Changes In Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility Research Articles

Macrophages Mediate the Clearance of Hyperosmotic Fragile Erythrocytes in High Altitude Polycythemia

To investigate the changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility leading to hemolysis and the enhanced phagocytosis of erythrocytes by macrophages in high-altitude polycythemia. Patients with high-altitude polycythemia and healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from 2020 to 2022. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, bilirubin, unsaturated iron binding capacity, and free hemoglobin were detected to confirm the existence of hemolysis in high-altitude polycythemia. A rodent model of high-altitude polycythemia was constructed, and osmotic fragility tests were performed to detect the osmotic fragility of red blood cells. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) were used to identify the phagocytic ability of macrophages in the liver and spleen of the animal model to further clarify the mechanism of hemolysis. Patients and animal models of high-altitude polycythemia show increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in peripheral blood, leading to hemolysis, and increased compensatory macrophages in the liver and spleen.

Minor Changes in Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) Knockout Mice.

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in the olfactory epithelium, central nervous system, and periphery. TAAR family generally consists of nine types of receptors (TAAR1-9), which can detect biogenic amines. During the last 5 years, the TAAR5 receptor became one of the most intriguing receptors in this subfamily. Recent studies revealed that TAAR5 is involved not only in sensing socially relevant odors but also in the regulation of dopamine and serotonin transmission, emotional regulation, and adult neurogenesis by providing significant input from the olfactory system to the limbic brain areas. Such results indicate that future antagonistic TAAR5-based therapies may have high pharmacological potential in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders. TAAR5 is known to be expressed in leucocytes as well. To evaluate potential hematological side effects of such future treatments we analyzed several hematological parameters in mice lacking TAAR5. In these mutants, we observed minor but significant changes in the osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes and hematocrit levels. At the same time, analysis of other parameters including complete blood count and reticulocyte levels showed no significant alterations in TAAR5 knockout mice. Thus, TAAR5 gene knockout leads to minor negative changes in the erythropoiesis or eryptosis processes, and further research in that field is needed. The impact of TAAR5 deficiency on other hematological parameters seems minimal. Such negative, albeit minor, effects of TAAR5 deficiency should be taken into account during future TAAR5-based therapy development.

Interaction of Catechins with Human Erythrocytes.

The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of chosen catechins ((+)-catechin, (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) with human erythrocytes and their protective effects against oxidative damage of erythrocytes. Uptake of the catechins by erythrocytes was studied by fluorimetry, their interaction with erythrocyte membrane was probed by changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and in membrane fluidity evaluated with spin labels, while protection against oxidative damage was assessed by protection against hemolysis induced by permanganate and protection of erythrocyte membranes against lipid peroxidation and protein thiol group oxidation. Catechin uptake was similar for all the compounds studied. Accumulation of catechins in the erythrocyte membrane was demonstrated by the catechin-induced increase in osmotic resistance and rigidification of the erythrocyte membrane detected by spin labels 5-doxyl stearic acid and 16-doxyl stearic acid. (−)-Epigallocatechin and EGCG inhibited erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (mixed-type inhibition). Catechins protected erythrocytes against permanganate-induced hemolysis, oxidation of erythrocyte protein thiol groups, as well as membrane lipid peroxidation. These results contribute to the knowledge of the beneficial effects of catechins present in plant-derived food and beverages.

The insecticides chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid induce redox imbalance in umbilical cord blood erythrocytes in vitro

Organophosphate and neonicotinoid compounds belong to different pesticide families, and are used worldwide for agricultural purposes. The potential deleterious health effects associated with pesticide exposure during pregnancy have become a major public health concern. The present study analyzed the effects of the organophosphate chlorpyrifos and the neonicotinoid acetamiprid on oxidative stress biomarkers in human umbilical cord blood erythrocytes (UCBE). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, the levels of 4-hidroxynonenal (HNE) and UCBE osmotic fragility were determined.Both pesticides modified the oxidative status of UCBE. Chlorpyrifos increased ROS levels at 40 and 400 nM, while only decreased CAT activity at the higher concentration assayed (400 nM), with no modification in SOD activity. The insecticide acetamiprid increased ROS levels at all concentrations assayed, and decreased CAT and SOD activity at 40 and 400 nM, Chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid (40 and 400 nM) modified HNE content. Non-significant changes in UCBE osmotic fragility were induced by chlorpyrifos or acetamiprid treatments.In conclusion, both pesticides assayed increased ROS production and decreased anti-oxidant enzyme activity in UCBE, even though changes were of different extent and depended on the insecticide analyzed. Interestingly no changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility were registered; suggesting that the oxidative stress triggered under these experimental conditions was not sufficient to induce a functional damage to the UCBE membrane.

Lycopene Ameliorates Diabetic-Induced Changes in Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility and Lipid Peroxidation in Wistar Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has remained one of the serious health problems in the world; and oxidative stress has been reported to be a root cause for the progression and development of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Aim: This study investigated the possible ameliorative effects of lycopene on diabetic-induced changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats. Methodology: The animals were made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg/kg b w. Diabetes was confirmed by the presence of high fasting blood glucose level ≥ 200 after 72 hours. Thereafter, diabetic rats were randomly assigned into six groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) comprising five animals each. Group 1 (Diabetic control) and group 2 (Normal control) rats received 0.5 ml of olive oil, groups 3, 4, 5 rats received 10, 20, 40 mg/kg bw of lycopene respectively, while those in group 6 received 2 mg/kg bw of glibenclamide orally once daily for a period of four weeks. At the end of the treatment, all animals were sacrificed; blood samples collected for determination of erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Results: The results obtained showed that there was a significantly (P < 0.05) lowered erythrocyte osmotic fragility in diabetic animals treated with lycopene when compared with diabetic control group. In addition, there was also a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced erythrocyte malondialdehyde concentration, an index of lipid peroxidation in the diabetic treated groups when compared with diabetic control group. Conclusion: From the available findings, it can be concluded that administration of lycopene to diabetic rats attenuated diabetic-induced changes in EOF and LPO and these observed effects may be attributed to anti-oxidative property of lycopene.

The effect of different high-fat diets on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, growth performance and serum lipid concentrations in male, Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

Poultry diets are formulated with additional animal fat or vegetable oils to improve growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. High-fat diet feeding in rats and fish has been shown to result in alterations in the phospholipid composition and cholesterol content of the erythrocyte membrane, in turn affecting erythrocyte osmotic fragility. In contrast, the few studies performed using high-fat diet feeding in avian species show no changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility. This study made use of the Japanese quail as no data exists on investigation of this species with respect to high-fat diet feeding and erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Fifty-seven male quail were randomly divided into six groups and fed either a standard diet (commercial poultry feed) or one of five high-fat diets (commercial poultry feed with 22% of either coconut oil, lard, palm oil, soya bean oil or sunflower oil on a weight/weight basis) for 12weeks. All birds on the high-fat diets were significantly heavier (p<0.05) after the 12-week feeding period, than when commencing the dietary intervention. Serum triglyceride concentrations of birds in all high-fat diet groups were significantly lower (p<0.05) than birds in the standard diet group, whereas only birds in the palm oil group had significantly lower (p<0.05) serum cholesterol concentrations compared to the standard diet group. Fragiligrams of erythrocytes from birds in the various dietary groups were similar. High-fat diet feeding with different types of additional fat did not affect the osmotic fragility of the quail erythrocytes. Feeding quail high-energy diets of varying degrees of fatty acid saturation was well tolerated and did not seem to affect the overall health status of the birds. Resistance of avian erythrocytes to modification by excess dietary fat may be a general characteristic of avian erythrocytes.

Effect of packing on changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and malondialdehyde concentration in donkeys administered with ascorbic acid

Experiments were performed with the aim of investigating the effect of packing on erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in donkeys, and the effect of ascorbic acid (AA). Twelve apparently healthy donkeys raised under the traditional extensive system served as experimental subjects. Six donkeys administered orally with AA (200 mg/kg) and subjected to packing were used as experimental animals, whilst six others not administered with AA served as controls. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-packing from all the donkeys for the determination of MDA and EOF. At 0.3% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) concentration, the percentage haemolysis was 93.69% ± 2.21% in the control donkeys and the value was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than the value of 71.31% ± 8.33%, recorded in the experimental donkeys. The post-packing MDA concentration obtained in the control donkeys was 39.62 µmol ± 4.16 µmol, and was not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05) from the value of 35.97 µmol ± 2.88 µmol recorded in the experimental donkeys. In conclusion, the increase in haemolysis obtained in the donkeys suggested that packing induced oxidative stress, which was ameliorated by AA administration.

English

This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf on anaemia and changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility in protein energy malnourished rats. Protein energy malnutrition has been associated with anaemia and changes in osmotic fragility, deformability and lifespan of erythrocytes. In this study, protein-energy malnutrition induced in weanling male Wister rats by feeding them low protein diet for 3 weeks was associated with significantly reduced (P<0.01) haematological indices: packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet counts and mean corpuscular count (MCV). It was also associated with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility at 0.5- 0.7% NaCl concentration. Upon introduction of recovery diets containing 20% soya protein or 20% C. aconitifolius in place of soya protein or 10% soya proteins with 10% C. aconitifolius or commercial rat feed for 4 weeks, the recovery diet containing 10% soya and 10% C. aconitifolius caused the most significant (P<0.01) increase in platelet count, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC when compared with all the other treated groups and the malnourished group. The group fed with 20% C. aconitifolius in place of 20% soya protein also caused the most significant elevation in RBC, PCV and Hb compared with the malnourished group. The effects of diet containing 20% soya protein and commercial feed on PCV, Hb, platelet and all other haematological indices were not significantly different from each other (p<0.05). On osmotic fragility, the recovery diet containing a mixture of 10% C. aconitifolius and 10% soya protein produced the highest reduction of osmotic fragility, followed closely by the diet containing 20% C. aconitifolius which produced greater effects than the feed containing only soya meal as the protein source or commercial rat feed which produced the lowest reduction in osmotic fragility. From the results of this study, it can be deduced that C. aconitifolius has haematopoetic property and by reducing osmotic fragility in protein energy malnutrition, it can increase the life span of erythrocytes. Key words: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, anaemia, osmotic fragility, protein energy malnutrition.

Ameliorative effects of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on anaemia and osmotic fragility induced by proteinenergy malnutrition

This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf on anaemia and changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility in protein energy malnourished rats. Protein energy malnutrition has been associated with anaemia and changes in osmotic fragility, deformability and lifespan of erythrocytes. In this study, protein-energy malnutrition induced in weanling male Wister rats by feeding them low protein diet for 3 weeks was associated with significantly reduced (P (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet counts and mean corpuscular count (MCV). It was also associated with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility at 0.5- 0.7% NaCl concentration. Upon introduction of recovery diets containing 20% soya protein or 20% C. aconitifolius in place of soya protein or 10% soya proteins with 10% C. aconitifolius or commercial rat feed for 4 weeks, the recovery diet containing 10% soya and 10% C. aconitifolius caused the most significant (P malnourished group. The group fed with 20% C. aconitifolius in place of 20% soya protein also caused the most significant elevation in RBC, PCV and Hb compared with the malnourished group. The effects of diet containing 20% soya protein and commercial feed on PCV, Hb, platelet and all other haematological indices were not significantly different from each other (p

Measurement of erythrocyte lipids, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and osmotic fragility in cervical cancer patients

Background: Our aim was to examine the structural integrity of red blood cells in cervical cancer patients by measuring the concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidant status, cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) molar ratio, enzyme activity and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. Methods: This study has been conducted on 32 adult female cervical cancer patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Erythrocyte concentrations of lipids, TBARS, vitamin E, reduced glutathione and enzymic activities of catalase and Na +K +-ATPase were measured as well as plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium. The present study also examined the changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility in cervical cancer patients and normal subjects. The red cell fluidity and permeability were determined by estimating the C/P ratio and Na +K +-ATPase activity, respectively. Results: The release of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was significantly higher in cervical cancer patients as compared to normal subjects. The increased lipid peroxidation with concomitant decrease in antioxidants was notable in cervical cancer patients. Red blood cells of cervical cancer patients were more fragile than those from normal subjects. Increase in red cell membrane C/P ratio and Na +K +-ATPase activity was noticed in cervical cancer patients as compared to normal subjects. Conclusions: Increased lipid peroxidation, insufficient antioxidant potential and changes in C/P molar ratio as well as activity of Na +K +-ATPase cause structural and functional abnormalities in the erythrocytes of cervical cancer patients.

Seasonal changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and haematocrit in American plaice infected withHaemorhormidium terranovae

Seasonal changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and haematocrit in American plaice infected withHaemorhormidium terranovae

Seasonal changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and haematocrit in American plaice infected with Haemohormidium terranovae

American plaice held in captivity for a period of 8 months over winter exhibited increasing erythrocyte osmotic fragility and decreasing haematocrit values until December. In December, osmotic fragility parameters and haematocrit were strongly correlated, suggesting anaemia due to disruption of circulating erythrocytes. Intensity of infection with Haemohormidium terranovae increased through the winter months until March but was not correlated either with osmotic fragility or haematocrit. These results are explained in terms of compensatory haemopoetic changes occurring in plaice. Mortality was apparently unrelated to any of the parameters investigated.

The influence of serum from patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae on the osmotic property of normal human erythrocytes.

Venous blood sera from children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) responded with a high titer to MP antibodies, affected healthy normal erythrocytes in vitro, and gave rise to changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility. When serum was inactivated at 56 degrees C for 30 min or preincubated with anti-human C1 esterase inhibitor, the changes in the osmotic properties were suppressed at the lower level. The total sialic acid content and the intracellular ATP concentration of the treated erythrocytes were analyzed.

Hematological responses to arsine exposure: Quantitation of exposure response in mice

Hematological responses of mice to arsine exposures for 1 hr at 5 to 26 part per million volume (ppmv) are described. Exposure concentrations ranged from a no-effect level for the endpoints studied (5 ppmv) to a concentration lethal to all mice in 4 days (26 ppmv). Hematocrit values at 24 hr after exposure decreased linearly with increasing arsine concetration in the range 5 to 26 ppmv; the hematocrit of the 26-ppmv group reached 10.5% at 24 hr, compared to 48.4% for control mice. Hematocrits of mice from all surviving groups were at or slightly above control values by 11 days after exposure. Changes in numbers of erythrocytes paralleled changes in hematocrit. Significant increases in circulating reticulocytes occurred at 1 and 5 days after exposure; reticulocyte values returned to control levels by 11 days after exposure. Changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility were observed in mice exposed to 15 and 26 ppmv arsine.