Changes In Functional State Research Articles

Towards Integrating Federated Learning with Split Learning via Spatio-temporal Graph Framework for Brain Disease Prediction.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is used for extracting blood oxygen signals from brain regions to map brain functional connectivity for brain disease prediction. Despite its effectiveness, fMRI has not been widely used: on the one hand, collecting and labeling the data is time-consuming and costly, which limits the amount of valid data collected at a single healthcare site; on the other hand, integrating data from multiple sites is challenging due to data privacy restrictions. To address these issues, we propose a novel, integrated Federated learning and Split learning Spatio-temporal Graph framework (FS2G). Specifically, we introduce federated learning and split learning techniques to split a spatio-temporal model into a client temporal model and a server spatial model. In the client temporal model, we propose a time-aware mechanism to focus on changes in brain functional states and use an InceptionTime model to extract information about changes in the brain states of each subject. In the server spatial model, we propose a united graph convolutional network to integrate multiple graph convolutional networks. Integrating federated learning and split learning, FS2G can utilize multi-site fMRI data without violating data privacy protection and reduce the risk of overfitting as it is capable of learning from limited training data sets. Moreover, it boosts the extraction of spatio-temporal features of fMRI using spatio-temporal graph networks. Experiments on ABIDE and ADHD200 datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we explore biomarkers associated with brain disease prediction using community discovery algorithms using intermediate results of FS2G. The source code is available at https://github.com/yutian0315/FS2G.

Survey of driver's functional state change, considering movement through mountain passes

According to traffic accident statistics, the main causes are violations of traffic rules. Based on scientific research, it is clear that the main reason for these events is the drivers' incorrect assessment of the road situation and their inadequate response. Assessing road conditions depends on drivers' qualifications, skills, work experience, reaction time, and other physiological factors. The functional state of drivers is important to consider. It reflects their ability to work reliably and affects both fatigue levels and how fatigue builds up. Factors that impact decision-making speed and quality are crucial when evaluating the risks of the transportation process, particularly those associated with human behavior. This study investigates the safety of freight transportation for drivers, road users, third parties, and the environment. The study focuses on road traffic characteristics in mountainous conditions at high altitudes. The study aims to analyze how drivers' performance is affected while navigating challenging sections of mountain roads in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Four different routes will be examined. The research will provide graphic analysis of the results. It will show the main patterns of changes in drivers' functional state based on the route's complexity. The research aims to analyze indicators of drivers' functional state and their impact on their performance reliability. It allows for a more detailed evaluation of transport routes and planning of truck drivers' work and rest schedules on suburban routes.

PECULIARITIES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM INDICATORS, THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE THYROID GLAND IN THE COURSE TREATMENT WITH TELMISARTAN AS PART OF THE COMPLEX THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ON THE BASIS OF METAB

Aim. Is to study the characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism indicators, the functional state of the thyroid gland in the course treatment with Telmisartan as a part of the complex therapy of patients with Coronary Artery Disease, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the basis of Metabolic Syndrome.
 Materials and Methods. Research design. The first stage - formation of groups (the experimental group and the comparison group). The experimental group consisting of 27 patients (13 men and 14 women), taking Telmisartan 80 mg/day as a part of complex therapy (Metformin, Amlodipine, Rosuvastatin, Acetylsalicylic acid, and Nitroglycerin as needed). The comparison group consisting of 24 patients (12 men and 12 women) taking Ramipril, 5 mg/day in addition to the standard therapy, mentioned above. At the second stage, the patients were examined for carbohydrate metabolism and Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free Thyroxine. At the third stage, patients were prescribed the treatment for 1 month. The dose of metformin did not change during the study. Re-examination of hormones and carbohydrate metabolism parameters one month after the start of therapy was carried out at the fourth stage. The control group consisted of 40 practically healthy people (17 men and 23 women). The work involved researching the carbohydrate spectrum parameters as well as the followings hormones: free Thyroxine and Thyroid-stimulating hormone, control of blood pressure parameters. The Patients were examined twice, on the day of admission to inpatient treatment and after 1 month. According to the results of the obtained data, the studied groups were compared with each other, as well as with a group of healthy individuals.
 Results and Discussion. The study compared the dynamics of blood pressure parameters, indicators of carbohydrate metabolism, Thyroid-stimulating hormone and Free thyroxine in patients with Coronary Artery Disease and compensated type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the basis of Metabolic Syndrome, depending on their intake of Telmisartan or Ramipril against the background of standard therapy, which included: Metformin, Amlodipine, Acetylsalicylic acid. In the group taking Telmisartan as part of complex treatment, a decrease in clinical manifestations of syntropic pathology was found, and the presence of positive dynamics of diastolic blood pressure indicators was noted even after 1 month of treatment. Patients experienced a decrease in the frequency of angina attacks, reduced shortness of breath, palpitations during exercise, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, improved attention and memory. The results of our study show taking Telmisartan as a part of complex therapy contributed to changes in the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism such as fasting blood glucose, insulin level, HOMA-IR index decreased significantly, which can be explained by a decrease in insulin resistance at addition Telmisartan to the complex treatment. In contrast to the mentioned above parameters, indicators of glycosylated hemoglobin after 1 month treatment did not change significantly, which can be explained by the insufficient duration of treatment. In the patients of the experimental group, it was found that the level of Thyroid-stimulating hormone significantly decreased during treatment with Telmisartan as part of complex therapy, in contrast to the comparison group, taking Ramipril at the same time. The level of free Thyroxine in patients with experimental group increased a month after start of therapy, while it remained unchanged in patients with comparison group.
 Conclusions. The effectiveness of correction of diastolic blood pressure parameters, the presence of peculiarities of changes in carbohydrate metabolism and thyroid functional state when Telmisartan is used as part of the complex therapy of patients with Coronary Artery Disease and compensated type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the basis of Metabolic Syndrome. The use of Telmisartan as part of complex treatment reduces insulin resistance; helps to reduce the level of fasting blood glucose, values of the HOMA-IR index, as well as the amount of insulin in the blood. The use of Telmisartan in patients with Coronary Artery Disease and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the basis of Metabolic Syndrome aids in reducing the level of Thyroid-stimulating hormone and increase in free Thyroxine (within the reference values), confirming participation in the correction of metabolic changes.

Proteomic profiling of interferon-responsive reactive astrocytes in rodent and human.

Astrocytes are a heterogeneous population of central nervous system glial cells that respond to pathological insults and injury by undergoing a transformation called "reactivity." Reactive astrocytes exhibit distinct and context-dependent cellular, molecular, and functional state changes that can either support or disturb tissue homeostasis. We recently identified a reactive astrocyte sub-state defined by interferon-responsive genes like Igtp, Ifit3, Mx1, and others, called interferon-responsive reactive astrocytes (IRRAs). To further this transcriptomic definition of IRRAs, we wanted to define the proteomic changes that occur in this reactive sub-state. We induced IRRAs in immunopanned rodent astrocytes and human iPSC-differentiated astrocytes using TNF, IL1α, C1Q, and IFNβ and characterized their proteomic profile (both cellular and secreted) using unbiased quantitative proteomics. We identified 2335 unique cellular proteins, including IFIT2/3, IFITM3, OASL1/2, MX1/2/3, and STAT1. We also report that rodent and human IRRAs secrete PAI1, a serine protease inhibitor which may influence reactive states and functions of nearby cells. Finally, we evaluated how IRRAs are distinct from neurotoxic reactive astrocytes (NRAs). While NRAs are described by expression of the complement protein C3, it was not upregulated in IRRAs. Instead, we found ~90 proteins unique to IRRAs not identified in NRAs, including OAS1A, IFIT3, and MX1. Interferon signaling in astrocytes is critical for the antiviral immune response and for regulating synaptic plasticity and glutamate transport mechanisms. How IRRAs contribute to these functions is unknown. This study provides the basis for future experiments to define the functional roles of IRRAs in the context of neurodegenerative disorders.

Graph-based analysis of EEG for schizotypy classification applying flicker Ganzfeld stimulation

Ganzfeld conditions induce alterations in brain function and pseudo-hallucinatory experiences, particularly in people with high positive schizotypy. The current study uses graph-based parameters to investigate and classify brain networks under Ganzfeld conditions as a function of positive schizotypy. Participants from the general population (14 high schizotypy (HS), 29 low schizotypy (LS)) had an electroencephalography assessment during Ganzfeld conditions, with varying visual activation (8 frequencies of random light flicker) and soundscape-induced mood (neutral, serenity, and anxiety). Weighted functional networks were computed in six frequency sub-bands (delta, theta, alpha-low, alpha-high, beta, and gamma) as a function of light-flicker frequency and mood. The brain network was analyzed using graph theory parameters, including clustering coefficient (CC), strength, and global efficiency (GE). It was found that the LS groups had higher CC and strength than the HS groups, especially in bilateral temporal and frontotemporal brain regions. Moreover, some decreases in CC and strength measures were found in LS groups among occipital and parieto-occipital brain regions. LS groups also had significantly higher GE in all Ganzfeld conditions compared to the HS groups. The random under-sampling boosting (RUSBoost) algorithm achieved the best classification performance with an accuracy of 95.34%, specificity of 96.55%, and sensitivity of 92.85% during an anxiety-induction Ganzfeld condition. This is the first exploration of the relationship between brain functional state changes under Ganzfeld conditions in individuals who vary in positive schizotypy. The accuracy of graph-based parameters in classifying brain states as a function of schizotypy is shown, particularly for brain activity during anxiety induction, and should be investigated in psychosis.

Change of functional state in cardiological patients before and after coronoviral infection

Goal — was to assess the quality of life and the functional state of the cardiovascular system of patients who have had COVID-19, to outline the further tactics of recovery of the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. The study included 131 patients, men (n = 84) and women (n = 47), aged 41–76 years, with the presence of cardiovascular disease. Patients for a long time 4.4 ± 1.3 years, are under outpatient supervision in polyclinic No. 3, Makhachkala. Of the 131 patients included in the study: ischemic heart disease: angina pectoris I-II functional class was in n = 59 (45.0 %), arterial hypertension in n = 72 (55.0 %). All patients filled out the World Health Organization’s quality of life questionnaire, daily monitoring of electrocardiography, blood pressure, echocardiography and other types of examination was performed. The research was carried out in accordance with the norms and principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Results. After 2 months. after the COVID-19 illness, the survey showed that 62 patients (47.3 %) (p = 0.0026) were dissatisfied with the quality of life, before the illness, this figure was (28.3 %). Another 69 patients (52.7 %) are not satisfied with their state of health (p = 0.0048), against (30.4 %) — before coronavirus disease. Physical pain interferes with life — 48 patients (36.6 %) (p = 0.0019), before illness, only (24.5 %), and so on. Thus, the change in the status of quality of life “before and after” was statistically significant, p < 0.05. After 2 months. after coronavirus disease and discharge from the hospital, the daily monitoring of electrocardiography showed that in patients with exertional angina pectoris I-II functional class, ischemic and arrhythmic indicators were significant compared with the primary data p < 0.05. At the same time, the data of daily monitoring of electrocardiography in patients with arterial hypertension reached the indicators of patients with angina pectoris I-II functional class. The results of 24-hour monitoring of blood pressure before and after coronavirus disease showed that patients with increased numbers of systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased, with grade II arterial hypertension by n = 7, and with grade III. by n = 6. Hypertensive crisis began to be noted, almost every third patient had 16 (22.2 %), only 2 (2.8 %) patients were hospitalized with a stroke. Initial and after COVID-19, echocardiographic parameters were as follows, a significant decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume from 133.2 ± 4.2 to 127.0 ± 3.4, end-systolic volume from 77.3 ± 2.6 to 72.4 ± 7.01. The total ejection fraction significantly decreased in comparison with the initial data: from 49.6 ± 4.2 to 41.9 ± 7.3. There was a significant decrease in stroke volume from 61.7 ± 4.1 to 54.0 ± 5.8. Conclusion. After analyzing the laboratory and instrumental data of the patients’ examination, we noticed that the real functional state decreased by a quarter in comparison with the initial indicators. But the survey of the quality of life showed that patients tend to overestimate the problems of their functional state by up to 30–40 %. At the same time, almost one third of our patients have developed post-ovarian syndrome, most of them developed depression, anxiety and fear for their health.

Systemic alterations in neutrophils and their precursors in early-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Systemic inflammation is established as part of late-stage severe lung disease, but molecular, functional, and phenotypic changes in peripheral immune cells in early disease stages remain ill defined. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major respiratory disease characterized by small-airway inflammation, emphysema, and severe breathing difficulties. Using single-cell analyses we demonstrate that blood neutrophils are already increased in early-stage COPD, and changes in molecular and functional neutrophil states correlate with lung function decline. Assessing neutrophils and their bone marrow precursors in a murine cigarette smoke exposure model identified similar molecular changes in blood neutrophils and precursor populations that also occur in the blood and lung. Our study shows that systemic molecular alterations in neutrophils and their precursors are part of early-stage COPD, a finding to be further explored for potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis and patient stratification.

Desensitization dynamics of the AMPA receptor

To perform their physiological functions, amino methyl propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) cycle through active, resting, and desensitized states, and dysfunction in AMPAR activity is associated with various neurological disorders. Transitions among AMPAR functional states, however, are largely uncharacterized at atomic resolution and are difficult to examine experimentally. Here, we report long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations of dimerized AMPAR ligand-binding domains (LBDs), whose conformational changes are tightly coupled to changes in AMPAR functional states, in which we observed LBD dimer activation and deactivation upon ligand binding and unbinding at atomic resolution. Importantly, we observed the ligand-bound LBD dimer transition from the active conformation to several other conformations, which may correspond with distinct desensitized conformations. We also identified a linker region whose structural rearrangements heavily affected the transitions to and among these putative desensitized conformations, and confirmed, using electrophysiology experiments, the importance of the linker region in these functional transitions.

ERGONOMICS AS A SAFETY FACTOR IN THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY

Railway transport is a huge energetic system, the functioning of which is determined by the coordinated work of thousands of employees of various specialties, including dispatchers and locomotive drivers. In the "man-technical system-production environment" system, a person is the "weakest link", determining the reliability and safety of the system's functioning as a whole. Studies show that the driver's work in conditions of high-speed traffic involves a high level of stress on the nervous analyzers, as well as the functions of memory and attention, which leads to their rapid fatigue. The level of fatigue obtained as a result of the work shift is unacceptable for most workers, monitoring the level of functional reliability of the worker can be an effective means of combating accumulated fatigue. The problems of ensuring the normal life of workers in dangerous professions in modern social and industrial conditions are caused primarily by the intense influence of negative social, professional and other factors that cause the development of adverse mental states and overstrain of psychophysiological functions. All this creates stressful situations, both in society in general and for every person. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned stresses, an important place in the activity of a human operator is occupied by professional stress, which is constantly present. The systemic impact of stress has both an immediate and remote nature. Experimental studies have established that it reduces the level of functional reliability of the "human operator". Such states include, first of all, fatigue, stress and borderline states (between health and illness). Such indicators can be an indicator of high danger of such a relevant phenomenon for the transport industry as sudden ischemic death. A distinction is made between the slow and operational components of performance, while the slow (trend) does not change for a long time (month, years), and the operational (functional state) changes in the form of "peaks", "declines" or a relatively flat "plateau" during hours. It follows from this that in order to maintain the appropriate level of safety of the transport process, it is necessary to implement control of the level of efficiency of railway operators, including its trending part, taking into account the presence of constant stresses today. It is necessary to conduct monitoring as a prediction of early diagnosis of changes in the functional state of operators, and therefore the state of professional reliability. Keywords: safety, ergonomics, diagnostics, professional reliability, level of functional reliability, trend component.

ERGONOMICS AS A SAFETY FACTOR IN THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY

Railway transport is a huge energetic system, the functioning of which is determined by the coordinated work of thousands of employees of various specialties, including dispatchers and locomotive drivers. In the "man-technical system-production environment" system, a person is the "weakest link", determining the reliability and safety of the system's functioning as a whole. Studies show that the driver's work in conditions of high-speed traffic involves a high level of stress on the nervous analyzers, as well as the functions of memory and attention, which leads to their rapid fatigue. The level of fatigue obtained as a result of the work shift is unacceptable for most workers, monitoring the level of functional reliability of the worker can be an effective means of combating accumulated fatigue. The problems of ensuring the normal life of workers in dangerous professions in modern social and industrial conditions are caused primarily by the intense influence of negative social, professional and other factors that cause the development of adverse mental states and overstrain of psychophysiological functions. All this creates stressful situations, both in society in general and for every person. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned stresses, an important place in the activity of a human operator is occupied by professional stress, which is constantly present. The systemic impact of stress has both an immediate and remote nature. Experimental studies have established that it reduces the level of functional reliability of the "human operator". Such states include, first of all, fatigue, stress and borderline states (between health and illness). Such indicators can be an indicator of high danger of such a relevant phenomenon for the transport industry as sudden ischemic death. A distinction is made between the slow and operational components of performance, while the slow (trend) does not change for a long time (month, years), and the operational (functional state) changes in the form of "peaks", "declines" or a relatively flat "plateau" during hours. It follows from this that in order to maintain the appropriate level of safety of the transport process, it is necessary to implement control of the level of efficiency of railway operators, including its trending part, taking into account the presence of constant stresses today. It is necessary to conduct monitoring as a prediction of early diagnosis of changes in the functional state of operators, and therefore the state of professional reliability. Keywords: safety, ergonomics, diagnostics, professional reliability, level of functional reliability, trend component.

Functional and psychophysiological changes in the condition of female students under the influence of a special organization of the physical education process

The defined content and organization of the physical education (PhE) process, which provide a health-improving effect, have been developed. The purpose of the work is to develop a certain content and organization of the process of female students' physical education, which provides a health-improving effect, to evaluate psychophysiological changes in the functional state of the body as a result of purposefully planned classes with student women's physical education, depending on the phases of the menstrual cycle. The psychophysiological state of the body was evaluated. The individual-group method of organizing classes was used, based on the fact that the goals and content of the curriculum, the scope and terms of its implementation were common and mandatory for everyone, and the distribution of workloads, their duration and volume were regulated separately for each student. Changes in functional state, physical capacity, psychophysiological functions, results of self-assessment of feelings, etc. are analyzed. The positive changes that occurred in the physical capacity of female students during the academic year, in the balance of nervous processes, the function of physiological systems, analyzers, and mental capacity were revealed. This indicates that the developed strategy of the organization and content of classes was effective.

Whole-brain mapping of effective connectivity by fMRI with cortex-wide patterned optogenetics

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with optogenetic neural manipulation is a powerful tool that enables brain-wide mapping of effective functional networks. To achieve flexible manipulation of neural excitation throughout the mouse cortex, we incorporated spatiotemporal programmable optogenetic stimuli generated by a digital micromirror device into an MRI scanner via an optical fiber bundle. This approach offered versatility in space and time in planning the photostimulation pattern, combined with in situ optical imaging and cell-type-specific or circuit-specific genetic targeting in individual mice. Brain-wide effective connectivity obtained by fMRI with optogenetic stimulation of atlas-based cortical regions is generally congruent with anatomically defined axonal tracing data but is affected by the types of anesthetics that act selectively on specific connections. fMRI combined with flexible optogenetics opens a new path to investigate dynamic changes in functional brain states in the same animal through high-throughput brain-wide effective connectivity mapping.

Rehabilitation of the upper limb functioning in patients with post-stroke by the physical therapy methods

The article is devoted to the problem of rehabilitation of the upper limb functioning with the help of physical therapy in patients after stroke. The upper limb as a result of stroke loses in function, and as a consequence in the activity and participation of the patient, this leads to a significant impairment in the quality of life and significantly affects the social adaptation.
 The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of the developed physical therapy program to rehabilitation of the upper limb of patients after stroke in the acute period.
 The methods used were the analysis of scientific literature, mathematical analysis, methods of assessing the functioning of patients: muscle strength (MMT), Barthel activity of daily living (ADL), pain assessment (VAS).
 The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine of the City Clinical Hospital №4 in Dnipro. The study involved 12 patients with a clinical diagnosis of stroke.
 Patients had physical therapy sessions that included exercises to increase muscle strength, neuromuscular training, improve selective control, improve balance, coordination and reduce the risk of falling. The program was not static and changed based on positive changes in the patient's functional state.
 The proposed physical therapy program proved to be effective in restoring the functioning of patients after stroke. There are prospects for continuing research on the impact on the functioning of physical therapy at an early stage after a stroke.

Regulon active landscape reveals cell development and functional state changes of human primary osteoblasts in vivo

BackgroundWhile transcription factor (TF) regulation is known to play an important role in osteoblast development, differentiation, and bone metabolism, the molecular features of TFs in human osteoblasts at the single-cell resolution level have not yet been characterized. Here, we identified modules (regulons) of co-regulated genes by applying single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering to the single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of human osteoblasts. We also performed cell-specific network (CSN) analysis, reconstructed regulon activity-based osteoblast development trajectories, and validated the functions of important regulons both in vivo and in vitro.ResultsWe identified four cell clusters: preosteoblast-S1, preosteoblast-S2, intermediate osteoblasts, and mature osteoblasts. CSN analysis results and regulon activity-based osteoblast development trajectories revealed cell development and functional state changes of osteoblasts. CREM and FOSL2 regulons were mainly active in preosteoblast-S1, FOXC2 regulons were mainly active in intermediate osteoblast, and RUNX2 and CREB3L1 regulons were most active in mature osteoblasts.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe the unique features of human osteoblasts in vivo based on cellular regulon active landscapes. Functional state changes of CREM, FOSL2, FOXC2, RUNX2, and CREB3L1 regulons regarding immunity, cell proliferation, and differentiation identified the important cell stages or subtypes that may be predominantly affected by bone metabolism disorders. These findings may lead to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying bone metabolism and associated diseases.

Dynamics of clinical manifestations, functional state and structural changes of the pancreas, quality of life of patients with chronic pancreatitis in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the influence of eradication of the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine

The lack of efficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is associated with a number of objective and subjective reasons, one of which is insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis of the disease, especially when it is combined with other internal diseases, in particular, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The frequent combination of COPD and CP is associated not only with the frequency of these diseases, but also with the common links of pathogenesis, and a significant place in the pathogenesis of both diseases is occupied by the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine (SIBO). Aim: to increase the effectiveness of the treatment of CP in combination with COPD based on the inclusion of rifaximin and probiotic Subalin in the complex therapy of concomitant diseases. Materials and methods. We examined 128 patients with CP in the stage of exacerbation in combination with COPD in the stage of mild exacerbation, which were divided into two groups: the main group and the comparison group. The basic treatment of CP was carried out according to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association. Patients of the main group, in addition to basic therapy, received rifaximin (Alfa Normix) for 10 days, and then Subalin-forte for 2 weeks. Patients in the comparison group received only basic therapy. Results. Due to the treatment with the inclusion of rifaximin and Subalin, there is a significant suppression of the phenomenon of “evasion” of the pancreatic-specific enzyme into the blood, an improvement in the exocrine function of the pancreas according to the results of the fecal elastase test and the response of the pancreas to food intake according to the dynamics of uroamylase flow rates and endogenous pancreozymin induction coefficients. Under the influence of the main treatment option, there is an increase in the frequency of normalization of the echogenicity of the pancreas and less often than with traditional therapy, an increase in the pancreas or part of it, blurring and unevenness of the contours persist. In addition, the indicators of ultrasonic histography of the pancreas are significantly improved, and a more pronounced positive dynamics of the clinical manifestations of COPD is observed. Thus, the eradication of SIBO provides a significant increase in the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with a combination of CP and COPD.

Modulation of myeloid and T cells in vivo by Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundIn preclinical studies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), ibrutinib improved the antitumor efficacy of the standard of care chemotherapy. This led to a phase 1b clinical trial to determine the...

Сardiorespiratory system functional state and performance changes of female ski racers at different stages of the preparatory period

Сardiorespiratory system functional state and performance changes of female ski racers at different stages of the preparatory period

The effect of atrial fibrillation on functional outcomes in stroke patients: A meta-analysis

Backgound: Although previous studies have evaluated the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on functional outcomes in stroke patients, due to the few previous studies and subjects included in each study, it is difficult to confirm the effect of AF on functional recovery after stroke. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AF on functional outcomes in stroke patients. Methods: A systemic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS. We included studies that were published on July 15, 2021, or earlier and satisfied our inclusion criteria. We used the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to analyze the changes in functional state changes. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan v.5.3. Results: Four studies were finally selected for the analysis, and they included 298 AF and 1089 non-AF post-stroke patients. The improvement in the Functional Independence Measure score was higher in the non-AF post-stroke patients than in the AF post-stroke patients (SMD = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.30). Conclusions: AF can affect functional recovery after stroke and minimally undermine functional outcomes.

Experimental study of toxic properties of a lead-tin-selenium-tellurium solid solution

Introduction. Solid solutions are widely used in the manufacture of particularly sensitive and high-precision devices, various kinds of sensors and energy converters, which causes a large number of workers to come into contact with them. The purpose of the study: to conduct experimental research and estimate biological effect of a solid lead-tin-selenium-tellurium (LTST) solution on warm-blooded animals. Materials and methods. Solid solution (lead (52%), tin (8%), selenium (trace) and tellurium (40%) - powder insoluble in water. Experiments were carried out on mice, rats and rabbits. Acute and chronic toxicity, cumulative properties, fibrogenic activity, irritant effect on skin and mucous membranes were evaluated. Results. According to the parameters of acute toxicity LTST is a low-hazard compound (Hazard Class 4), it has an irritant effect on skin and mucous membranes, the expressed cumulative properties (Kcum - 2.58). General toxic effect of the alloy is characterized by changes in functional state of kidneys, hematopoietic function, blood coagulation system. The compound has a moderately pronounced fibrogenic effect. Limitations. The limitation of this study is the lack of literature data of toxicological studies on the biological effect of a solid solution of LTST was the basis for its study. Conclusions. The biological effect of a solid solution of LTST on the organism was studied for the first time on models of acute, subacute and chronic experiments. According to GOST 12.1.077-76 LTST belongs to Hazard Class 4 (low-hazardous compound).The solid solution has been established to belong to compounds which may cause acute inhalation poisoning (Limac - 46.73 mg/m3). LTST is dangerous in terms of the development of chronic intoxication, has pronounced cumulative properties (Kcum - 2.58). LTST has a general toxic effect, leads to disruption of hematopoietic function, increased content of coproporferin in urine, which is associated to a large extent with the presence of lead molecule in the solution. The solid solution causes the development of a fibrotic process of pulmonary tissue. LTST is less toxic than the lead in its composition. Control over the concentration of LTST in the air of the working area should be carried out according to the MPC = 0.05 mg/m3 (lead and its inorganic compounds).

Decision-making style and emotional intelligence in post-COVID young people

OBJECTIVES: To study the interrelationships of decision-making style as a reflection of individual differences in coping with uncertainty and emotional creativity as a factor of self-realization in young people who have had COVID-19.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 100 convalescents aged 18.2±2.25 years, including 50 men (Group M) and 50 women (Group G) (the age difference between the groups is not significant). The main transferred clinical forms of COVID-19 were the inapparent form — 42.0% (group M — 32 people, group G — 10 people), acute respiratory viral infection — 56.0% (group M — 17 people, group G — 39 people) according to the Russian versions of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI).RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In both groups of examined individuals after suffering COVID-19 in all clinical forms of the disease, the «vigilance” strategy, considered as productive, is of the greatest importance in the decision- making process; unproductive strategies are not expressed, which is important for the subsequent medical and psychological support of convalescents. It is noted that the interaction between the factors of emotional creativity is expressed not only in an increase in creativity when high values coincide on two or more faces, but also in the fact that low values of one component can be compensated by high values of another.CONCLUSION: The data obtained are important for conducting medical and psychological support for convalescents and for preventing the formation of professional burnout, and for quick adaptation to various life situations, and for motivation to prevent the occurrence of changes in functional states after suffering COVID-19.