Change In Character Research Articles

Research on Digital Image Record in Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance Innovation under the Background of Big Data

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the digital lens presentation effect and image dissemination effect of intangible cultural heritage. In order to test the lens boundary detection technology of ICH digital images, we focus on analyzing the number of image frames, the number of mutations and the number of gradual changes of ICH characters, space-time and events, and exploring the checking completeness, the checking accuracy and the comprehensive detection rate of this paper’s algorithm and the dual-threshold comparative method on different types of ICH image fragments. Combined with the descriptive analysis of valid samples, we explore the main types of transmission of NRM digital images and clarify the degree of media utilization and the ranking of transmission power of NRM digital images in the Yangtze River Delta region. Shanghai has the strongest online dissemination power of traditional theater, traditional fine arts and traditional arts and crafts, with 1284586, 310468, and 237818, respectively, while traditional music, Chinese opera and folklore have the weakest dissemination power in Shanghai. Traditional music makes up 18.73% of them. To ensure non-heritage culture’s inheritance, it is necessary to strengthen the use of digital imaging technology to achieve linkage communication between non-heritage cultures and build an overall communication system.

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND 3D PRINTING OF HIGHLY FILLED ALUMINA-POLYAMIDE FILAMENTS DURING FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING

The present work provides evidence for the feasibility of green body printing by FDM technology using highly developed (65 wt.%) filled alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) - polyamide filaments. The irregular (anisometric) particle shape of the as-received ceramic powder was changed to spherical (granulated) using the spray drying method. This shape of particles improves the flowability of the composition and are more uniformly distributed in the polymer binder. To evaluate the behavior of the created ceramic-polymer mixtures with ceramic particles of both irregular and spherical shapes during extrusion, their rheological properties were studied. The granular particles appeared to be more densely packed and homogeneously distributed in the extruded sample. Anisometric particles are worse oriented in the flow, which affects the rheological properties of the samples. For spherical particles, the effect of decreasing hydrodynamic resistance during deformation is observed. Increasing the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase content (irrespective of the particle shape) up to 75 wt.% and decreasing the binder content leads to a significant increase in the elasticity of the samples and a change in the flow character up to its loss. The variation of diameter and surface roughness measurements of extruded filaments with irregularly shaped ceramic particles was higher than that of filament samples with spherical particles. The developed feedstock is supposed to be used for 3D printing with subsequent post-processing methods to produce ceramic samples.

The cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate ambident anions: Structure, topological analysis of electron density, and homolytic oxidative coupling regioselectivity

At the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory, the spatial and electronic structure of the cyanide, cyanate and thiocyanate ambident anions has been studied. By means of the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the R. F. W. Bader?s quantum theory ?Atoms in Molecules? (QTAIM), the electron density delocalization and topological properties in the above anions have been investigated. The distribution of electron density (NBO, QTAIM) in the XCN- (X = O, S) anions is reflected by the scheme [X-?C=?N]-. The relative contribution of the hypothetical structure X=C=N- to the resonance hybrid -X?C?N ?X=C=N- is higher in the case of X = O. The degree of the C?N or C=?N bond triple character and bond strength changes in the following series of anions: CN- > SCN- > OCN-. The occupancy of the lone electron pair (LP) orbital of the nitrogen atom in the above anions is close to 2, and the LP orbital is sp-hybridized. Condensed K. Fukui functions for the electrophilic attack have been evaluated. Local hardness of the donor reaction centres: N > C (CN-), O > N (OCN-), N > S (SCN-). The regioselectivity of the homolytic oxidative coupling reactions of CN-, OCN-, SCN- has been substantiated.

От «Книги-Текста» к «Книге- Жизни»: Расин в “Fils” («Сын / Нити») Сержа Дубровски и «Тит Беренику не любил» Натали Азуле

The article analyzes Racine’s place in two French works: the autofiction “Son/ Threads” (“Fils”) (1977) by Serge Doubrovsky (1928–2017) and the novel “Titus did nоt love Berenice” (“Titus n’aimait pas Bérénice”) (2015) by Nathalie Azoulai (b. 1966). To study the role of Racine’s tragedies, we turn to the technique of mise en abyme, widely and variedly used by both authors. Recursion appears at the level of multiple quotations and homonymy (Azoulai’s novel characters are named after Racine’s “Berenice” characters). As a result, the micro-story (Racine) turns into a macro-story, reflecting the life problems of modern characters and helping them to understand themselves. That leads to autopoiesis — the ability to self-reproduce, to “self-construct.” Both characters change due to their deep immersion in reading: “Text- Book” becomes “Text-Life.” The analysis of specific features of Racine’s dramaturgy gives the reason why his tragedies are capable of having such a deep existential impact. Fictional immersion, according to J.-M. Schaeffer has a modeling function, offering a scenario of actions that can be productively used in real life.

Современная детская книжная иллюстрация: композиция, пространство, движение, время

The composition in a modern children’s book is associated with solving the problems of space and movement. Dynamics is part of the structure of the book, the book design system is determined by the movement of the plot, the principles of reception, the rhythm of the font and the alternation of images are dynamic. The principles of space construction in a modern children’s book are associated with the leading means of artistic expression of the art of graphics. The space of the book turns into a narrative, a space of history; narrative space acts as the theme of the image, and the void is also narrative as a kind of figure of silence. Space as an artistic technique uses the principles of panorama, division into plans, and the location of the horizon line. The transformation of time in the structure of a modern children’s book is focused on the concept of dialogue between the plot and the image. Time uses a reception complex, focusing on perception, viewing, interactive practices, book design can use the principle of repetition and return. The epoch style and font can mark the epoch. Space and time act in book design as a system of plot development, a spacetime continuum. The time of the narration, the time of the artist and the time of the viewer can exist in a synchronous and diachronic format. Time as a character change involves the interpretation of a theme, a change in spatial coordinates, search, study, movement. The use of a certain point of view and foreshortening in the composition of a modern children’s book illustration can be achieved by the technique of duplication of viewing, an image «from the back» or from above, a panoramic view and fragmentation. Classical «pictorial» composition and spatial construction are often used. The theme of movement in the composition of the book is associated with the popularity of the type of travelogue book (tales of wandering-the formation of a hero, educational literature, travel literature, guidebooks). Methods of constructing space in the book composition system – top view, angular composition, combination of spatial plans, close-up. The dynamics of the font correlates with the dynamics of the text, the letters «come to life». Several effects associated with new media: animation, cinematic effect of space, theatricalization, imitation of a recognizable screensaver. The serial nature of the images can apply a sequential arrangement of the stages of movement, «storyboard», step-bystep approach or removal of the object, dialogic composition, close-up.

A Variational Problem for the Power Factor in Capacitance Charging Process

In this study, the solution of a variational problem that allows determining the input voltage form that provides the maximum power factor of the battery charging process in the RLC circuit and the change character of the charging current for constant R, L, C and charging time has been examined. The defined problem is obtained and solved in the form of a linear integro-differential equation. A quadratic voltage criterion is proposed to analyze the convergence of the power factor to its maximum value for various modes of charging the battery.

PSYCHOLOGISM IN THE WORKS OF S. LENZ ("THE OLDEST WOMAN")

Objective. The objective of the article is to identify and characterise the peculiarities of the forms and types of psychologism in the works of S. Lenz translated into Ukrainian (on the basis of “The Oldest Woman” translated by Volodymyr Vasyliuk). Methods. The main scientific results are obtained through a component analysis of the manifestations of the psyche of the characters in the story "The Oldest Woman". The main attention is paid to the psychoanalytic interpretation of emotions, states, feelings of the main character, and the means of expressing the psychological character of the work. Results. In national literary studies, the works of the twentieth-century German writer S. Lenz have not often been the object of attention, although the themes and issues of this writer's works are quite relevant. The problem of the psychologism of S. Lenz's short fiction, his mastery of depicting the psyche and psychology of the characters in his works has been touched upon tangentially in academic works. In “The Oldest Woman”, the organisation of the text plays an important role in achieving psychologicalism. The psychological tension is maintained by an inexplicable dramatic change in the main character's state and moods. For the character of the short story "The Oldest Woman", the decisive feeling is fear. Such a contrast in the tone of the narrative also creates a considerable psychological tension both in the text itself and for the reader. Because of the fear of losing her pension, the woman completely and consciously changes her lifestyle. At first, due to the enthusiastic description at the beginning of the novel, it does not occur to the reader that someone like Birta could be afraid of anything. The author does not reveal the reasons for Birta's frailty until the end of the novel. In addition, the description of the protagonist's states, moods, and feelings is constantly accompanied by a vivid artistic detail, which sometimes reveals the essence of the experience. The narrator in the work helps the reader create a psychological portrait of the characters, revealing their characteristics, thoughts, and aspirations. Particularly valuable are the statements and comments on the characterisation of Birt. The reader's perception and understanding of the character's character and main experiences is based on the narrator's vision of her: he shares his admiration for the physical strength of 92-year-old Birta and creates an image of a strong and unwavering, physically enduring woman, which he supports throughout the text with comments, encouragements to the reader to think, imagine, etc.

Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by Daclatasvir and its derivatives: synthesis of computational derivatives as a new drug development

The most common cause of respiratory tract illness in newborns and young children is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). There is no approved vaccination or specific antiviral medication for RSV infections. Here, an attempt has been made to explore the potential of currently marketed drugs as well as their probable derivatives to improve the possibility of developing stronger medications against RSV. From the 100 synthetic drug compounds library, the best drug molecule was identified through drug-likeness properties, toxicity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) was also a method that was applied in this study. Daclatasvir showed the highest binding energy and appeared as the best drug to inhibit matrix protein and a fusion protein of RSV. Based on Daclatasvir, 40 computational derivatives were made. D28, D34 and D40 showed far better results than the actual drug. Changes in lipophilicity character increase the binding energy of derivatives. Molecular dynamic simulations showed their non-deviated, non-fluctuated and stable complex formation with target proteins. The high number of amino acid contacts throughout the trajectory increases the stability and effectiveness of derivatives. The key to producing a novel medicine to eradicate RSV is provided by derivatives. Daclatasvir will be employed as a potential RSV inhibitor up until that point. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Digital core: study of textural heterogeneities in a rock

Relevance. When real fluid flows through channels of limited dimensions, it experiences a constant loss of mechanical energy (hydraulic resistance) due to the action of viscous friction. Hydraulic drag has two components: drag along the length of the flow and local drag. The drag along the length of the flow arises because the fluid encounters a force per unit area perpendicular to the direction of the flow. Local drag results from the viscous interaction between the fluid and the channel walls. Local hydraulic resistances include sudden and gradual constrictions/expansions (diffusers/confusions) of the fluid channel, angular and choke gaps. The value of the hydraulic resistance coefficient depends on the type of channel geometry, conditions of fluid entry (wettability of the rock texture) and on the flow regime. When fluid flows through channels of different cross-section, as the channel narrows, the flow velocity increases and the pressure, based on Bernoulli's equation, decreases. Objects. Polymictic sandstones of the Tyumen Formation. Methods. The developed algorithms for identifying areas of contraction/expansion (confusers/diffusers) in the rock texture (polymictic sandstone) are based on neural network reconstruction of core data. The study of geometric diversity of geological rock images is based on generalization of real spatial forms in combination with the axiom of hyperplanes. A methodical approach for finding distribution of inertial exciters (confusers/diffusers) affecting the character of multiphase flow front changes in the rock texture is based on the metrics for estimating possible distributions. Results. The paper introduces the initial stages of core digital transformation data. It was determined that the main problem of geological data digital projection on a large scale is the need to take into account the systems of inertial effects, both in the available volume of the rock and in the extrapolated space of it. In order to adequately represent the character of multiphase fluid flow for different scales, the authors have developed the algorithms for segmentation of geological images of fluid space with further identification of distribution laws of inertial exciters (confusers/diffusers) in the rock texture. For training and testing of the developed algorithms we used the computer tomography images of core material and detailed resolution images of rock sections. The source code of neural network algorithms was written in the Python programming language with the additional use of non-commercial libraries. The algorithms were tested on real data, confirming by experimental studies in the laboratory of digital research in oil and gas as part of the technological project "Digital Core" (Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen), the laboratory of the V.I. Shpilman Research and Analytical Center for Rational Subsoil Use (Khanty-Mansiysk), Core Research Laboratory (University of Tyumen, Tyumen).

Changes in Testicular Biometry and Ejaculate Characters during Pubertal Age in Black Bengal Kids

The interaction between body weight, testicular growth and sperm production, is the key factor influencing the onset of puberty and sexual maturity. The present experiment was carried out to study the changes in testicular biometry and seminal parameters during pre and post pubertal period in Black Bengal bucks. Black Bengal males (n=8) of four months age were used in the study. Body weight and scrotal biometry parameters increased significantly as age advances. First ejaculates were collected from kids aged 4.5 months which contained mostly immature sperm cells, but semen ejaculates containing adequate numbers of matured motile sperm cells could be collected from six months of age onward. Semen ejaculate characters were optimal at 11-12 months of age with almost stable body weight and scrotal biometry. Based on the above facts, it could be concluded that the Bengal bucks attained puberty at 5-6 months and sexual maturity at 11-12 months of age.

Zn-priming of seed ameliorates biochemical and anatomical parameters of Cicer arietinum L. cultivars in drought condition

Cicer arietinum an important legume crop is among the drought tolerant plants and cultivated for its rich nutritive value almost all over the world. The current research was led to assess the role of pre-sowing seed treatment with 0.05% ZnSO4 solution on the anatomical and biochemical characteristics of four varieties of Chickpea (i.e. CM 2008, FG 0902, DO 75-09 and Pb 2008) under three different maintained drought conditions. A pot experiment was performed in GCWUF. Seed priming with distilled water and 0.05% ZnSO4 solution was done. Overall, all cultivars exhibited high production of all biochemical nutrients and effective change in anatomical characters but CM 2008 and FG 0902 cultivars grown from ZnSO4 rimed seeds display tolerance under drought condition and gave higher values of various biochemical and anatomical parameters compared to plants grown from seeds primed with distilled water. However, Pb 2008 cultivar gave the minimum increase in values of biochemical and anatomical parameters among all cultivars under all field capacities. Keywords: Cicer arietinum, drought, stem anatomy, seed priming.

Small molecule activation by sila/germa boryne species.

The inability of p-block elements to participate in π-backbonding restricts them from activating small molecules like CO, H2 , and so forth. However, the development of the main group metallomimetics became a new pathway, where the main-group elements like boron can bind and activate small molecules like CO and H2 . The concept of the frustrated Lewis pair, Boron-Boron multiple bonds, and borylene are previously illustrated. Some of these reported classes of boron species can mimic the jobs of the metal complexes. Hence, we have theoretically studied the binding of CO/N2 molecules at B-center of elusive species like sila/germa boryne stabilized by donor base ligands (cAAC)BE(Me)(L), where E  Si, L  cAACMe , NHCMe , PMe3 , E  Ge, L  cAACMe and (NHCMe )BE(Me)(cAACMe )). The substitutional analogues of (cAACR )BSiR1 (cAAC) and E  P, L  cAACMe ) have been studied by density functional theory (DFT), natural bond orbital, QTAIM calculations and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (NOCV) analyses. The computed bond dissociation energy and inner stability analyses by the EDA-NOCV method showed that the CO molecule can bind at the B-center of the above-mentioned species due to stronger σ-donor ability while binding of N2 has been theoretically predicted to be weak. The energy barrier for the CO binding is estimated to be 13-14 kcal/mol by transition state calculation. The change of partial triple bond character to single bond nature of the BSi bond and the bending of CBSi bond angle of sila-boryne species are the reason for the activation energy. Our study reveals the ability of such species to bind and activate the CO molecule to mimic the transition metal-containing complexes. We have additionally shown that binding of Fe(CO)4 and Ni(CO)3 is feasible at Si-center after binding of CO at the B-center.

Action dilemmas in prefigurative politics: making prefiguration feasible in Sweden

ABSTRACT Prefigurative political movements often attempt to create and maintain an alternative reality, where activists can enact and experiment with a desired future. Yet, sustained participation in a prefigurative project requires that individuals view this potential future as realizable and feasible. Based on a long-term ethnographic study of a radical left-libertarian movement in Sweden, I identify three dilemmas activists must solve to allow prefiguration to remain feasible, which I term practical prefiguration, principled prefiguration, and purposeful prefiguration. In practical prefiguration, individuals must find ways of balancing commitments and obligations from identities outside the movement with their identities as social movement participants. Principled prefiguration, conversely, focuses on the challenges prefigurative participants encounter as they attempt to translate broad, macro ideological principles into local interactional norms. Finally, purposeful prefiguration explores how activists maintain optimism, hope, and belief in a prefigurative project through creating and maintaining measures of success that are not based on instrumental social change. In this article, I investigate the strategies long-term activists used to solve these problems. I argue these strategies often require changes in movement form, tactics, and character as activists accommodate the realities of the present, which can potentially threaten the prefigurative nature of a political project. The article concludes by arguing that inequalities in prefigurative movements can arise from the solutions to these practical problems, but that prefigurative projects must find ways of balancing present and future if they wish to survive.

Investigation of the character of change of geometrical dimensions of a tubular billet at its deformation by rolling method

Obtaining bent pipe bends is an urgent scientific and technical task, for the solution of which it is necessary to determine the influence of the deformation process on the geometric dimensions of the billet. It is especially important to control the thinning of the outer wall of the bend, as this parameter is critical for the service characteristics of the bend. At the Department of Machine Building Technologies, Machine Tools and Instruments of South Ural State University (National Research University) works on studying the process of deformation of a tubular billet by the method of rolling with high tension are carried out. The article covers the influence of this deformation method on the wall thickness of the deformed billet, presents data on the character of wall thickness of a tubular billet when it is deformed by the method of rolling with high tension. The data on wall thickness change were obtained in two ways: computer modeling and measurements of experimental deformed pipe billet were carried out. Modeling was carried out using the software package MSC.Mars. The physical experiment on deformation of the tube billet was carried out on the laboratory installation for obtaining the experimental bent branch by the method of rolling with high tension. For the research work, a welded tube billet made of St2 steel, 57 mm in diameter and 4 mm wall thickness was used. In the course of modeling, calculated data on wall thickness change as a result of deformation into a tube bent branch were obtained. The wall thickness of the experimental bend was measured with an ultrasonic thickness gauge. Comparison of experi-mental data and modeling data showed a data discrepancy of 5–8 %. Such a discrepancy indicates the possibility of using computer modeling to predict the thinning of the outer wall in the process of deformation of pipe bends by rolling with high tension.

The Evolution of Tegal's Wayang Cepak: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Transformations

Wayang Cepak Tegal is a traditional performing art that has strong historical roots in Tegal City, Central Java, Indonesia. Over time, Wayang Cepak Tegal has undergone significant changes. Wayang Cepak Tegal experienced changes in form due to the influence of changes in human culture caused by technological advances that encourage contemporary transformation in the Tegal Cepak puppet show, these changes can be seen especially in terms of changes in characters, dimensions of form and duration of the show as well as the use of technology in the Tegal Cepak puppet show. Based on this, the research was conducted to examine the changes in Tegal Cepak puppetry from a historical perspective and see the contemporary transformation that occurred in the Tegal Cepak puppetry performance art, limited to changes in characterization, dimensions of form and duration of the Tegal Cepak puppetry performance. The research methods used included literature study, observation and interviews with the puppeteers of Wayang Cepak Tegal. The results of the study found that Tegal Cepak puppet experienced changes in characterization, shape dimensions, especially in proportion, the size changed from large to smaller and the duration of the performance was shorter. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide scientific contributions about changes in Tegal Cepak puppet, can also be a reference for academics and practitioners, and as a preservation effort through documentation of Tegal Cepak puppet as an important part of the cultural heritage of Tegal City in particular and Indonesia in general.
 Keywords: Evolution, Traditional Performing Arts, Contemporary Transformation, Wayang Cepak Tegal

Magnon Topological Transition in Skyrmion Crystal

We study the magnon spectrum in skyrmion crystal formed in thin ferromagnetic films with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in presence of magnetic field. Focusing on two low-lying observable magnon modes and employing stereographic projection method, we develop a theory demonstrating a topological transition in the spectrum. Upon the increase in magnetic field, the gap between two magnon bands closes, with the ensuing change in the topological character of both bands. This phenomenon of gap closing, if confirmed in magnetic resonance experiments, may deserve further investigation by thermal Hall conductivity experiments.

Crack tip mechanics of multiscale change

Singularity representation at the crack tip and/or smaller region will be considered using six scale transitional physical parameters: three assigned for the nano/micro range (*na/mi, *na/mi, d*na/mi) and three assigned for the micro/macro range (*mi/ma, *mi/ma, d* mi/ma). The subscripts nano, micro, and macro are self-evident. Only the ratio of two successive scale sensitive parameters are needed. Although time dependent physical parameters at the lower scale can be found analytical, they regarded as fictitious, mainly because they are not conducible to measurements. The transitional character of multiscale changes according to nano→micro→ macro with the respective singularity strength of  are given by 1.00/0.75/0.50. Since =0.5 corresponds to the inverse square root r-0.5, where r is the distance from the macro singular point. The micro and nano singular point possess the singularities r-0.75 and r-1.00, respectively. For example, a critical device component may be designed to operate at the nano/micro/macro scale with a life distribution of 2.5+ /3.5+ /5.5+ and total life of 11.5 + years. Progressive changes are assumed to occur in the direction of nano→micro→macro.

PROSPECTS OF THE POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREIGN ACTIVE TRAVEL SEGMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PREVIOUS CRISIS EXPERIENCE

The current pace of recovery of the global tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that the segment of active travel (“Adventure Travel” in the international classification) is the most resilient and adaptive to crises and has shown the most sustainable growth in recent decades (up to 17%). Thus, the segment of adventure tourism (more than 26% of all trips in the world) remains a true locomotive for the development of global tourism.
 In Ukraine, the development of this area has experienced fluctuations related to crises of various scales: from the global financial crisis of 2008, the annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the ATO (Anti-Terrorist Operation) in Donbas to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021 and the full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation in Ukraine in 2022. All these shocks and subsequent changes in the mass character, geography, and structure of the active foreign travel segment revealed certain trends. Analysis of these trends can help determine the prospects for the development of this segment in the post-war period.
 The main purpose of the research is to study the development prospects of the foreign active travel segment in Ukraine in the post-war period.
 The article shows the background and describes the process of formation of this segment of travel in the period from the 1990s to the early 2000s. The features of the influence of motivational, geographical, and economic factors on the process of its formation in Ukraine are analyzed. It is shown that at this stage, the expansion of the geography of travel was initiated by amateur hikes, the main form of commercial tours was of a hiking type, and the budget segment prevailed in the price gradation of commercial tours.
 Since the mid-2000s, the popularity of hiking in foreign countries has sharply increased among Ukrainian tourists. The geography of hiking, climbing, river rafting, and trekking tours has grown to dozens of countries in a few years. The growing number and variety of trips abroad and the steady mass demand for commercial, sports, and amateur foreign active trips in the 2010s led to the formation of a new segment of active foreign travel for Ukraine. Unmet growth in demand in the period up to 2014 led to progress and expansion of the range of activities of regional tour operators in all price categories of travel. The budget and middle segment prevailed in the price gradation of commercial tours during this period.
 The article shows the process of formation of geographic and price segmentation of active tours in the market of proposals. The tendencies of changes in the structure of geographical and price indicators of the market during the crisis periods in Ukraine are analyzed. Based on the example of the main operators in this market segment, the trends in the price structure of demand, mechanisms for adaptation, and recovery of the market during the 2014 crisis are analyzed.
 The prospects for the development of the foreign active travel development segment after the end of the war in the medium term are shown.
 In particular, there will be a replacement of tours of the budget and partially middle price segments with domestic tours in regions not contaminated with explosive objects, namely in the Carpathians and Podilia.
 The number of amateur trips abroad will grow, and geography will continue to expand. At the same time, due to the rise in the price of air transportation, the cost of trips can increase by 1.5 times. Perhaps some of the regular customers of commercial tours who are accustomed to hiking conditions will participate in these trips.
 Active travel in the high and partially mid-price segments will remain in demand, as they will remain accessible to the target audience of this category of active travelers, but they will still not be widespread.
 Keywords: adventure tourism, active travel, amateur trips, low-cost airlines.

Complex use of cycleand power-ergometry in determining the physical working capacity of young athletes

The aim of this study is to scientifically substantiate the possibilities of complex use of cycle- and power-ergometry in determining aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic performance of power nature.
 Materials and methods. Young athletes (boys) aged 15–16 (n = 91) of the Brovary Higher School of Physical Education (Kyiv region) (experimental group), who participated in the study, were divided into two groups. Group А (n = 47) – speed-power sports (boxing, freestyle wrestling); group B (n = 44) – endurance sports (track and field athletics: 800, 1500, 3000 and 5000-meters race, bicycle racing 50 and 75 km). Sports experience was 3–5 years and more. The control group (group К) consisted of students aged 15–16, who did not play sports (n = 25). Physical working capacity was determined using two methods: submaximal cycle ergometric test PWC170 and submaximal power ergometric test PWC170. Method of power ergometry (patent of Ukraine No 49417) has no analogues in countries of near and far abroad.
 Results. The fact of the specific influence of different kinds of dosed physical exercises (strength and power exercises) on PWC170 indicators was established. Thus, no probable differences in aerobic performance indicators were found in wrestlers and boxers during the cycle ergometric test. And conversely, under the conditions of power ergometric testing, we find a significant increase in their PWC170 indicators in relation to athletes of endurance sports. The opposite character of changes was observed when testing the track and field athletes and bike riders. According to the results of the conducted cycle ergometry, these athletes had a significant increase in aerobic performance indicators in comparison with the athletes of speed-power sports. However, the changes of anaerobic-aerobic performance were not significant. It was observed that the adolescents, who did not play sports, had statistically insignificant changes in PWC170 indicators both in the conditions of cycle ergometric and power ergometric testing.
 Conclusions. The fact of specific influence of different types of training exercises on the body functions of adolescents was confirmed. The possibility of introducing the methods of complex use of aerobic (cycle ergometry) and anaerobic-aerobic loads (power-ergometry) into the practice of medico-biological control of young athletes is shown. Diagnostics of various types of physical working capacity (PWC170) will provide the coach with operational information about the functional state of the athletes’ body, which will allow to effectively manage a training process.

A social constructivist understanding of culture for environmental justice and policy


 
 
 In addressing the environmental threats to cultural resources, some environmental ethicists have taken for granted the idea that culture has an essential character of change that is to be welcomed. In this article, I show that there are pressing moral issues, in this age of environmental crisis, that lurk behind the idea that culture has an essential nature of change. One question that I address is whether, if change is always a pervasive part of culture, we should be morally neutral about changes to cultural values and resources, especially when such change is harmful and external forces are responsible. To address this question, I adopt a social constructivist understanding of culture to show why concerns for loss of culture in the event of environmental crisis that is qualified as cultural change is normatively flawed. I argue that this perspective on culture, yet to be considered in environmental justice literature, prescribes not being neutral about cultural change in addressing environmental issues that affect cultural resources. I demonstrate that seeing culture in this new light has revealing implications for environmental justice. I conclude that failure to integrate this idea of environmental justice runs the risk of dismissing what is harmful to some cultural groups under the guise of ‘normal’ cultural change.