Change Requests Research Articles

A Fairness-Based Access Control Scheme to Optimize IPTV Fast Channel Changing

IPTV services are typically featured with a longer channel changing delay compared to the conventional TV systems. The major contributor to this lies in the time spent on intraframe (I-frame) acquisition during channel changing. Currently, most widely adopted fast channel changing (FCC) methods rely on promptly transmitting to the client (conducting the channel changing) a retained I-frame of the targeted channel as a separate unicasting stream. However, this I-frame acceleration mechanism has an inherent scalability problem due to the explosions of channel changing requests during commercial breaks. In this paper, we propose a fairness-based admission control (FAC) scheme for the original I-frame acceleration mechanism to enhance its scalability by decreasing the bandwidth demands. Based on the channel changing history of every client, the FAC scheme can intelligently decide whether or not to conduct the I-frame acceleration for each channel change request. Comprehensive simulation experiments demonstrate the potential of our proposed FAC scheme to effectively optimize the scalability of the I-frame acceleration mechanism, particularly in commercial breaks. Meanwhile, the FAC scheme only slightly increases the average channel changing delay by temporarily disabling FCC (i.e., I-frame acceleration) for the clients who are addicted to frequent channel zapping.

A Risk Model of Requirements Change Impact Analysis

Software systems are critical assets to organisations as they support important business processes and workflow. To maintain the value of these assets, the requirements of software systems must evolve whenever there are changes in business needs. A key problem to organisations is implementing requirements change to the existing software systems. Such initiatives need proper analyses so that their effects could be determined before resources are spent. Impact analysis is therefore an important step in requirements change management. As a project, any change implementation involves risks. It is thus necessary for impact analysis to consider risk factors for implementing requirements change. However to date, the risk factors concerning requirement change are not much explored. This paper aims to identify the risk factors for implementing requirements change. The risk factors were identified through two qualitative approaches, namely a review of related work and a focus group study. The former involved fifty published articles and the latter concerned five domain experts. The collected risk factors from both studies were analysed by using content analysis. The risk factors form a risk model for analysing impacts of implementing requirements change. The model helps practitioners to assess the viability of requirements change requests.

Challenges and opportunities for software change request repositories: a systematic mapping study

ABSTRACTSoftware maintenance starts as soon as the first artifacts are delivered and is essential for the success of the software. However, keeping maintenance activities and their related artifacts on track comes at a high cost. In this respect, change request (CR) repositories are fundamental in software maintenance. They facilitate the management of CRs and are also the central point to coordinate activities and communication among stakeholders. However, the benefits of CR repositories do not come without issues, and commonly occurring ones should be dealt with, such as the following: duplicate CRs, the large number of CRs to assign, or poorly described CRs. Such issues have led researchers to an increased interest in investigating CR repositories, by considering different aspects of software development and CR management. In this paper, we performed a systematic mapping study to characterize this research field. We analyzed 142 studies, which we classified in two ways. First, we classified the studies into different topics and grouped them into two dimensions: challenges and opportunities. Second, the challenge topics were classified in accordance with an existing taxonomy for information retrieval models. In addition, we investigated tools and services for CR management, to understand whether and how they addressed the topics identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Study on Reorganization of Curriculum Based on the Request of Change in Elementary Teacher Education : the Case of S.N.U.E.

The Study on Reorganization of Curriculum Based on the Request of Change in Elementary Teacher Education : the Case of S.N.U.E.

Identifying Designers and their Design Knowledge

This paper presents an approach to identify designers who participated in shaping the design of software systems. Designers are identified as well as their design knowledge. Identified designers are recommended to handle a high level change request. High level requests require changing the design of software systems. The identified design knowledge of designers is used to find the appropriate designer to handle a change request. Designers are developers who made design changes to the software. Identifying designers and their design knowledge is based on mining software repositories to extract design changes from commits. Developers who committed any design change are considered designers. Type and amount of committed design changes are used to identify the knowledge of designers. A tool has been developed to automatically recommend a set of designers to handle a high level change request. Recommended designers are ranked based on their knowledge that is identified from cumulative design activities for designers. The tool also extracts useful information and statistics about designers and their activities. A case study of two open source projects is presented to show the benefits of the proposed approach and tool. Results showed that most committers are not designers. It also shows that designers can be ranked based on their design knowledge.

Coping with information requests in marketing exchanges: an examination of pre-post affective control and behavioral coping

This paper examines consumers’ personal information disclosure behaviors and how consumers emotionally respond to and behaviorally cope with requests for personal data. We show through two experiments that individuals’ felt emotions toward requests for information change based on the disclosure strategy chosen. We also provide evidence that individuals rely on falsification as a means of behaviorally coping with personal information requests and that falsification mediates pre-to-post disclosure control perceptions. Implications for marketers are discussed.

Streamlining the study start up process

Trial start up is a frenetic time for any trial manager: once a trial has been funded the clock is ticking to get the first participant recruited. There are a number of key activities that need to happen during this stage, so developing standardised processes to help improve effectiveness can make the system more efficient, and help promote best practice. Three of the key processes that have been developed within our CTU have been: • a centralised resource repository, housing a suite of trial paperwork templates (e.g. consent forms, trial master file checklists, case report forms etc), which can be easily customised to each new trial. This has proven to be of great value to new trials. • the use of specialised quality management software to manage and control these templates, thus ensuring version control and a managed (and auditable) approach to template upgrading. In addition to any revisions made following legislative or regulatory changes, all staff are encouraged to raise ‘change requests' based on their experiences of using these templates to ensure continued improvement. • a bespoke electronic trial filing structure. Most of the trials managers work across more than one trial so a secure and systematic approach to managing the day-to-day trial documentation has not only ensured consistency in trial conduct but has been highly advantageous during inspections/monitoring visits. This talk will use examples from real trials to illustrate these processes.

The Governmental Supervision Responsibility and Standardization Construction of Construction Quality

Our country has carried out the government supervision system of construction quality for twenty-eight years and had a great achievement in the effective guarantee of construction quality aspect. With the deepening reform of governmental supervision in construction quality, the scientific and standardization of supervision become the characteristics of the new era of quality supervision work. Analysis the risk of the quality supervision, the restraint of institution, the obstacle of system, a correct understanding of the relation between the target of governmental quality supervision and supervision responsibilities, need to carry out the scientific supervision of construction quality based on the working of standardization system of supervision. Implementation of construction quality supervision and standardization is the inherent request of change the way of supervision, is the law of the change of new era supervision, is the effective way of improving the supervision efficiency, is the platform foundation of realizing the modernization of supervision, is the behavior criterion of the standardization of supervision behavior, is the watershed of defining and distinguishing the nature of supervision responsibility.

The Design of Demountable Modular Milling Attachment Based on Engine Lathes

This paper analyzes the limitation of engine lathes during manufacturing process because of its structural constraints, and designs the demountable modular attachment based on engine lathes. According to the analysis of the cutting process, an appropriate cutter drive servo motor is selected. Combined with the transmission range of tool rotational speed, transmission program is made and its parameters are determined. According to the transmission program, the actual tool change request and mounting dimensions of engine lathes, this paper designs and optimizes the structure of the power transmission device and the tool change device. Eventually the milling attachment is mounted to the engine lathe by the connecting device, reaching the demand of optimizing the working range of the engine lathe, realizing the turn-milling machining and raising fabrication efficiency and accuracy.

Referees' comments on submissions to peer-reviewed journals: when is a suggestion not a suggestion?

This paper examines the ways in which reviewers ask for changes to be made to submissions to peer-reviewed journal articles. Ninety-five reviewers' reports were examined. Forty-five of the reviewers also completed a questionnaire which asked about their experience in carrying out peer reviews, how they learnt to write reviews and the challenges they faced in reviewing submissions to peer-reviewed journals. The study found that requests for changes were largely made as directions, suggestions, clarification requests and recommendations. While a good number of these changes were requested directly, a large number of them were not. For authors who are new to the peer-review process, indirect requests of the kind revealed in the study can be difficult to decode. Very often these indirect requests are directions to make very specific changes to a submission and need, it is argued, to be read as such. The findings are especially relevant to beginning researchers as they provide insights into how they can respond to reviewers' reports and, thereby, increase their chances of publication.

Quantifying the evolution of TTCN-3 as a language

Ten years of maintenance, nine published revisions of the standards for the Testing and Test Control Notation version 3 (TTCN-3), more than 500 change requests since 2006, and 10 years of activity on the official TTCN-3 mailing list add up to a rich history, not unlike that of many successful Open Source Software (OSS) projects. In this article, we contemplate TTCN-3 in the context of software evolution and examine its history quantitatively. We mined the changes in the textual content of the standards, the data in change requests from the past 5 years, and the mailing list archives from the past 10 years. In addition, to characterize the use of the TTCN-3 we investigated the meta-data of the contributions at the TTCN-3 User Conference, and the use of language constructs in a large-scale TTCN-3 test suite. Based on these data sets, we first analyze the amount, density, and location of changes within the different parts of the standard. Then, we analyze the activity and focus of the user community and the maintenance team in both the change request management system and the official TTCN-3 mailing list. Finally, we analyze the distribution of contributions at the TTCN-3 User Conference across different topics over the past 8 years and construct use anomalies during the development of a large-scale test suite. Our findings indicate that the TTCN-3 is becoming increasingly stable as the overall change density and intensity, as well as the number of change requests are decreasing, despite the monotonous increase in the size of the standards.

Application of Change Control Technology in Weapon Equipment Software Configuration Management

Software configuration management (SCM), usually call configuration management, it runs through the entire software life cycle, it can bring software development onto a repeatable, manageable way. This paper analyze the actuality of weapon equipment software quality management work, combined with the weapon equipment softwares characteristic, SCM implementation process is put forward, then the method, process and requires of SCM are presented in detail, focusing on the change control which is the key process of SCM. According practical software development, it describes the application of change control in Weapon equipment SCM from the state of change request, change control process, change request strategy several aspects.

Teaching Design in Computer Engineering

This paper reports on a project based learning approach taken to teach the ECE 3740 Systems Engineering Principles and ECE 3730 Principles ofEmbedded Systems Design courses at the University of Manitoba. These courses were 100% hands-on, and each student was given development hardware and software in a lunch box to take home and work on projects throughout the course. Industry representative projects were chosen based on the author’s 5 years of experience working in the embedded systems industry. The courses were given in a company-like setting, where the lectures and laboratories were organized as product requirements gathering and analysis, design modeling and review, test plan and procedures, engineering change request and management, documentation, and product deployment meetings and events. The test and final exam were performed by students in the laboratory; they brought their embedded systems hardware in the lunch box,solved the given hands-on problems of the test/exam, and demonstrated their solutions, in real-time. This novel methodology allowed the examiner to directly assess student performance in the CEAB attributes of Design, Analysis, Investigation, and Tools, because their designsand solutions were actually demonstrated in actual hardware and software, not just on paper, like the conventional assessment approach for tests and exams.

Bad Souls: Madness and Responsibility in Modern Greeceby Anne DavisElizabeth. Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 2012, 344 pp., $25.95.

Bad Souls: Madness and Responsibility in Modern Greeceby Anne DavisElizabeth. Durham, N.C., Duke University Press, 2012, 344 pp., $25.95.

A satellite schedulability prediction algorithm for EO SPS

With notably few exceptions, the existing satellite mission operations cannot provide the ability of schedulability prediction, including the latest satellite planning service (SPS) standard – Sensor Planning Service Interface Standard 2.0 Earth Observation Satellite Tasking Extension (EO SPS) approved by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The requestor can do nothing but waiting for the results of time consuming batch scheduling. It is often too late to adjust the request when receiving scheduling failures. A supervised learning algorithm based on robust decision tree and bagging support vector machine (Bagging SVM) is proposed to solve the problem above. The Bagging SVM is applied to improve the accuracy of classification and robust decision tree is utilized to reduce the error mean and error variation. The simulations and analysis show that a prediction action can be accomplished in near real-time with high accuracy. This means the decision makers can maximize the probability of successful scheduling through changing request parameters or take action to accommodate the scheduling failures in time.

The Need for Industry and Occupation Standards in Hospital Discharge Data

Occupational injuries and illnesses affect the productivity of the U.S. workforce, yet public health surveillance in the United States does not adequately track and report these incidents. Adding industry and occupation standards to US hospital data collection would enable physicians, researchers, and payors to accurately account for occupational injuries and illnesses as well as support prevention initiatives. The authors petitioned for the inclusion of standards for industry and occupation within hospital data; however, additional support from the occupational and environmental health community is needed to move the petition to adoption. This article discusses the policy implications and benefits to occupational medicine and public health provided by collecting industry and occupation in hospital discharge data, as well as the process of initiating a data change request with the National Uniform Billing Committee.

UML Modeling of Diagram Document Online Approval Process

Network-based diagram document online approval management is imperative. Focusing on the development of an enterprise diagram document online management system, this paper defined the task node of diagram documentation approval process, and analyzed the corresponding diagram document approval process. According to the change demand, the diagram document change approval process was subdivided into three sub process: problem report approval, change request approval and change approval, and each main node task of the three sub process has been designed. On this basis, the UML activity diagram model of the document change and approval process was established, which is useful to develop the diagram document online approval management system.

Assessing the capability of code smells to explain maintenance problems: an empirical study combining quantitative and qualitative data

Code smells are indicators of deeper design problems that may cause difficulties in the evolution of a software system. This paper investigates the capability of twelve code smells to reflect actual maintenance problems. Four medium-sized systems with equivalent functionality but dissimilar design were examined for code smells. Three change requests were implemented on the systems by six software developers, each of them working for up to four weeks. During that period, we recorded problems faced by developers and the associated Java files on a daily basis. We developed a binary logistic regression model, with "problematic file" as the dependent variable. Twelve code smells, file size, and churn constituted the independent variables. We found that violation of the Interface Segregation Principle (a.k.a. ISP violation) displayed the strongest connection with maintenance problems. Analysis of the nature of the problems, as reported by the developers in daily interviews and think-aloud sessions, strengthened our view about the relevance of this code smell. We observed, for example, that severe instances of problems relating to change propagation were associated with ISP violation. Based on our results, we recommend that code with ISP violation should be considered potentially problematic and be prioritized for refactoring.

표준화된 철근배근도 작성 자동화를 위한 필요 사항에 관한 연구

An automation of standardized rebar shop drawing is necessary for easy application by improving workability, prompt preparation to field change request and easy revisions of shop drawing. Through investigating problem of current rebar shop drawing, we found that standardization of reinforcing detail, standardization of rebar expression and automation of rebar shop drawing program for the sake of designer is needed. We will investigate disagreement of reinforcing detail between building code and how worker build structure for standardization of reinforcing detail, demands of companies participated in rebar process for standardization of rebar expression and proper algorithm with selectable level of inputting data for automation of rebar shop drawing program for the sake of designer.

A case study on consistency management of business and IT process models in banking

Organizations that adopt process modeling often maintain several co-existing models of the same business process. These models target different abstraction levels and stakeholder perspectives. Maintaining consistency among these models has become a major challenge for such organizations. Although several academic works have discussed this challenge, little empirical investigation exists on how people perform process model consistency management in practice. This paper aims to address this lack by presenting an in-depth empirical study of a business-driven engineering process deployed at a large company in the banking sector. We analyzed more than 70 business process models developed by the company, including their change history, with over 1,000 change requests. We also interviewed 9 business and IT practitioners and surveyed 23 such practitioners to understand concrete difficulties in consistency management, the rationales for the specification-to-implementation refinements found in the models, strategies that the practitioners use to detect and fix inconsistencies, and how tools could help with these tasks. Our contribution is a set of eight empirical findings, some of which confirm or contradict previous works on process model consistency management found in the literature. The findings provide empirical evidence of (1) how business process models are created and maintained, including a set of recurrent patterns used to refine business-level process specifications into IT-level models; (2) what types of inconsistencies occur; how they are introduced; and what problems they cause; and (3) what stakeholders expect from tools to support consistency management.