Changes In Functional State Research Articles

Proteasomes on thyroid tissue allotransplantation under induction of donor specific tolerance in rats

The proteasomes in the liver of August rats (RT1C) were investigated 30 days after the allotransplantation of Wistar rat (RT1u) thyroid tissue under renal capsule with/without induction of donor specific tolerance by donor splenocyte intraportal administration. The level of the total proteasome pool, immune proteasomes containing the LMP2 and/or LMP7 subunits, proteasome 19S- and 11S-regulators was defined. The intact and sham-operated August rats were used as control groups. The level of all immune proteasome forms and 11S regulator increased while the level of the total proteasome pool and 19S regulator decreased in the liver of experimental animals compared to the control groups that indicated changes of liver functional state after transplantation. The 19S/11S ratio increased in the liver of non-tolerated rats compared to tolerated animals. In the liver of tolerated rats with survived transplants, the quantity of mononuclear cells, expressing the immune subunit LMP2, greatly increased in comparison with control and non-tolerated animals. Study of the survived transplants showed the increase of the ratio of LMP2/LMP7 immune subunits and 19S/11S regulators in them compared to the tissue replacing the rejected transplants. In the control intact thyroid tissue, the immune proteasomes were almost not revealed, while 19S/11S ratio was maximal. Thus, the development of the immune reaction or its suppression is accompanied by change of the balance between different proteasome forms. The immune subunit LMP7 and 11S regulator are connected with the response against donor tissue. On the contrary, the immune subunit LMP2 and 19S regulator are likely to be important for the immune tolerance development and survived tissue functioning. The low content of the immune proteasomes in the follicle cells was found by immunofluorescence assay. The formation of antigens for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules was impaired by low immune proteasome content that led to immunological tolerance to hormone-producing follicle cells.

Beneficial effects of testosterone therapy on functional capacity, cardiovascular parameters, and quality of life in patients with congestive heart failure.

Background. According to the present evidences suggesting association between low testosterone level and prediction of reduced exercise capacity as well as poor clinical outcome in patients with heart failure, we sought to determine if testosterone therapy improves clinical and cardiovascular conditions as well as quality of life status in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Methods. A total of 50 male patients who suffered from congestive heart failure were recruited in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and randomized to receive an intramuscular (gluteal) long-acting androgen injection (1 mL of testosterone enanthate 250 mg/mL) once every four weeks for 12 weeks or receive intramuscular injections of saline (1 mL of 0.9% wt/vol NaCl) with the same protocol. Results. The changes in body weight, hemodynamic parameters, and left ventricular dimensional echocardiographic indices were all comparable between the two groups. Regarding changes in diastolic functional state and using Tei index, this parameter was significantly improved. Unlike the group received placebo, those who received testosterone had a significant increasing trend in 6-walk mean distance (6MWD) parameter within the study period (P = 0.019). The discrepancy in the trends of changes in 6MWD between study groups remained significant after adjusting baseline variables (mean square = 243.262, F index = 4.402, and P = 0.045). Conclusion. Our study strengthens insights into the beneficial role of testosterone in improvement of functional capacity and quality of life in heart failure patients.

Використання вітамінів для корекції функціонального стану цитохром Р450-залежних систем в умовах експериментального алергічного енцефаломієліту

It is known that inflammatory cytokines, which level is significantly increased in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as interferon-beta, which is used to treat autoimmune diseases, can inhibit cytochrome P450-dependent processes of detoxification and biotransformation. The uncontrolled decrease of the activity of these processes may have a negative affect on the state of patients, so it is urgent to study the functional state of the cytochrome P450 system and to develop effective means for its regulation in these conditions. The effect of vitamin D3 and efficiency of its composition with vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP, E, alpha-lipoic, alpha-linolenoic acid and mineral substances (Mg, Zn, Se) in prevention of a functional state changes of cytochrome P450- and b5-dependent systems of the rat brain and liver endoplasmic reticulum at EAE are investigated. It has been shown that the essential decrease of the level of these cytochromes is observed both in the brain and liver. In addition the level of activity of NADH- and NADPH-oxidoreductases, which are part of microsomal electron transport chain components and coupled with monooxigenases, was reduced. These changes confirm the disturbances of a redox state and functional activity of detoxication and biotransformation systems in the studied animal tissues. Supplement of vitamin D3 as well as the composition of biologically active substances, which we developed earlier, effectively eliminated the decrease of the level of cytochromes and activities of NADH-oxidoreductase in immunised rat tissues. Normalization of these disturbances can be explained by antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties of applied substances, and also by the ability to reduce the activity of inflammatory reactions by regulation of the level of inflammatory cytokines in rat organism at EAE. Thus the studied vitamin-mineral composition appeared to be more effective to normalize the found disturbances and it can be useful for prevention of exacerbations and for improvement of a status of patients with multiple sclerosis and other diseases, which are accompanied with hyperactivation of immune system.

Sergančiųjų juosmens-kryžmens rezginio ligomis ambulatorinės reabilitacijos efektyvumo sąsajos su nerimu ir depresiškumu

Žurnalas „Sveikatos mokslai / Health sciences“ yra recenzuojamas tarptautinis mokslinis žurnalas, skirtas skleisti naujas žinias ir informaciją apie visuomenės sveikatą, sveikatos ugdymą, ligas, klinikinius tyrimus ir klinikinius atvejus, naujas technologijas, slaugą, reabilitaciją, sveikatos ekonomiką ir vadybą. Žurnalas spausdina mokslinius straipsnius lietuvių, anglų ir rusų kalbomis, kasmet išeina 1 tomas (6 numeriai) spausdintiniu ir elektroniniu variantais. Daugiau nei 140 mokslinių straipsnių publikuojami per metus. Žurnalas priklauso Lietuvos mokslo periodikos asociacijai.

New conceptual approach for search for molecular causes of diabetus mellitus, based on study of functioning of hormonal signaling systems

The review deals with analysis and generalization of the data obtained by authors on abnormalities in hormonal signal systems in diabetes mellitus (DM)--in rats with experimental models of DM of the types 1 and 2, in patients with DM, and in invertebrates (mollucs) with experimental diabetes-like state. Changes of functional state of hormonal signal systems regulated by different hormones, including biogenic amines and peptides of the insulin group, in a wide spectrum of tissues are discussed. The conclusion is made that disturbances in hormonal signal systems are the key molecular causes of physiological and metabolic abnormalities occurring in the types 1 and 2 DM. A concept on polyhormonal genesis of DM and the systemic nature of disturbances in the hormone-regulated signaling cascades under conditions of DM is formulated.

The peculiarities of functional state changes of cardiovascular system of girls at the age 18-19 years in the process of practicing sport and health tourism

The dynamics estimation of the integral indices of cardiovascular system among the female students of higher educational institution during the process of physical education activities, including means of sports and health tourism, has been conducted. There are 40 girls at the age of 18-19 years that participated in the experiment. It is found that by the end of the research the positive decrease of all the types of arterial pressure, coefficient of blood circulation effectiveness, Robinson’s and cardiac indices, common peripheral resistance and significant increase of functional state of cardiovascular system of the organism are being observed among the examined students. There were stated that significantly more optimal cardiac rate indices, systolic, diastolic and average, coefficient of blood circulation effectiveness, Robinson’s index and the level of functional state of organism cardiovascular system (LFSсvs) had been observed among the girls of experimental rather than control group of female students. It is found that the rates of almost all the used indices of cardiovascular system were significantly higher among the students practiced sports and health tourism, than those ones engaged into the traditional program of physical education for higher educational institution. Obtained results certified the sufficiently high effectiveness of using the tourism facilities in optimization of functional state of cardiovascular system among the female students at the age of 18-19 years.

IMMUNOLOGIC INDEXES, ENZYME STATUS OF LYMPHOCYTES AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF BLOOD NEUTROPHILS IN CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS CAUSED BY EPSTEIN–BARR VIRUS

Explore the immunological parameters, levels of activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases lymphocytes, interferon status parameters, phagocytic activity and chemiluminescence response of neutrophils in the blood of children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. 65 children at the age of 4-6 years old with infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV in acute phase were observed. Such indexes as cell-mediated, humoral and interferon immunity, NAD(P)-depended dehydrogenases activity in blood lymphocyte, phagocytes activity, levels of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence ofperipheral blood neutrophils were studied. Children with EVB-infection have immunophenotype spectrum changes and changes of enzymes status of blood lymphocytes against the increasing in leucocytes and the useful increasing in lymphocytes. The useful increasing in IgA, IgM, IgG contenting in serum blood were found. The decreasing of spontaneous production of IFN alpha and the decreasing of induced production of IFNalpha, IFNgamma were determined. The breach of phagocytes activity and chemiluminescent response of blood neutrophils were found. The children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, there are changes in the immune status, changes the activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes, marked changes in functional and metabolic state of peripheral blood neutrophils.

The Skeletal Muscle Impedancemetric Characteristics as a Marker for Detection of Functional State of Organism

Previously it has been shown that cell hydration is a universal and extrasensitive marker for different environmental mediums and functional state of tissue and organism. The comparative study of cell hydration of different organs (brain cortex, liver, and skeletal muscle) at various experimental conditions (microstress, pathology, and different poisons) was realized. It was shown that among tissues of different organs muscle hydration is more sensitive to any change of functional state of organism and environmental medium. The study of correlation between tissue muscle hydration and double-frequency measurement impedance method indicated that the differences between muscle reactive conductivity measured at high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) could be an adequate marker for detection of muscle hydration. The animal poisoning, stress, and pathology-induced tissue hydration were accompanied by increase in . The observed close correlation between time-dependent tissue hydration and in different environmental mediums can be a marker for detection of postmortal period as well as for characterizing environmental medium of the corpse.

On epigenetic regulation of the process of formation of long-term memory

The review summarizes current concepts on role of several covalent posttranslation chromatin modifications in the process of memory formation in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. There is described a chain of intracellular events from activation of receptors and signal pathways to change of the functional state of genome.

CLERKSHIP’S OCCUPATIONAL STRESS EVALUATION RELIABILITY

During a hygienic, psychological and physiological complex study, objective interrelationships between modern office workers work intensity and psychological, as well as the cardio-vascular and the central nervous system functional state changes, have been established. These changes indicated occupational stress development against mental work intensity increase. A complex of methods (including computer programs of psychological tests) for occupational stress manifestations detection at the prenosological stage and prevention have been selected.

Fluorescent Methods in the Study of UV-Induced Changes in Structural and Functional State of Human Blood Lymphocytes

Structural and functional state of human blood lymphocytes after exposure to UV light (240-390 nm) in doses of 151-1359 J/m(2) was studied by methods of laser flow cytofluorometry, indirect immunofluorescence, and fluorescent probes. Using a combination of these methods, we have showed that UV light in the specified doses induced changes in the surface phenotype of T cells: stimulation or suppression of the expression of antigen-recognizing receptor complex molecules (CD3, CD4, and CD8 markers) and their redistribution on the surface of immunocompetent cells (capping effect) with the formation of receptor clusters of various types.

Annual grassland resource pools and fluxes: sensitivity to precipitation and dry periods on two contrasting soils

In ecosystems throughout the world climate models project increased variability in precipitation patterns that may strongly affect the above‐ and below‐ground processes that control carbon, water, and nutrient cycles. Uncertainty about how plant and soil processes respond to wet and dry periods at different times in the growing season is a barrier to understanding how changing rainfall patterns will affect ecosystem function in annual grasslands. We used mesocosm systems to test the sensitivity to mid‐ and late‐season dry periods of twenty response variables related to nitrogen, carbon, and water cycling in Avena barbata monocultures. We compared the responses of individual variables and of grassland systems under low and high cumulative rain treatments and between two contrasting soil types.Analysis of individual response variables demonstrated strong seasonal patterns: most soil and plant resource pools and fluxes changed between mid‐ and late‐season, and many had larger responses to the late‐season dry period. Under increasingly variable precipitation regimes, specific resource pools and fluxes such as soil nitrate and ecosystem CO2 flux may be more strongly affected when dry periods occur later in the growing season. Individual responses variables were also used as state variables in a principal components analysis of changes in grassland functional states between treatments and over time. There were dramatic functional state shifts between the mid‐ and late‐season for both soil types, driven by changes in canopy height, leaf soluble protein, soil nitrate, gross N mineralization, and leaf N. However, we did not find evidence that the functional state of grassland systems was affected by rainfall patterns, indicating that interactions among below‐ and above‐ground processes resulted in system‐level resistance to changes in soil moisture. A strong association between plant canopy size and ecosystem functional state suggests that responses of plant phenology and growth to climate change may predict changes in ecosystem function.

Arabidopsis cpSRP54 regulates carotenoid accumulation in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus

An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, cbd (carotenoid biosynthesis deficient), was recovered from a mutant population based on its yellow cotyledons, yellow-first true leaves, and stunted growth. Seven-day-old seedlings and mature seeds of this mutant had lower chlorophyll and total carotenoids than the wild type (WT). Genetic and molecular characterization revealed that cbd was a recessive mutant caused by a T-DNA insertion in the gene cpSRP54 encoding the 54kDa subunit of the chloroplast signal recognition particle. Transcript levels of most of the main carotenoid biosynthetic genes in cbd were unchanged relative to WT, but expression increased in carotenoid and abscisic acid catabolic genes. The chloroplasts of cbd also had developmental defects that contributed to decreased carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. Transcription of AtGLK1 (Golden 2-like 1), AtGLK2, and GUN4 appeared to be disrupted in the cbd mutant suggesting that the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signal may be affected, regulating the changes in chloroplast functional and developmental states and carotenoid content flux. Transformation of A. thaliana and Brassica napus with a gDNA encoding the Arabidopsis cpSRP54 showed the utility of this gene in enhancing levels of seed carotenoids without affecting growth or seed yield.

Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension

Exercise stress tests of the pulmonary circulation show promise for the detection of early or latent pulmonary vascular disease and may help us understand the clinical evolution and effects of treatments in patients with established disease. Exercise stresses the pulmonary circulation through increases in cardiac output and left atrial pressure. Recent studies have shown that exercise-induced increase in pulmonary artery pressure is associated with dyspnea-fatigue symptomatology, validating the notion of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension. Exercise in established pulmonary hypertension has no diagnostic relevance, but may help in the understanding of changes in functional state and the effects of therapies.

Nonlinear model of changes in functional state in driver sangvinnika traffic congestion

The factors influencing on the driver`s functional state in traffic jam, and the nature of their impact are considered. The nonlinear regression model of the effect of traffic jams on the functional state of the sanguine driver

Automatic generation of causal networks linking growth factor stimuli to functional cell state changes

Despite the increasing number of growth factor-related signalling networks, their lack of logical and causal connection to factual changes in cell states frequently impairs the functional interpretation of microarray data. We present a novel method enabling the automatic inference of causal multi-layer networks from such data, allowing the functional interpretation of growth factor stimulation experiments using pathway databases. Our environment of evaluation was hepatocyte growth factor-stimulated cell migration and proliferation in a keratinocyte-fibroblast co-culture. The network for this system was obtained by applying the steps: (a) automatic integration of the comprehensive set of all known cellular networks from the Pathway Interaction Database into a master structure; (b) retrieval of an active-network from the master structure, where the network edges that connect nodes with an absent mRNA level were excluded; and (c) reduction of the active-network complexity to a causal subnetwork from a set of seed nodes specific for the microarray experiment. The seed nodes comprised the receptors stimulated in the experiment, the consequently differentially expressed genes, and the expected cell states. The resulting network shows how well-known players, in the context of hepatocyte growth factor stimulation, are mechanistically linked in a pathway triggering functional cell state changes. Using BIOQUALI, we checked and validated the consistency of the network with respect to microarray data by computational simulation. The network has properties that can be classified into different functional layers because it not only shows signal processing down to the transcriptional level, but also the modulation of the network structure by the preceeding stimulation. The software for generating computable objects from the Pathway Interaction Database database, as well as the generated networks, are freely available at: http://www.tiga.uni-hd.de/supplements/inferringFromPID.html.

Long-lasting stress, quantitative changes in nitric oxide concentration and functional state of brain mitochondria.

We have studied biochemical changes occurring in brain cell mitochondria of white rats on the background of stress induced by 30-day isolation and disruption of circadian rhythms. It was ascertained that due to long-lasting stress, there occurs activation of oxidative processes in mitochondria as well as inhibition of anti-oxidant system activity, causing development of energy deficiency in brain cells. The above-mentioned biochemical processes become the reason for activation and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), which, in its turn, signals the start of neuroapoptosis and various neurodegenerative processes.

Единство изменений функционального состояния организма работающего при развитии утомления. Сообщение 3. Биоритмологические аспекты

Единство изменений функционального состояния организма работающего при развитии утомления. Сообщение 3. Биоритмологические аспекты

Modulation of Interval–Force Dependence of Rat Papillary Muscle at Acute and Course Exposure of Amiodarone

Change of interval–force dependence of rat papillary muscles at acute and course use of amiodarone was investigated. Methods. The experiments were performed on isolated papillary muscles of Wistar rats. The extrasystolic (0,2-1,5 s), postextrasystolic contractions and post-rest (4-60 s) reactions of rat left papillary muscles perfused Krebs-Henseleit solution with amiodarone (1 μM) and papillary muscles of rat treated amiodarone in dose 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days were investigated. Results. It has been found that both acute and course use of amiodarone decreases the amplitude of extrasystolic contraction. At the same time, only acute use of amiodarone leads to additional enhancement of potentialtion of contractile response at extrasystolic impulse and performance of post-rest test. Conclusion was made, that both acute and course use of amiodarone decreases excitability of cardiomyocytes but only at course use this antiarrythmic drug increases effective refractory period of myocardium. Acute exposure of amiodarone is accompanied with change of functional state of cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmatic reticulum.

Features of Color Characteristics of Blood Plasma of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in the Colorimetric System XYZ as Compared with Healthy People

The authors determined a connection between change of functional state of human with liver cirrhosis and color characteristics of blood plasma. Features of color characteristics of blood plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis as compared with those of healthy people were determined by colorimetric method, based on absorption electromagnetic radiation in visible area. The average chromaticity coordinates in the XYZ system for patients with liver cirrhosis are x = 0.352 ± 0.006, y = 0.356 ± 0.005 as compared with healthy people chromaticity coordinates x = 0.32 ± 0.001, y = 0.32 ± 0.002.