Changes In Lipid Profile Research Articles

Лазеротерапия и разгрузочная лечебная гимнастика в лечении нарушений липидного обмена

Based on clinical practice, some patients with lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) are resistant to lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) — in such patients, taking optimal doses of LLT drugs does not reduce levels of cholesterol and its fractions to target levels and using LLT at higher doses is associated with increased odds of adverse events. To optimize the treatment, 58 patients with ischemic heart disease with LMD resistant to LLT were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: in the main group, 29 patients received laser therapy and unloading therapeutic gymnastics; in the control group, 29 patients continued to take their usual medications. The obtained results showed a significant lipid-lowering effect of the treatment in the main group: we observed a significant decrease in total cholesterol (by 27.7%, p < 0.01) as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 34.7%, p < 0.01), a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (28.1%, p < 0.01), a significant decrease of atherogenic coefficient (by 50.2%, p < 0.01) and in the levels of triglycerides (by 49.6%, p < 0.01). At the same time, no significant positive changes in lipid profile were observed in the control group. In patients of the main group, tolerance to physical activity increased significantly, with statistically insignificant changes in the control group accordingly.

Lipidomics approach reveals the dynamic changes in lipid profiles of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) during different growth stages

Lipidomics approach reveals the dynamic changes in lipid profiles of black soldier fly ( <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) during different growth stages

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF EFFECT ON LIPID PROFILE BY SHORT TERM USE OF LOW DOSE STEROID THERAPY IN COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC CONDITIONS

Introduction:Corticosteroids, potent anti-inflammatory drugs used for decades, provide symptomatic relief but carry risks like infection and chronic conditions. Despite complications, theyre prescribed for orthopedic issues. Glucocorticoids influence lipid levels, with conflicting effects. Steroids are termed a double-edged sword. This study aims to assess lipid profile effects of short-term, low-dose steroid therapy in Orthopedics and Rheumatology, evaluating glucocorticoid therapy impact and investigating other effects on musculoskeletal patients. Materials and Methods:This prospective, non-randomized observational study was conducted, focusing on patients with orthopedic and rheumatological issues. Over 150 patients were included, selected through convenient sampling. Inclusion criteria involved patients aged 18-65 without dyslipidemia or cardiovascular conditions, while exclusion criteria included those with specific medical conditions or high BMI. Patients provided written informed consent before undergoing blood tests for lipid profile and blood sugar levels, with vital signs measured. They received Medrol 4 mg thrice daily for ten days, after which outcomes including lipid levels, blood sugar, and blood pressure were assessed. Results:At baseline, 88.67% had desirable cholesterol levels and 11.33% had borderline levels. At follow-up, 20.67% had borderline levels and 79.33% had desirable levels, a statistically significant difference. Mean cholesterol levels decreased from 169.16 ± 19.70 mg/dl to 161.11 ± 27.60 mg/dl, also significant. For triglycerides, 92.67% had normal levels at baseline, decreasing to 65.33% at follow-up, with mean levels increasing from 131.33 ± 6.97 mg/dl to 139.12 ± 23.88 mg/dl. HDL levels showed improvement, with 84.67% having desirable levels at baseline compared to 43.33% at follow-up, with mean levels increasing from 41.09 ± 5.13 mg/dl to 50.71 ± 4.21 mg/dl. LDL levels decreased from 132.43 ± 16.86 mg/dl to 122.59 ± 16.93 mg/dl, with significant changes in distribution. Conclusions:Short-term steroid use for orthopedic conditions affects lipid profiles: Total cholesterol, LDL, and TG rise significantly, countered by increased HDL, offering protection. Long-term effects on lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk require further study. Risk of avascular necrosis due to subtle lipid profile changes also warrants investigation.

The clinical importance and correlations of post-partum changes in the clinical findings, reproductive cyclicity, serum-milk oxidant/antioxidant parameters as a stress indicator in female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their effect on milk palatability

Dramatic metabolic changes during pregnancy and post-partum period resulted in alteration of the biochemical parameters in dromedary she-camels. The current study focused on assessment of stress indicators in post-partum dromedary she-camels on days 14, 28 and 42 post-calving through monitoring the clinical findings, serum steroid hormones, serum or milk oxidant/antioxidant indicators, and milk somatic cell count (SCC) status with reference to serum lipid profile changes. The study also stated several correlations between reproductive cyclicity parameters, stress biomarkers and serum-milk oxidant/antioxidant indicators. The study was conducted on clinically healthy recently calved she-camels (n = 25). They were subjected to clinical and laboratory assays including lipid profiles, serum steroid hormones [Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2)], serum or milk oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers [Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and cortisol], and milk SCC on days 14, 21 and 28 post-calving. The study concluded the influence of stress as a result of lactation in post-partum period in recently calved she-camels and its relationship with reproductive cyclicity as well as changes in serum steroids, lipid profiles, serum-milk oxidant/antioxidants parameters, and milk SCC that was reflected through significant elevations in serum levels of P4, E2, cortisol, MDA and glucose, and milk values of MDA, cortisol and SCC as well as significant drop in serum levels of GSH, TPs, albumins and globulins on day 14 post-calving comparing with their values particularly on day 42. The study stated variable correlation relationships between reproductive cyclicity parameters, lipid profiles, serum-milk oxidant/antioxidants parameters and milk SCC.

Serum endocan, asymmetric dimethylarginine and lipid profile in children with familial Mediterranean fever.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and it is thought that subclinical inflammation persists even when there are no attacks, eventually causing endothelial dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerosis. Limited data are available about serum endocan, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and lipid profile in children with FMF, so we aimed to evaluate these markers in children with FMF during the attack-free period. A total of 50 patients diagnosed with FMF and 50 age and sex-matched healthy children were recruited. Serum endocan, ADMA and lipid profiles were measured. Also, atherogenic indices (Castelli's risk indices I and II [CRI I and II], atherogenic index of plasma [AIP] and atherogenic coefficient [AC]) were calculated. Serum endocan, ADMA levels, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, CRI II and AIP of the FMF patients were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.001). Unlike serum endocan, serum ADMA showed a positive significant correlation with total cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, CRI I, AIP and AC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.028, p = 0.004 respectively). Serum ADMA and lipid profile might be used as potential markers for endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in FMF patients. Theoretically, serum ADMA may affect lipid profiles and serum endocan represents an intriguing biomarker related to inflammation. Coexistence of dyslipidemia represents an additional risk factor that contributes to the onset of early atherosclerosis. A few studies investigated the role of changes in lipid profile and lipid ratios in accelerated atherosclerosis pathogenesis in FMF patients. The relationship between colchicine and lipid profile is contradictory. Although colchicine can cause dyslipidemia, it also has anti-atherosclerosis effects. Elevated ADMA level and atherogenic indices in FMF children reflect their potential role in the early detection of cardiovascular affection in FMF patients.

Prepregnancy weight loss and maternal metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Women with overweight or obesity are recommended to lose weight before conception to optimize pregnancy outcomes. However, the obstetrical implications of prepregnancy weight loss have been minimally examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between prepregnancy weight loss and maternal metabolic and inflammatory profiles during a subsequent pregnancy. This study was a retrospective analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2003-2018). Participants were women who were pregnant at the time of assessment. Prepregnancy weight loss was described as percent weight change based on self-reported baseline (1 year before pregnancy) and prepregnancy weight. Metabolic (e.g., blood pressure [BP]) and inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) were determined by standard medical tests. Statistical analyses included linear regressions with appropriate imputation, weighting, and variance estimation techniques. Participants (N = 236) reported a mean percent weight loss of 4.6% (standard error [SE] = 0.3%) during the year before pregnancy. Regression models showed that prepregnancy weight loss was inversely associated with levels of total cholesterol (β = -1.24, p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (β = -0.79, p < 0.01), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (β = -0.18, p < 0.01). The effect of prepregnancy weight loss on BP, insulin sensitivity, and hs-CRP was not significant, although there was a trend toward higher levels of diastolic BP (β = 0.24, p = 0.07) and hs-CRP (β = 0.10, p = 0.08). This study found favorable changes in lipid profiles following prepregnancy weight loss. Due to limitations such as a relatively small sample size, self-reported weight measures, and missing data on several outcome variables, future studies are needed to confirm study findings.

β-Carotene accelerates the resolution of atherosclerosis in mice

β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in Bco1-/- mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

β-Carotene accelerates the resolution of atherosclerosis in mice.

β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in Bco1-/- mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Impact of Overseas Deployment on Fatty Liver and Metabolic Diseases Among Korean Soldiers.

The prevalence of metabolic diseases is increasing worldwide and is influenced by multiple environmental, psychological, and dietary factors. As overseas deployment (OD) of Korean soldiers brings about changes in these factors, this study aimed to explore the impact of OD on metabolic diseases. We collected paired health checkup data of Korean soldiers between January 2020 and December 2022, before and after their deployment. We analyzed changes in lipid profile, fasting glucose, and liver function biomarkers during OD and compared the prevalence of metabolic diseases before and after the OD. A total of 2,953 soldiers were enrolled. During OD, body weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting glucose levels decreased significantly. Furthermore, the prevalence of obesity, impaired fasting glucose, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease decreased significantly from 45.78% to 33.49%, P < .001; 38.60% to 34.41%, P < .001; and 24.89% to 18.88%, P < .001, respectively. In a subgroup analysis of participants with long-term deployment (duration >365 days), only the prevalence of obesity decreased significantly during deployment, whereas the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia increased. Metabolic biomarkers improved, and the prevalence of metabolic diseases decreased significantly during OD. However, personnel with long-term deployment did not experience significant improvements in these parameters. Further analysis is needed to identify the factors influencing these discrepancies.

Effect of fish-oil supplementation on the glycemic and lipidemic profiles of pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pregnant women have physiological metabolic changes in glycemic and lipid profiles that are essential for fetal development. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of fish-oil-capsule supplementation on the glycemic and lipid profiles of pregnant women. A systematic search was conducted of the MEDLINE (by PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases and gray literature, including preprints for all relevant studies published in English, with no date restrictions. The estimated pooled results were analyzed using a random-effects model and represented by mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The analyses were performed with R software, version 4.2.1, using the "Meta" packages, versions 6.0-0. Fifteen eligible studies were included after screening. In a pooled analysis, overall fish-oil supplementation had no effect on parameters compared with placebo. In the subgroup analysis, fish-oil supplementation may be beneficial in insulin (MD: -2.11 IU/mL; 95% CI: -3.86, -0.36) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (MD: -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29) indices, with heterogeneity (I2 =0%) among pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. In the subgroup with doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) below 200 mg, there was a reduction in HOMA-IR in the intervention group (MD: -0.60; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.06). Pregnant women taking fish-oil capsules showed significant beneficial changes in the subgroups of type 2 diabetes and EPA dosages below 200 mg for insulin and HOMA-IR.

Comparative evaluation of the serum biochemical and lipid profile changes in spayed male and female rats

Background and aims: This study investigated the effects of gonadal removal in male and female rats on changes in serum biochemical parameters. Methods: Twenty-eight adult male and female rats were divided into four groups of 7 animals for a period of 9 weeks. The first and second groups of intact male and female rats, as well as the third and fourth groups of male and female rats, were gonadectomized, respectively. At the end of the ninth week of the study, the rats were anesthetized with chloroform, and the amount of glucose, some lipid parameters in serum, and the activity of a number of serum enzymes were measured after taking blood from the heart. Results: Alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were higher in intact male rats than in intact female rats, respectively (P=0.03, P=0.015). The amounts of glucose and cholesterol of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in intact female rats were higher than in the ovariectomized rats, respectively (P=0.07, P=0.039, P=0.03). The amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in spayed female rats demonstrated a significant increase compared to other groups (P=0.001). However, there was a significant decrease in calcium levels in gonadectomized rat groups in comparison to intact female rats (P=0.02). Finally, a significant increase was found in phosphorous levels in the intact male rats group compared to other groups (P=0.002). Conclusion: Decreased sex hormones in gonadectomized rats compared with intact rats could lead to increased serum levels of LDH, ALP, and LDL cholesterol that may result in the development of metabolic and atherogenesis syndromes and acute liver failure.

Cacao, the origin of chocolate, can lower lipid profiles? A systematic review

Dyslipidemia is a non-communicable metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal blood fat levels, including total cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Triacylglycerol (TG). Dyslipidemia can lead to life-threatening complication. One of non-pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemia patient is healthy lifestyle such as nutritional modification. Cacao is a rich source of polyphenols with various health benefits. Polyphenols, mainly consisting of flavonoids, act as potent antioxidants. They contribute to increased blood flow, lowered blood pressure, elevated HDL, protection of LDL against oxidation, reduced cardiovascular disease risk, sun protection for the skin, and improved blood flow to the brain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cacao product such as cocoa and chocolate on patients with dyslipidemia. The research employed the systematic literature review method of Randomized Control Trial (RCT). A total of 10 journal articles from the PubMed online journal system, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect were selected based on keywords using the PICO method and specific research criteria. The variables in this study included cocoa and chocolate administration and dyslipidemia, focusing on lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG). The study results conclude that several factors influence the effect of cacao products administration on changes in lipid profiles (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG). These factors encompass the type of active ingredient, duration, administration dosage, age, underlying diseases, patient compliance, and additional interventions.

Tanshinone IIA reverses gefitinib resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer via inhibition of SREBP1-mediated lipogenesis.

Gefitinib resistance is an urgent problem to be solved in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is one of the main active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which exhibits significant antitumor effects. The aim of this study is to explore the reversal effect of Tan IIA on gefitinib resistance in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC and the underlying mechanism. CCK-8, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were applied to detect the cytotoxicity, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. The changes in lipid profiles were measured by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. Western blot, real-time q-PCR, and immunohistochemical were used to detect the protein and the corresponding mRNA levels. The in vivo antitumor effect was validated by the xenograft mouse model. Co-treatment of Tan IIA enhanced the sensitivity of resistant NSCLC cells to gefitinib. Mechanistically, Tan IIA could downregulate the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and its downstream target genes, causing changes in lipid profiles, thereby reversing the gefitinib-resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Tan IIA improved gefitinib sensitivity via SREBP1-mediated lipogenesis. Tan IIA could be a potential candidate to enhance sensitivity for gefitinib-resistant NSCLC patients.

Ingestion of Bean Leaves Reduces Metabolic Complications and Restores Intestinal Integrity in C57BL/6 Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet.

Consumption of foods with fiber and compounds can promote gastrointestinal health and reduce obesity complications. Therefore, treatment with common bean leaves (BL) against obesity was evaluated in mice with a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 14 weeks. The bromatological and phytochemical characterization of BL were determined. Afterwards, the animals were supplemented with BL (10%) or a standard diet (SD) as a strategy to encourage a healthy diet for 12 additional weeks. Changes in body composition, lipid profile, and intestinal integrity were analyzed. The characterization of BL stood out for its content of 27.2% dietary fiber, total phenolics (475.04 mg/100 g), and saponins (2.2 mg/100 g). The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased in the BL group by 52% compared to the HFFD group. Additionally, triglyceride levels were 23% lower in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group. The improvement in lipid profile was attributed to the 1.77-fold higher fecal lipid excretion in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group and the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by 29%. Furthermore, BL supplementation reduced the serum levels of IL-6 (4.4-fold) and FITC-dextran by 50% compared with those in the HFFD group. Metabolic endotoxemia was inhibited after BL supplementation (-33%) compared to the HFFD group. BL consumption as a treatment in obese mice reduces adipose tissue accumulation and improves the lipid profile. Furthermore, we report for the first time that BL consumption improves intestinal integrity.

Chronic sucralose consumption inhibits farnesoid X receptor signaling and perturbs lipid and cholesterol homeostasis in the mouse livers, potentially by altering gut microbiota functions

Sucralose has raised concerns regarding its safety and recent studies have demonstrated that sucralose consumption can disrupt the normal gut microbiome and alter metabolic profiles in mice. However, the extent to which this perturbation affects the functional interaction between the microbiota and the host, as well as its potential impact on host health, remains largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to investigate whether chronic sucralose consumption, at levels within the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), could disturb key gut microbial functions and lead to adverse health effects in mice. Following six-month sucralose consumption, several bacterial genera associated with bile acid metabolism were decreased, including Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus. Consequently, the richness of secondary bile acid biosynthetic pathway and bacterial bile salt hydrolase gene were decreased in the sucralose-treated gut microbiome. Compared to controls, sucralose-consuming mice exhibited significantly lower ratios of free bile acids and taurine-conjugated bile acids in their livers. Additionally, several farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists were decreased in sucralose-treated mice. This reduction in hepatic FXR activation was associated with altered expression of down-stream genes, in the liver. Moreover, the expression of key lipogenic genes was up-regulated in the livers of sucralose-treated mice. Changes in hepatic lipid profiles were also observed, characterized by lower ceramide levels, a decreased PC/PE ratio, and a mildly increase in lipid accumulation. Additionally, sucralose-consumed mice exhibited higher hepatic cholesterol level compared to control mice, with up-regulation of cholesterol efflux genes and down-regulation of genes associated with reverse cholesterol transport. In conclusion, chronic sucralose consumption disrupts FXR signaling activation and perturbs hepatic lipid and cholesterol homeostasis, potentially by diminishing the bile acid metabolic capacity of the gut microbiome. These findings shed light on the complex interplay between sucralose, the gut microbiota, and host metabolism, raising important questions about the safety of its long-term consumption.

Differences in membrane lipid homeostasis confer contrast tolerance to low phosphorus in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Although lipids are involved in plant adaptation to phosphorus (P) deficiency, the underlying relationships are not fully understood, especially in wheat. Thus, a comparative study of changes in leaf lipid content, composition and implicated gene expression during low-P was conducted hydroponically using two wheat cultivars differing in low-P tolerance. Low-P reduced phospholipid content but increased digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) content in older fully unfolded leaves (OL), with ND2419 (tolerant) showing greater changes than ZM366 (sensitive), suggesting a greater capacity to recycle internal P in ND2419. Interestingly, a novel lipid remodeling pattern was detected in the youngest unfolded leaf (YL) of ND2419, which reduced less in phospholipid content but accumulated more DGDG and SQDG with higher unsaturation levels than ZM366. These changes favored better chloroplast development, functionality and membrane integrity of ND2419, which together improved low-P tolerance. The expression of genes encoding glycolipid synthases and enzymes involved in phospholipid biosynthesis and degradation explained the lipid changes. Furthermore, our findings indicate that phospholipid loss in OL is primarily caused by enhanced degradation, whereas that in YL is driven by decreased biosynthesis and increased degradation. The detailed description of the changes in lipid profiles and gene expression under low P provides a basis for improving wheat low-P tolerance.

Evaluation of Nutritional Interventions in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the structured dietary intervention in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and improving associated metabolic health indicators. We included 530 participants randomly assigned to an intervention group with a Mediterranean-style diet and a control group with generic dietary guidelines. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was the primary outcome, whereas changes in fasting plasma glucose, lipid profiles, and body composition were the secondary outcomes. After 24 months, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly lower among participants in the intervention group than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels were decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and high-density lipoprotein levels were increased among participants in the intervention group than in those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Also, body weight, blood pressure, and body mass index, major negative predictors of fasting glucose levels, were significantly decreased in participants in the intervention group than in those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05), irrespective of other covariates. Dietary intervention substantially reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and improved glycemic control, lipid profiles, and overall metabolic health.

Brief communications: changes in inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profiles after switching to long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine

We assessed whether the impact of cabotegravir plus rilpivirine on inflammation reduction differs from that of oral antiretrovirals, using real-world data. Inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profiles were followed from baseline to 8 months after switching. Seventy-eight participants were analyzed. The CD4/CD8 ratio and C-reactive protein did not change. There were transient decreases in CD8 and CD4 counts in the group that switched from the dolutegravir-based regimen, but not in the tenofovir alafenamide-based regimen group. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased, resulting in a decrease in the total-cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, whereas there was no significant change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Beeswax Alcohol Prevents Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and Demonstrates Antioxidant Activities in Zebrafish Embryos and Human Subjects: A Clinical Study.

Oxidative stress is one of the primary instigators of the onset of various human ailments, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Particularly, oxidative stress severely affects low-density lipid & protein (LDL) oxidation, leading to several detrimental health effects. Therefore, in this study, the effect of beeswax alcohol (BWA) was evaluated in the prevention of LDL oxidation, enhancement of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity of high-density lipid & protein (HDL), and zebrafish embryo survivability. Furthermore, the implication of BWA consumption on the oxidative plasma variables was assessed by a preliminary clinical study on middle-aged and older human subjects (n = 50). Results support BWA augmentation of PON-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner (10-30 μM), which was significantly better than the effect exerted by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Moreover, BWA significantly curtails LDL/apo-B oxidation evoked by CuSO4 (final 0.5 μM) and a causes a marked reduction in lipid peroxidation in LDL. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a healing effect of BWA towards the restoration of LDL morphology and size impaired by the exposure of Cu2+ ions (final 0.5 μM). Additionally, BWA counters the toxicity induced by carboxymethyllysine (CML, 500 ng) and rescues zebrafish embryos from development deformities and apoptotic cell death. A completely randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled preliminary clinical study on middle- and older-aged human subjects (n = 50) showed that 12 weeks of BWA (100 mg/day) supplementation efficiently diminished serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total hydroperoxides and enhanced total antioxidant status by 25%, 27%, and 22%, respectively, compared to the placebo-control and baseline values. Furthermore, the consumption of BWA did not exhibit any noteworthy changes in physical variables, lipid profile, glucose levels, and biomarkers pertinent to kidney and liver function, thus confirming the safety of BWA for consumption. Conclusively, in vitro, BWA prevents LDL oxidation, enhances PON-1 activity in HDL, and positively influences oxidative variables in human subjects.

Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Anthocyanins on Body Weight, Lipid Peroxidation, and Lipid Profile of Cadmium-exposed rats

Abstract Background: Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) are dangerous to human health because they are highly toxic and persist for a long time in the environment. Objective: This study determined the effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L anthocyanins (HSA) on body weight, lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile of Cd-exposed rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats weighing 185 ± 5.2 g were divided into five treatment groups: Group A: Control (feed and water only), B: Cd (3 mg/kg b wt), C: HSA (3 mg/kg b wt), D: HSA Pre-Cd (HSA 3 g/kg b wt) for 5 consecutive days before a single dose of Cd (3 mg/kg body weight), and E: HSA Post-Cd (a single dose of Cd [3 mg/kg body weight] on the 1st day then HSA [3 mg/kg body weight] for 5 consecutive days). Results: Cd toxicity, at the dose administered, was manifested through significant (P &gt; 0.05) reduction in body weight, increase in lipid peroxidation, and changes in serum lipid profile (increase in low-density cholesterol and reduction in high-density cholesterol), but administration of H. sabdariffa anthocyanins to rats before and after Cd exposure significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased body weight of rats, reduced Cd-induced increase in serum total cholesterol levels, and protected tissues against Cd-induced lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: The results suggest that HSA is effective as an ameliorator of Cd-induced changes in body weight, lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile of rats.