Changes In Internal Organs Research Articles

Glutamic acid in treatment of alcohol intoxication aggravated by ecologically unfavorable factors

Alcohol intoxication aggravated by exposure to ecologically unfavorable factors (methanol and furfural vapors) induced pronounced desynchronization of hematologic processes, dramatic disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, and considerable structural changes in internal organs. Treatment with glutamic acid reduced pathological manifestations and increased the adaptive capacities of the organism. Functional and morphological changes observed in laboratory animals after treatment with the neurometabolic compound glutamic acid could be classified as reversible.

The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone on histology of selected organs in rabbits on an atherogenic diet

The influence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in fodder on the histology of selected organs in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia and in healthy rabbits was studied. Rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups: (1) control; (2) atherogenic diet; (3) atherogenic diet with addition of DHEA; (4) normal diet with addition of DHEA. After 12 weeks, the rabbits were bled. Tissue samples were collected, fixed in a 0.4% solution of buffered formalin, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Fragments of 5-7 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin as well as according to the van Gieson method. Histological analysis showed features of steatosis and intense degenerative changes in analyzed organs of animals from group 2, i.e. liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, lungs and bone. The degenerative changes in the group which in addition to a fat-rich diet received DHEA, were similar to group 2, but much less intense. Histological pictures of organs of the rabbits which received DHEA and normal diet did not differ significantly from the control group.In animals with experimental hyperlipidemia, DHEA acts protectively, decreasing degenerative changes in internal organs caused by an atherogenic diet. DHEA does not change the histological picture of organs in healthy animals.

Density-dependent physiological phase in insects.

Insects respond to crowding in a variety of ways that are usually exemplified by rapid changes in behavior and culminate in enduring long-term morphological and/or chromatic responses. A common feature of both short-term and long-term effects is that they are graded, dependent not only on density but also on the duration and on phase history of the maternal generation. Because of their exoskeletons, which are persistent for the duration of each instar and endure throughout adult life, overt changes in morphology or coloration are restricted to the molting period and shortly afterward, when cuticular hardening and pigmentation are expressed. Changes in internal organs or metabolism elicited by population density, being independent of integumental constraints, are not restricted to the molting period, but the temporal difference between internal and external responses is not of fundamental significance. Intraspecific responses to the presence of sibling insects are of apparent ecological significance and often involve directional movement and/or migration. They are mediated via the sensory system, involve signal transduction, and elicit downstream biochemical and physiological changes.

Effect of platinum-containing cytostatics on rat progeny

Pathological changes in internal organs are seen in some offspring of intact females and males treated with platidiam 1 month before mating. One case of malformation was found in the progeny of cytostatic-treated females. High embryonal mortality is noted in animals treated with cytostatics 3 and 6 months before mating. Delayed ossification is observed in some animals of almost all experiments groups.

Effect of infestation (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) of chick peas (bengal gram) on biological utilization of proteins.

Bengal gram (Cicer aritinum) was infested with Callosobruchis Chinensis (L) at 20%, 40% and 60% level of infestation and fed to rats for 40 days. Effect of incorporation of uninfested and infested bengal gram on feed intake, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER), true protein digestibility (TPD), biological value (BV), net protein utilization(NPU) and changes in internal organs were studied. Inclusion of infested grains had significant effect on the utilization of proteins. Diets having 60% infested grains had lower PER, TPD, BV and NPU. With increase in level of infestation weight of liver, kidney and spleen decreased significantly.

Influence of Judaism and Jewish physicians on Greek and Byzantine medicine and their contribution to nephrology.

Both the Old Testament and the Talmud contain a great deal of information on medicine, nephrology, health and disease. The basic premise of early Jewish medicine is based on the notion that disease is due to structural changes in internal organs. This is in contrast to the mythical dogma of humoralism as the basis of health and disease espoused by Hippocrates and Galen. The Old Testament and the Mosaic Codes provided the basis for modern public health and for the hygienic rules practised in our times. The Talmudists laid the foundations for the science of pathology as we know it today. These issues are discussed in detail and the contributions of three prominent medieval physicians (Asaph Judaeus, Isaac Judaeus and Maimonides) are presented.

Selection of foods by broiler chickens following corticosterone administration.

1. The effects of corticosterone (CORT) on diet selection of broiler chickens offered a choice of a high protein concentrate (381 g CP/kg, 17.5 MJ/kg ME) and whole wheat (113 g CP/kg, 15.9 MJ/kg ME) in relation to age were examined in two experiments. 2. Daily intramuscular injections of 2 and 4 mg/kg of CORT for a 5-d period in both 2- and 5-week-old chickens resulted in increases in total food, protein and energy intakes. This led to a decrease in protein accretion in older but not younger chicks, an increase in total lipid contents of the carcase at both ages, and produced changes in internal organs. 3. CORT significantly reduced body weight gain of young but not old chickens, suggesting that mature birds respond better than young ones to the physiological changes caused by treatment, by making subsequent appropriate food choices. 4. Administration of CORT in young chicks increased wheat intake at 2 and 4 h after injection, while in older birds a similar increase was maintained up to 24 h after injection. Intake of HP food was decreased by both doses of CORT in young chicks but there was no significant effect in older chickens. 5. Changes in energy: protein ratio in the chosen diet appeared at 4 h after treatment in old chickens and at 24 h in younger chicks. 6. The results suggest that birds are able to detect metabolic changes caused by CORT administration and attempt to redress them by modifying their food pattern. The time course of the response of birds to these changes is age related. However, the food selection pattern did not completely compensate for the physiological defects.

Autopsy of teleosts from contaminated areas.

A systematic procedure provides one method of assessing xenobiotic-induced abnormalities in fish following environmental exposures. Behavioral, external (or gross), histopathological, and internal organ changes allow determination of the severity of toxicant impact on an endemic population provided a sufficient number of specimens is analyzed. Over the past 15 years, these methods have led to the establishment of causal factors in metal- and metalloid-induced toxicity.

On the lethal outcomes of gunshot wounds and inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region

We analyzed the deaths that were observed in the dental department over the past 18 years (from 1957 to 1974). 9 patients died (females - 4, males - 5), including at the age of 11 years - 1, from 31 to 40 years - 2, from 41 to 50 years - 4, over 50 years - 2. In 4 of the patients, the lethal outcome was associated with a gunshot wound and in 5 patients with an inflammatory process. The cause of death in a gunshot wound to the maxillofacial region was, as a rule, severe shock and brain damage. Such patients died on the first day after being wounded. The death of patients with inflammation in the maxillofacial region was associated, as a rule, with thrombosis of the dura mater, septicopyemia, mediastinitis, dystrophic changes in internal organs. As an illustration, we present an extract from the medical history.

Experimental infection of domesticated animals and the fowl with Dermatophilus congolensis

Rabbits, camels, calves, sheep, goats and donkeys were successfully infected by skin scarification with Dermatophilus congolensis. This is the first time that the camel has been shown to be susceptible to experimental infection. In contrast to the natural disease the lesions did not spread and regressed after 20 to 52 days. The histological changes were scab formation and degeneration, necrosis and micro-abscess formation in the superficial epidermal layer and the hair follicle sheaths. The fowl was refractory to infection by this route. Cutaneous lesions and foreign body granulomas were induced by embedding infected thorns in the skin of calves and rabbits. A tuberculin-type reaction was induced when the organism and Freund's adjuvant were inoculated intradermally. Calves and rabbits injected s.c. and rabbits i.p. failed to develop cutaneous lesions. The i.v. route also failed to produce skin lesions except at the site of injection in rabbits. Various gross internal lesions were observed in calves and rabbits inoculated i.v. and rabbits i.p. An anaphylactic-like reaction occurred in calves repeatedly inoculated i.v. Resistance to reinfection by scarification occurred. The histological changes in internal organs indicated severe inflammatory responses.

Scleroderma-like lesions and the carcinoid syndrome.

Patients with scleroderma-like lesions secondary to metastatic secreting carcinoid tumors are different in several ways from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. Scleroderma resulting from a carcinoid does not have an acrosclerotic distribution but develops first in dependent regions of the body following pronounced pitting edema. Raynaud's phenomenon is absent. Results of serological tests are negative. The typical internal organ changes of systemic sclerosis are not seen. Differences in end-organ (skin) response to exogenous serotonin creatinine sulfate suggest metabolic differences as well. It is probable that scleroderma arises by a different mechanism when associated with the carcinoid syndrome than when seen independently, and that this mechanism involves capillary permeability and tissue edema induced by serotonin or other active tumor metabolites.

Organ-weight/brain-weight ratios as a parameter of prenatal growth: A balanced growth theory of visceras

Except for the spleen, organ-weight/brain-weight ratios (O/B ratios) remained practically constant for each group in infants weighing 1,000 to 3,500 grams. This suggests that organ weights seem to increase proportionately at constant rates during the prenatal period (a balanced growth theory of viscera). Subtle weight changes in internal organs were detected by using O/B ratios. The thymus was small in infants with erythroblastosis; the lungs were large in infants of diabetic mothers; and the lungs and kidneys were small in infants of toxemic mothers. The liver was small in Negro male infants and twins, two groups known to have high perinatal mortality rates. Brain weights in infants with diabetes, toxemia, and erythroblastosis were within the normal expected range.

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on Pheasant Reproduction, Behavior, and Survival

Cock pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were given single capsules weekly containing either 0 or 25 mg polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) for 17 weeks in the spring of 1970. Hen pheasants mated to these cock groups were given single capsules weekly containing 0, 12.5, or 50 mg PCB (Aroclor 1254). Among groups receiving PCB, egg production was depressed significantly ( P < 0.05), and the number of eggs that were pipped but not hatched was increased significantly (P < 0.05). Even though weekly weight changes of hens, fertility and hatchability of eggs, mortality of adults, and eggshell thickness did not appear to be affected by PCB, total reproductive success was depressed. Behavior, on a visual cliff, of chicks hatched from hens given 50 mg weekly was significantly different (P < 0.01), more of them jumped to the visually deep side or made no choice of sides than chicks from other groups. Mortality of chicks from hatching to 6 weeks of age was significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the offspring of hens receiving 50 mg PCB weekly, and surviving chicks of this group were significantly lighter (P < 0.05) in weight than other groups at 6 weeks of age. EFFECTS OF PCB S ON PHEASANTS * Dahlgren and Linde} 315 tivity of Heterakis gallinae eggs with Histomonas meleagridis. Exptl. Parasitol. 6(2):189193. , AND ANNE M. CHUTE. 1970. Relative importance of young and mature turkeys and chickens in contaminating soil with Histomonas-bearing Heterakis eggs. Avian Diseases 14(2):342-348. , AND . 1971. The ring-necked pheasant ( Phasian1ls colchicus torquatus ) as a host for Heterakis gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis. Am. Midland Naturalist. ( In press. ) PHILLIPS, J. C. 1928. Wild birds introduced or transplanted in North America. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 61. 64pp. Received for publication October 10, 1970. Polychlorinated biphenyls have been detected in wildlife in Europe (The New Scientist 1966, Holden and Marsden 1967, Holmes et al. 1967, Jensen et al. 1a9, Koeman et al. 1969) and in the United States ( Risebrough et al. 1968, Anderson et al. 1969, Bagley et al. 1970, Risebrough 1970). This chlorinated hydrocarbon was found as a residue in tissues of both seabirds and land-dwelling species. The induction of steroid enzymes in the liver by PCB has been demonstrated in both laboratory rats ( Street et al. 1969 ) and in pigeons (Risebrough et al. 1968); and 1 Supported jointly by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, South Dakota State University) and The Wildlife Management Institute. since the capacity of PCB to induce these enzymes is as potent as or more potent than DDT, PCB's have been implicated in eggshell thinning. Sax ( 1963:596) indicated that the liver of man could be injured by PCB; liver damage has been shown for guinea pigs, laboratory rats, and domestic rabbits by Miller (1944). McCune et al. (1962) and Flick et al. (1N5) found that PCB fed to young chickens produced edema and pathological changes in internal organs. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of PCB on reproduction, survival, and behavior of pheasants. We are grateful to W. L. Tucker, Statistician, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, for statistical advice. This study was conducted with This content downloaded from 157.55.39.147 on Wed, 18 May 2016 06:25:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 316 Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, April 1971 funds supplied by the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.

Questions of artificial blood circulation (Based on the materials of the XII scientific session of the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences) (12-16/V 1969, Moscow)

The director of the Institute, Prof. V. I. Burakovsky, noted that the body's response to artificial blood circulation depends on the volume of perfusion, blood oxygen content and saturation, carbon dioxide elimination and anesthesia. The body's reaction to homologous blood is insufficiently studied. It consists mainly in the redistribution of blood, its "sequestration" and violation of microcirculation. With artificial blood circulation lasting 1-1.5 hours with high volumetric perfusion rates and optimal anesthesia, circulatory disorders occur with reversible changes in internal organs. Longer artificial blood circulation causes redistribution of blood, microcirculation disorders, depletion of the adrenal glands, impaired vascular permeability. The adequacy of perfusion should be determined by many indicators (by the reaction of the adrenal glands and vascular system, ECG, EEG data, urine excretion, the state of gas exchange in tissues).

Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lutetium Chloride

The pharmacological and toxicological properties of lutetium chloride have been investigated. The intraperitoneal and oral LD₅₀′s were 315 and 7.1mg./Kg., respectively. Studies of chronic toxicity showed no effect on growth and the hemogram or any internal organ changes at autopsy. Transient ocular irritation was observed, and the chemical produced extensive scar formation when applied to abraded skin. Nodules were formed at the site of intradermal injection. Pharmacological studies showed the chemical to be a depressant on all systems studied. Death resulted from cardiovascular collapse coupled with respiratory paralysis. Such effects could not be counteracted by atropinization or epinephrine injection.

The use of physiotherapy for polio tick-borne encephalitis

The onset and development of diseases in the majority of patients with poliomyelitis form of tick-borne encephalitis proceeded as follows. 10-14 days after the tick bite, the temperature rose to 39-40 , meningeal phenomena set in. At the height of the rise or the beginning of the fall in temperature, paralysis of one or both limbs, most often the upper ones, developed. Many also experienced paralysis of the cervical muscles ("drooping neck"). Paralysis was of a peripheral nature with atrophy and hypotonia of muscles, weakening or complete absence of tendon and periosteal reflexes and changes in electrical excitability of a peripheral nature. The blood showed moderate leukocytosis with a shift to the left and a decrease in eosinophils and monocytes. With a lumbar puncture, the fluid pressure in the majority was increased, cytosis - from 10 to 100 cells, protein - from 0.5 to 1.5%, and sometimes even higher. In a number of patients, changes in internal organs and disorders of a vegetative-trophic nature were observed.

To the pathomorphology of experimental helminthic pneumonia

The dynamics of pathomorphological changes in internal organs caused by the migration of ascariasis larvae is one of the most interesting and poorly studied issues of pathology.

Histological changes of internal organs in congenital syphilis

Having examined 18 cases of congenital untreated syphilis. D.D. Tikhomirov found that the most frequent changes in internal organs in the latter are infiltrative, then productive-interstitial (cirrhotic) and, finally, gummies.