Changes In Hydrological Cycle Research Articles

The Indian Situation of Livestock Farming & Planetary Boundaries

The crucial thing about livestock farming is that it should not affect local, regional and global human life and environment in any way. The planetary boundaries (PB) that affect us all are – ozone depletion, loss of biosphere integrity, chemical pollution, release of novel entities into the atmosphere, climate change, ocean acidification, freshwater depletion, changes in global hydrological cycle, and the land system change. Scientists note that beyond these PB, we cannot push earth systems. In India, the situation is not yet that alarming, but steps need be initiated now to control them, as the local/regional entities affect the global PB. For India, crucial are lowering per capita consumption and achieving a more equitable distribution of access to resources among people. With respect to livestock farming important aspects are land use pattern, drinking water, greenhouse gas production, climate change and bio-physical consumption. And there are worrying aspects of costs of achieving this. Some suggested steps needed with respect to livestock farming are – resorting to soil and eco friendly farming that puts less demands on resources; use of indigenous livestock breeds and varieties with higher capacity to withstand harsh conditions; interventions to reduce enteric emissions by ruminants; improved quality of dry fodders using modern technologies; better use of dung, urine and left-over fodder; use of time-tested manure products like Panchagavya; encouraging mixed, diversified and integrated farming systems to reduce wastes; reduce water usage by and on livestock farms; and many-fold improvement of health care, extension, supplies and marketing to benefit small farmers..

Factors affecting variations in the hydrological cycle at different temporal and spatial scales

The climate is changing intensively, causing major variations in the local, regional, and eventually global hydrological cycle. Furthermore, climate changes strongly affect individual components of the hydrological cycle. The prevailing present-day opinion is that climate change is primarily caused by anthropogenic production of CO2. This assumption is automatically accepted as the main reason or at least a contributory cause of changes in the hydrological cycle. However, changes in hydrological cycle appear to be a significantly more complex problem. At the same time, various other processes take place on different temporal and spatial scales. The article discusses numerous natural and human-caused factors that can affect changes in the hydrological cycle. When considering the factors that affect the planetary hydrological cycle on any temporal or spatial scale, it is necessary to consider many potential causes and understand their interactions. The natural factors discussed in this paper are Milanković cycles, Wolf number, Hurst phenomenon, earthquakes, volcanoes, and meteorite impacts. Among the anthropogenic influences, the role of dams and reservoirs is emphasized.

Detection and Attribution of Alpine Inland Lake Changes by Using Random Forest Algorithm

The alpine inland lake dynamics have been good indicators of changes in terrestrial hydrological cycles under global climate change. However, the relationship between alpine inland lake and climatic factors remained largely uncertain. This study examines the spatial-temporal change of the fluctuation of the lake by using dense time series Landsat TM/ETM/OLI images to delineate water boundary information based on the Random Forest algorithm and using ICESat (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) dataset to monitor changes in variations of water level. Variations of Qinghai Lake (QHL) were analyzed from 1987 to 2020 and the mechanism of these changes was discussed with meteorological data. The results indicated that the QHL fluctuated strongly showing a pattern of shrinkage–expansion over the last three decades. The lake storage significantly decreased by −2.58 × 108 m3·yr−1 (R2 = 0.86, p < 0.01) from 1989 to 2004 and sharply increased (6.92 × 108 m3·yr−1, R2 = 0.92, p < 0.01) after 2004. The relationship between the lake and climate over the last 30 years implies that the decreasing evaporation and increasing precipitation were the major factors affecting the fluctuation of lake storage. Meanwhile, the temporal heterogeneity of the driving mechanism of climate change led to the phased characteristics of lake storage change. In detail, obvious warming led to the shrinkage of the QHL before 2004 through increasing evaporation, while humidifying and accelerating wind stilling dominated the expansion of the QHL after 2004 by increasing precipitation and decreasing evaporation. This paper indicated that the frameworks of multi-source remote sensing and accurate detection of water bodies were required to protect the high-altitude lakes from further climate changes based on the findings of this paper of the QHL recently. The framework presented herein can provide accurate detection and monitoring of water bodies in different locations in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and provide a necessary basis for future political activities and decisions in terms of sustainable water resource management.

Analysis and Correction of Precipitation Observation Error in Henan Province

Accurate precipitation data is the basis for studying regional hydrological cycle and climate change, and correcting the precipitation observation error can effectively improve its accuracy. Therefore, based on the daily observation data (including snow and rain types) of 111 meteorological stations in Henan Province from 1960 to 2017, the precipitation observation error correction equation obtained from the precipitation error comparison observation experiment conducted in the Urumqi River Basin of China in the International Cooperation Project on Solid Precipitation Observation carried out by the World Meteorological Organization in 1980 was used to systematically correct the dynamic loss, wetness loss and trace loss of precipitation at 111 meteorological stations from 1960 to 2017. The main conclusions are: (1) The absolute error of each season decreases from south to north, the average absolute error in summer is the largest, 47.30mm, and the winter is the smallest; while the relative error is the opposite, the largest in winter and the smallest in summer. (2) The absolute error of the average annual precipitation in the entire region is above 60mm, gradually increasing from north to south, and the error in most areas is 70-160mm; The relative error varies little from region to region, and the error range is 10%-16%. (3) The average annual rainfall before the correction was 761.92mm, and the average annual rainfall after the correction was 881.1mm, and the corrected value was 119.18mm. There was a decreasing trend in rainfall before and after the correction from 1960 to 2017, but the trend of reduction in the revised rainfall series was greater than that in the measured series.

GNSS-DERIVED PRECIPITABLE WATER VAPOR MODELING USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS

Abstract. Atmospheric water vapor plays a vital role in phenomena related to the global hydrological cycle and climate changes, and its Spatio-temporal modeling and prediction help to identify and predict climatic phenomena. Accordingly, in this study, hourly precipitable water vapor (PWV) data sets for 27 stations receiving Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations in one month and machine learning methods were used to estimate PWV. Machine learning methods used in this study 1. Random Forest Regression (RFR) method 2. Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR). The root mean square error (RMSE) in PWV estimation with the RFR method (RFR PWV) is 2.42 mm, and in PWV estimation with the XGBR method (XGBR PWV) is 2.75 mm, and the R-squared (R2) of the RFR method is 0.74, and for the XGBR method, these values are equal to 0.71. The obtained results show the efficiency and accuracy of both models in estimating PWV, which shows that machine learning methods have been able to recognize the behavior and changes of precipitable vapor in a small spatial and temporal interval. Although both ways had high accuracies, the RFR model performed slightly better and had better accuracy than the XGBR model.

Estamos na mesma montanha? Por uma abertura ontológica da conservação dos páramos nos Andes

Abstract The biodiversity of the high Andean mountains has made it urgent to conserve the Páramos, which are recognized as essential ecosystems for the hydrological cycle and climate change mitigation. Colombia, which has 50% of these ecosystems in the world, has been cartographically delimiting the páramos since 2012 to promote their conservation. For the communities, the maps do not reflect the care work and practices with which they inhabit the páramo on daily life. Through ethnography and documentary review, we make an ontological analysis of the delimitation process and the conflicts it originated in the regions of Santurbán and Sumapaz. We argue that the environmental challenges faced by the high mountain demand the need for a reflexive conservation of its own ontology and to conduct environmental policy from an ontological openness that conceives the páramo as a permanent material composition of situated practices where different ways of making-world intervene.

Analysis of Variation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Precipitation Isotopes in the Monsoon Region of Offshore China—A Case Study of Hong Kong

To explore the isotopic composition of precipitation in the monsoon region of offshore China, this paper takes Hong Kong, China as the study area. Based on the Global Network of Isotope in Precipitation (GNIP), the data about hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the precipitation of Hong Kong from 1961 to 2022 were collected, from which its time variation trend was obtained via linear regression. Further, the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the precipitation of Hong Kong were analyzed. According to the results, the precipitation isotopes and d-excess in Hong Kong have no significant inter-annual variability. The seasonal variation of precipitation isotope and d-excess is monthly apparent, both of which are lower in the rainy season and higher in the dry season. In addition, the seasonal periodicity of isotope and d-excess proves that the main source of precipitation is marine water vapor, and the source of water vapor controlling precipitation in Hong Kong remains stable as a whole. The global meteoric water line in Hong Kong is δD=8.17δ18O+11.82, which is very close to the global one. Meanwhile, δ18O in precipitation is negatively correlated with the temperature, precipitation, and water vapor pressure. As the main driving force to control its isotope variation, precipitation conceals the effect of temperature. Taking Hong Kong as an example, the above research reveals some characteristics of monsoon regions in offshore China, which is of positive significance for further investigating the influencing factors of the hydrologic cycle and isotope change at regional and local scales in the future.

An R package of maximum entropy production model to estimate 41 years of global evapotranspiration

An accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is vital for understanding the global hydrological cycle. However, large uncertainties in the present global ET products originate from the distinct model structures, assumptions, and inputs. The maximum entropy production (MEP) model provides a novel method for modeling ET based on parsimonious inputs and energy conservation. In this study, an R package for MEP (RMEP) was presented to facilitate MEP model implementation. Based on RMEP, a global ET analysis was conducted using inputs from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) and Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) products during 1978–2018, and the Mann-Kendall and Theil–Sen’s methods were employed to detect the ET trends. The MEP-estimated average annual global land ET was 517 mm yr−1 during 1978–2018, and showed a close agreement with eddy-covariance (EC) measurements from 475 flux sites, with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 and root-mean-square error of 26.99 mm mon−1. The overall performance of MEP was evaluated across various land covers, and a higher ET accuracy was revealed for forestlands, wetlands, and cropland land covers. The MEP-derived ET trend corresponded well with the EC-observed ET trend, and the results indicated that the global land ET declined continuously during 1999–2018. Overall, the MEP model provided an accurate ET estimate with parsimonious inputs, which outperformed the GLDAS-Noah ET product and can serve as a global analytical method for the hydrological cycle and climate change.

Orbitally forced organic matter accumulation recorded in an Early Permian mid-latitude palaeolake

Organic matter (OM) sequestration acts as a significant sink of the CO2 in Earth's carbon cycle and is tightly associated with the climate and depositional environments. However, the dominant factors controlling OM burial in different depositional settings and the orbitally forced variations in the lacustrine OM accumulation remain poorly constrained. Here, we investigate the depositional environment of the Lucaogou Formation in southern Junggar Basin, northwestern China and further decipher the astronomically forced OM accumulation in different depositional environments. Sedimentological and cyclostratigraphic studies show that both shallow lake and semi-deep to deep lake deposits recorded significant Milankovitch signals among of which ∼405 kyr, ∼91 kyr, 34.5–37.4 kyr, and 17.3–22.8 kyr are interpreted to be long eccentricity, short eccentricity, obliquity, and precession cycles, respectively. A linkage among the lithofacies, natural gamma ray (NGR), and total organic carbon (TOC) content suggests that the depositional environment and OM accumulation were in pace with the hydrological cycle and lake-level changes, in response to the astronomically forced changes in the ice volume and monsoonal intensity. In the semi-deep to deep lake, TOC content tightly tracks the lithofacies and shows an in-phase relationship with NGR. However, this phase relationship has changed with sedimentary facies. The gypsiferous shale deposited in the restricted environment during lowstand intervals has higher TOC content than highstand dolomitic mudstone, demonstrating an anti-phase relationship with NGR data. Our study indicates that the OM sequestration is a dynamically cumulative process of supply and degradation. The different responses of the OM sequestration to the climate change in different environments suggest that detailed sedimentological studies are essential for the cyclostratigraphic analysis.

Hydroclimatic intensity change in China during the past decades and its future trend based on CMIP5/6

Changes in the hydrological cycle have far reaching impacts on agricultural productivity, transport availability, energy supply. For example, increasing intensity and declining frequency of rainfall in China have led to a prolonged period of drought as well as more floods, with serious impacts on economics and environment. Different hydrological indices, for instance the accumulated precipitation, the Palmer drought severity index etc., which can reflect the intensity of precipitation or drought, have been proposed to understand the change of hydrological cycle. However, they lead to obvious disagreements in case of China's hydrological cycle because various indices emphasis mainly on either wet or dry feature of the hydrological cycle. The disagreements interfere our ability to manage environmental assets, drought risks, and flood hazards. To reconcile these disagreements, this study has utilized a hydroclimatic intensity index (HY-INT) which is proposed innovatively by previous study with advantages in quantifying the intensity of hydrological cycle. HY-INT integrates and amplifies the signals of precipitation intensity and dry spell length, viewing the response of these two metrics to warming as deeply interconnected. An increase of HY-INT represents the accelerated hydrological cycle and the increased risks of wet and/or dry extremes. Based on the daily gauged precipitation at 540 stations within mainland China, this study has assessed the change of HY-INT in China during 1961–2017. The results show an increasing trend of HY-INT in central-east China, indicating the increasing intensity of hydrological cycle (i.e., more severe droughts and/or rainfall events). While a decreasing trend of HY-INT is observed in northwestern China which implies less wet-dry extremes. Future change of HY-INT is further assessed based on the outputs from climate models in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 5 and phase 6 (CMIP5 and CMIP6) under the more realistic medium stabilization emission scenarios. The models are weighted by the performances in reproducing both spatial distribution and inter-annual variability of observed HY-INT. Results of weighted multi-model ensemble suggest an increased hydrological cycle over most part of China, especially in the Yangtze River Basin, indicating more wet-dry extremes. While an exception is seen in northwest China where the HY-INT will decline due to the dominance of the decreased dry spell length over the increased precipitation intensity. This reveals an alleviated intensity of hydrological cycle and fewer wet-dry extreme events therein, similar to the change in recent decades. The changes of HY-INT are attributed to the different variation patterns in the precipitation probability, which are associated with the change in atmospheric instability and moisture content.

Characteristics and Impact Factors of Number Concentration of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles in Beijing

Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) are an important part of ambient aerosols. Both living and dead organisms not only influence human health and air quality but also play important roles in regulating certain atmospheric processes and affect the hydrological cycle and climate change. In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) was utilized in combination with the simultaneous use of permeant (SYBR Green I) and impermeant (propidium iodide, PI) nucleic acid fluorescent staining to detect and quantify the viable and dead airborne biological particles. At the same time, based on this method, the dead/viable PBAP in a Beijing urban area was detected and quantified. Moreover, the influence of environmental factors on the concentrations of primary biological aerosol particles was illuminated. The results showed that the media number concentration of dead and alive PBAP in the Beijing urban area during summer (1.03×106 m-3 and 7.43×105 m-3, respectively) were higher than those during winter (7.34×105 m-3and 6.18×105 m-3, respectively). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between PBAP number concentration and environmental factors, i.e., meteorological conditions and air quality, showing a weak positive correlation with temperature and humidity and weak negative correlations with O3, maximum wind speed, and sunshine duration. The number concentration of PBAP was weakly correlated with the mass concentration of PM2.5 but positively correlated with that of coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10). Both stable weather and dust transport could increase the number concentration of PBAP in Beijing.

Trends and Changes in Hydrologic Cycle in the Huanghuaihai River Basin from 1956 to 2018

The Huanghuaihai River Basin (HRB) is one of the most prominent areas of water resource contradiction in China. It is of great significance to explore the relationship between water balance in this area for a deep understanding of the response of the water cycle to climate change. In this study, machine learning methods are used to prolong the actual evapotranspiration (ET) of the basin on the time scale and explore water balances calculated from various sources. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) it is found that the simulation accuracy of Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) products in HRB is good. The annual average ET spatial distribution tends to increase from northwest to southeast; (2) three machine learning algorithms are used to construct the ET calculation model. The correlation coefficients of the three methods are all above 0.9 and the mean relative error values of random forest (RF) are all less than 30%. The RF has the best effect; (3) the relative errors of water balance in HRB from 1956–1979, 1980–2002 and 2003–2018 are less than ±5%, which indicates that the calculation of each element of the water cycle in the study area can well reflect the water balance relationship of the basin.

Correction: Global hydro-climatological indicators and changes in the global hydrological cycle and rainfall patterns

Correction: Global hydro-climatological indicators and changes in the global hydrological cycle and rainfall patterns

Global hydro-climatological indicators and changes in the global hydrological cycle and rainfall patterns

There are few commonly used indicators that describe the state of Earth’s global hydrological cycle and here we propose three indicators to capture how an increased greenhouse effect influences the global hydrological cycle and the associated rainfall patterns. They are: i) the 24-hr global total rainfall, ii) the global surface area with daily precipitation, and iii) the global mean precipitation intensity. With a recent progress in both global satellite observations and reanalyses, we can now estimate the global rainfall surface area to provide new insights into how rainfall intensity changes over time. Based on the ERA5 reanalysis, we find that the global area of daily precipitation decreased from 43 to 41% of the global area between 1950 and 2020, whereas the total daily global rainfall increased from 1440 Gt to 1510 Gt per day. However, the estimated 24-hr global precipitation surface area varies when estimated from different reanalyses and the estimates are still uncertain. To further investigate historical variations in the precipitation surface area, we carried out a wavelet analysis of 24-hr precipitation from the ERA5 reanalysis that indicated how the rainfall patterns have changed over time. Our results suggest that individual precipitation systems over the globe have shrunk in terms of their spatial extent while becoming more intense throughout the period 1950–2020. Hence, the wavelet results are in line with an acceleration of the rate of the global hydrological cycle, combined with a diminishing global area of rainfall.

Assessing the Relationship between Freshwater Flux and Sea Surface Salinity

Exploring the relationship between evaporation (E)-minus-precipitation (P) and sea surface salinity (SSS) is vital for understanding global hydrological cycle changes and investigating the salinity budget. This study quantifies the uncertainty in the relationship between E−P and SSS based on satellite data over the 50°S–50°N ocean from 2012 to 2017 in 140 sets of combinations of E, P and SSS. We find that the uncertainty (10%) in the variability of freshwater flux (FWF) over 2012–2017 is smaller than that in SSS (15%). The difference in the combination of sets of “E-P-SSS” products can lead to the 10% difference in RMSD and 25% difference in area-weighted mean correlation coefficients between SSS tendency and FWF. There is a 24.1~58% area over the global ocean with a significant (p value < 0.05) positive correlation between the FWF and SSS tendency derived from satellite products. The seasonal EMP and SSS tendencies show larger correlation coefficients and lower RMSDs over most sets compared with those on nonseasonal time scales. Large uncertainty in the FWF-SSS tendency relation associated with spread among products prevents the use of one combination of E, P and SSS from satellite-based products for salinity budget analysis.

Assessment of the changes in contributions from water sources to streamflow induced by urbanization in a small-sized catchment in Southeastern Brazil using the dual stable isotopes of water (18O and 2H).

Urban growth often results in changes in the urban hydrological cycle, causing impacts on water availability in densely populated regions. The water isotopologues can provide relevant information about the origin of water under different hydrogeological scenarios, aiding to implement better strategies for water conservation in coupled natural-urbanized environments. In this study, the isotopic compositions of multiple water sources were assessed in a pristine (Ipanema National Forest, FLONA) and an urbanized (Lavapés catchment, SOR) watershed located in the Sorocaba River basin (State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil), seeking to understand the causes of isotopic variability and to determine the relative contribution from different sources to streamflow, using the Bayesian mixing model approach. Differences in isotopic composition were observed, as FLONA yielded the most depleted water (ca. -7.5 ‰ [Formula: see text]18O for surface and groundwater and ca. + 11.0 ‰ d-excess), while SOR yielded the most enriched water (ca. -5.5‰ [Formula: see text]18O for surface and groundwater and -3.8‰ [Formula: see text]18O for the water supply system), with evidence of evaporation (ca. + 8.2 ‰ d-excess). The differences observed in isotopic compositions are related to a combination of different factors, such as geological framework, groundwater recharge, and evaporation associated with the Itupararanga water reservoir. Both in FLONA and SOR, groundwater discharge is the most important factor that regulates streamflow. However, in SOR, losses from the water supply system were almost constant along the year, representing an important contribution. The results presented here highlight the use of isotope hydrology techniques to solve problems related to urban hydrology.

Effects of Vegetation Changes and Multiple Environmental Factors on Evapotranspiration Across China Over the Past 34 Years

AbstractDocumenting the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation cover and hydrological cycle of the Earth system and understanding how they interact are important especially under climate warming. In this research, we quantified the changes in vegetation and evapotranspiration (E) across China during 1982–2015 and then revealed the complex relationships in climate–vegetation–evapotranspiration system. Results show that the upward trend in vegetation leaf area index (LAI) during 2000–2015 (an increase of 0.95% per year) was almost 8 times the trend during 1982–1999. The zones of the Loess Plateau and the Three‐North Shelter Forest Program are the most notable areas for LAI increases between these two periods, with increases of 11.65% and 2.87%, respectively. Increased LAI, along with the warming climate, has accelerated E across China in the past several decades, and the annual increase in the E rate was 0.34% (1.34 mm year−1) during 1982–1999 and 0.40% (1.62 mm year−1) during 2000–2015. The zones of the Loess Plateau and the karst landform are the most notable areas for transpiration increases, with individual increases of 10% and 5%, respectively. In general, the dominant causes for evaporation changes across all of China are temperature and precipitation, while the main reasons for transpiration changes include temperature, LAI, and sunshine duration. This study improves our understanding of the relationships within the climate–vegetation–evapotranspiration system and provides important support for future ecological policies across China.

Reconciling historical changes in the hydrological cycle over land

The sixth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report confirms that global warming drives widespread changes in the global terrestrial hydrological cycle, and that changes are regionally diverse. However, reported trends and changes in the hydrological cycle suffer from significant inconsistencies. This is associated with the lack of a rigorous observationally-based assessment of simultaneous trends in the different components of the hydrological cycle. Here, we reconcile these different estimates of historical changes by simultaneously analysing trends in all the major components of the hydrological cycle, coupled with vegetation greenness for the period 1980–2012. We use observationally constrained, conserving estimates of the closure of the hydrological cycle, combined with a data assimilation approach and observationally-driven uncertainty estimates. We find robust changes in the hydrological cycle across more than 50% of the land area, with evapotranspiration (ET) changing the most and precipitation (P) the least. We find many instances of unambiguous trends in ET and runoff (Q) without robust trends in P, a result broadly consistent with a “wet gets wetter, but dry does not get drier”. These findings provide important opportunities for water resources management and climate risk assessment over a significant fraction of the land surface where hydrological trends have previously been uncertain.

Projected Changes in the East Asian Hydrological Cycle for Different Levels of Future Global Warming

Recent decades have shown significant changes to the hydrological cycle over East Asia (EA), and further changes are expected due to future global warming. This study evaluates projected seasonal changes in the EA hydrological cycle using simulations that are 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C and 3.0 ∘C warmer than pre-industrial, from the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) Global Ocean Mixed Layer model version 2.0 (GOML2.0), compared against present-day conditions. The moisture sources of the warming-induced precipitation changes are identified over five hydrologically unique regions within EA. Precipitation over EA increases with warming (except over southeastern EA in the spring and autumn) due to the intensified hydrological cycle. The projected seasonal changes in the hydrological cycle are usually nonlinear, with the rate of change between 1.5 ∘C and 2.0 ∘C larger than the rate of change between 2.0 ∘C and 3.0 ∘C of warming. The warming-induced precipitation increases are mainly associated with an increase in remote moisture convergence rather than local moisture recycling, except over the Tibetan Plateau. Decomposition of the changes in moisture sources by direction and flux component indicate that changes from the west are dominated by changes to moisture and changes from the north are more circulation driven. The changes from the south are moisture driven over southern EA and driven by moisture and circulation change over northern EA. Our results highlight the regionally and seasonally diverse projected changes to the EA hydrological cycle due to global warming, which will be useful for region-specific climate mitigation policies and the implementation of seasonally varying adaptation methods.

KERAGAMAN TUMBUHAN INVASIF DI HUTAN PENELITIAN DRAMAGA BOGOR

Invasive Plant is species that dominate an area or places, both are native species and non-native species. Invasive Plants is one of the crucial problems in ecosystem management because it is a major component of global environmental change, threats to biodiversity and local species, as well as, causes of changes in nutrient cycles, fire cycles, hydrological cycles, and energy balance. The purpose of this study is to prove that plants far from the road are more commonly invaded by invasive species and that physical and biological factors affect the growth of invasive species. The research was conducted at the Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor from June 2020 to August 2020. This study used a vegetation analysis method, which is using nesting plots that have a size of 2 x 2 m for seedlings, 5 x 5 m for saplings, 10 x 10 m for poles, and 20 x 20 m for trees. Plots were made in two locations, close to the road and far from the road. The location close to the road was 5 - 10 meters, and far from the road was 70 - 80 meters The total plots made in this study were 16 plots in each size. The results showed that the highest diversity was found at the level of seedlings, namely medium status (2.00-3.00) according to the Shannon-Wiener index. The results showed that the statistical analysis of the diversity of weeds in the Dramaga Research Forest were not significantly different, between plants close to the road and plants far from the road. This is causing by physical factors that are not significantly different based on statistical tests. The growth of invasive plant species is influenced by several factors, such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil pH. Keywords: Dramaga Research Forest Bogor, Invasive species, Vegetation analysis