effect of gamma irradiation (10 and 25 kGy) on RH constituents is investigated. Different analytical techniques (GC-FID, HPLC-UV, HPSEC-RID, IR-FT, and SEM) are employed to examine this effect. The irradiation treatment (10 kGy) increased the glucose content by 30% and released cellobiose from RH fruits, thus revealing cellulose destruction. The extractability of total uronic acids increased from 51% (control) to 70.5% (25 kGy-irradiated), resulting in a higher pectin yield (10.8% < 12.8% < 13.4%) and molecular heterogeneity. Moreover, de-esterification was not a major effect of the irradiation-induced degradation of pectin. The sample exposure to the highest dose did not change the content of total carotenoids, β-carotene, and (un)saturated fatty acids, but it affected the tocopherols levels. Gamma rays had a negligible effect on the phenolic constituents and did not affect ORAC and HORAC antioxidant activity. In conclusion, it can be compromised that the exposition of dried RH is safe and can be successfully applied to decontaminate fruits without affecting their nutritional value and biological activity.

Infection by phloem-limited phytoplasma affects mineral nutrient homeostasis in tomato leaf tissues

Phytoplasmas are sieve-elements restricted wall-less, pleomorphic pathogenic microorganisms causing devastating damage to over 700 plant species worldwide. The invasion of sieve elements by phytoplasmas has several consequences on nutrient transport and metabolism, anyway studies about changes of the mineral-nutrient profile following phytoplasma infections are scarce and offer contrasting results. Here, we examined changes in macro- and micronutrient concentration in tomato plant upon ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection. To investigate possible effects of ‘Ca. P. solani’ infection on mineral element allocation, the mineral elements were separately analysed in leaf midrib, leaf lamina and root. Moreover, we focused our analysis on the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding trans-membrane transporters of mineral nutrients. To this aim, a manually curated inventory of differentially expressed genes encoding transporters in tomato leaf midribs was mined from the transcriptional profile of healthy and infected tomato leaf midribs. Results highlighted changes in ion homeostasis in the host plant, and significant modulations at transcriptional level of genes encoding ion transporters and channels.

The neoliberal transformation of academia–industry relationships in India: A critical assessment

The nature of commercial interaction between academia and industry in India has transformed over time. This transformation is a result of several macro changes in the political-economic sphere. Dividing the postindependent Indian history into three different time periods, this article argues that the nature of interaction between 1947 and 1991 – the period after Independence and before economic liberalization – is of a different kind compared to the nature of interaction after liberalization. It is further argued that the interaction before economic liberalization is more of demand-driven in nature, while the one after liberalization is neoliberal in character. This neoliberal characterization is because of the implementation of supply-side measures such as oversupply of patents with a disproportionately lower demand, focus on entrepreneurship, and replacement of the academic value system with corporate value system. The neoliberal period is in turn characterized as conquest of innovation period and coercive innovation period. While the changes during the conquest of innovation period reflect the implementation of supply-side measures, the coercive innovation period depicts the normalization of this process through coercive measures.

Grain micronutrient composition and yield components in field‐grown wheat are negatively impacted by high night‐time temperature

AbstractBackground and objectivesWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is highly vulnerable to heat stress during sensitive growth and developmental stages, including grain‐filling. The impact of high daytime heat stress on wheat yield and quality losses has been extensively investigated, while information related to high night‐time temperature (HNT) is limited. The major objective was to ascertain the changes in wheat grain macro‐ and micro‐nutrient composition and yield‐related parameters on exposure to HNT during grain‐filling. Twelve diverse genotypes were grown in field‐based custom‐built heat tents that allowed natural light and temperature conditions during the day and imposed stress overnight.FindingsThe field‐tents imposed a 3.2°C higher night‐time temperature compared to ambient conditions throughout the grain‐filling period. HNT stress reduced 200 grain weight by 1.9%, grain yield by 3.1%, seed starch content by 2.5%, and seed protein content by 3.6% per °C increase in HNT.ConclusionsHNT had significant negative effect on grain macro‐ and micro‐nutrient content. However, starch and protein concentrations were differentially correlated with grain nutrients, with starch negatively correlated with many of the micronutrients under control and HNT.Significance and noveltyThis negative correlation highlights the imperative balance of seed micronutrient composition that needs to be maintained as efforts are intensified to enhance grain yield under favorable and warming environments.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО СТІЙКОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА ЗАСАДАХ ХОЛІСТИЧНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ

The article considers the strategic aspects of modern industry. An increase in the role of marketing in the management system of an industrial enterprise is revealed. External and internal conditions of use of marketing by industrial enterprises are considered. The level of business orientation is determined depending on external and internal factors. The conclusion is made about the need to use the concept of holistic marketing by industrial enterprises, as the world practice of marketing is currently characterized by new trends, among which an important place is the change of marketing paradigms. The need for a new marketing paradigm arose due to the fact that the modern market does not belong to entrepreneurs who operate separately, but to entrepreneurs, suppliers, partners, consumers, whose activities are aimed at creating long-term relationships. In such conditions, the transition from the dominance of the classical paradigm – «needs study» to the new paradigm of «holistic marketing» – «implementation of the principles of an integrative approach» is relevant. Thus, changes in the external macro- and micro-environmental environment reduce the effectiveness of traditional methods of market-oriented activities of enterprises. This applies to all types of their activities: innovation, production, marketing, human resources, finance. In the whole set of activities of a modern enterprise the most important role play innovative and marketing. Reducing the effectiveness of traditional marketing tools initiates the search for new approaches to marketing activities that would take into account the current realities of socio-economic processes, new opportunities caused by the active introduction of computer information technology, informatization of human activity. These conditions exacerbate the problem of improving the management of existing processes and developing new marketing tools and methods that would take into account new market opportunities and threats, target markets and allow specific companies to increase competitiveness and strengthen their market position. Holistic marketing is designed to ensure the creation of a holistic approach in the system of marketing management and synthesize into a single model of existing marketing concepts as elements of a holistic structure in creating a socio-economic mechanism of market regulation on common principles, taking into account its industry characteristics. Thus, the complexity and multifaceted nature of the problem of effective management of the enterprise in modern market conditions makes it necessary to study the tools associated with the effective management of industrial enterprises. That is why the issue of ensuring effective enterprise management needs special attention, first of all, using new approaches, methods, concepts, including marketing.

Experimental study on thermal performance of ultra-high performance concrete with coarse aggregates at high temperature

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) exhibits superior mechanical and durability performance with very high compressive strength. Compared with ordinary concrete, it is more environmentally friendly and has the great potential to be a practical solution to improve the sustainability of infrastructure. This study focuses on examining thermal properties of UHPC with coarse aggregates (CA-UHPC) subjected to temperature ranged from 20 °C ∼ 900 °C, including changes in macro and micro morphology before and after high temperatures, thermal conductivity, mass loss, specific heat and thermal expansion. The effects of high temperature, coarse aggregate and steel fiber content on the thermal performance of the material will be evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Experimental results show that high temperature greatly affects thermal properties of CA-UHPC. Coarse aggregates also have a considerable influence on the thermal properties. Steel fibers, however, have little effect on the thermal properties. Based on the test results, meso calculation formulas are proposed to predict the thermal properties, which can be used in the design of structural components made of CA-UHPC.

Morphological Parameters Of Kidney In Polypragmasia With Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

We studied macro and microscopic changes in kidney tissue against the background of polypharmacy when modeling renal pathology. It has been shown that the simultaneous use of more than 5 drugs has a nephrotoxic effect on the proximal renal tubules. On macroscopic examination, the kidneys were bean-shaped, the capsule was smooth; with the help of a magnifying glass, it was smooth, shiny, without visible differences. Microscopically, in the kidney tissue in the study group, some structural differences were revealed, the nature and severity of which depended on the type of active drug. In the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys of rats, focal infiltration of mesangial cells was noted. Moreover, in the direct tubules of the kidney apparatus, remarkable changes were not revealed. Thus, it was concluded that tubular damage leads to impaired tubular reabsorption, proteinuria, the morphological criteria of steatosis, and dysproteinosis of varying degrees.

Changes in (micro and macro) plastic pollution in the sediment of three sandy beaches in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, in relation to seasonality, beach use and granulometry

Smaller sized plastics (microplastics or MPs <5 mm) are ubiquitous in nature and have been found to interact in diverse ways with most biotic and abiotic systems globally. Most MPs in the seas have a land-based source, however, little is known about how the transfer occurs. In our study, we used three sandy beaches to describe the process of how MPs travel from accumulation points at the backshore of the beach to the sea, and vice versa. MPs differed significantly in all three beaches (both in quantitative and qualitative terms) between the summer and the winter samplings. During the summer, heavy MPs are the majority, while during the winter, lightweight microplastics are predominant, and the ratio of heavy per lightweight MPs is affected by the sediment median diameter after the summer sampling. Macroplastics follow a similar pattern to MPs and appear to provide a source of MPs for the sea.

New insights into the dynamic development of the cerebral cortex in childhood and adolescence: Integrating macro- and microstructural MRI findings.

Through dynamic transactional processes between genetic and environmental factors, childhood and adolescence involve reorganization and optimization of the cerebral cortex. The cortex and its development plays a crucial role for prototypical human cognitive abilities. At the same time, many common mental disorders appear during these critical phases of neurodevelopment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can indirectly capture several multifaceted changes of cortical macro- and microstructure, of high relevance to further our understanding of the neural foundation of cognition and mental health. Great progress has been made recently in mapping the typical development of cortical morphology. Moreover, newer less explored MRI signal intensity and specialized quantitative T2 measures have been applied to assess microstructural cortical development. We review recent findings of typical postnatal macro- and microstructural development of the cerebral cortex from early childhood to young adulthood. We cover studies of cortical volume, thickness, area, gyrification, T1-weighted (T1w) tissue contrasts such a grey/white matter contrast, T1w/T2w ratio, magnetization transfer and myelin water fraction. Finally, we integrate imaging studies with cortical gene expression findings to further our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of the developmental changes, bridging the gap between ex vivo histological- and in vivo MRI studies.

Comparison of Common Vetch Plant Growth, Arsenic and Nutrients Uptakes in the Clean and Arsenic-Contaminated Soils

ABSTRACT Common vetch plant (Vicia sativa L.) growth under various arsenic (As) loads was investigated in the clean (1st year cultivation) and As-contaminated soils (2nd year cultivation). The total dry weight (DW) of common vetch gradually increased by the application of low concentration of As-contaminated irrigation waters (IWs) while the decrease of total DW to lower than the control plant at high As loads was observed. Compared with the control plant, the aboveground biomass yield loss was 7.6% and 61.6% in the 1st and 2nd cultivation years, respectively. The root dry (RDW) loss was about 36% in the 2nd cultivation year while the 1st year crop root yield loss was 56.5%. In the 1st cultivation year crops, the root As amount was about 1.8–1.9 fold higher than in the shoots while it reached to about 4–11 fold in the 2nd year crops. Although, common vetch might be defined as a highly tolerant plant to As in the clean soil, results demonstrated that the As tolerance of plant could decline when the usage of As-contaminated IWs for a prolonged time. Application of As-contaminated waters for a long time caused the changes of macro (N, P, Ca, Mg, and K) and microelements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) transportation from the root to aboveground biomass.

Increasing concentrations of iron fertilizer affect antibacterial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

The fertilizer utilization in agriculture may affect the properties of the cultivars which can harm metabolism and affect the health benefits of plants. Medicinal aromatic plants are subject to a great area of utilization all over the world in traditional medicine, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. These plants have antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial effects due to their bioactive ingredients. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the medicinal plants cultivated around the world. It is rich in antioxidants and phenolic compounds and therefore has inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. The properties of soil affect and alter the nutrient elements and bioactive components of the plants. The agricultural soils are under pollution upon urbanization, industrialization and agricultural practices that may cause accumulation of elements which are normally required for growth and healthy metabolism of plants to a toxic level. In this study the change in macro and micro nutrient contents of basil plant grown in soil with applications of 100 and 200 mg/kg chelated iron were compared with those of the control condition. Moreover, the effect the chelated iron on the antibacterial activity of basil extract was evaluated on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with agar well diffusion method as well as the correlation of antibacterial activity with macro and micro elements. The results revealed that basil has an ability to accumulate iron from soil. However, Fe accumulation might have exerted a toxicity on basil and decreased in some micronutrients and impairment in metabolism of basil. Accordingly, increased chelated iron application elevated the iron content of the plant and decreased inhibitory level on both bacteria.