Changes In Body Position Research Articles

Technical-tactical behavior analysis of general duty police officers during non-compliant suspect apprehensions: A novel approach to establish minimum force requirements.

While effective apprehensions of non-compliant suspects are central to public safety, the minimal force needed to transition a suspect from standing to the ground, vital for apprehension success, has not been established. To examine the technical-tactical behaviors of general duty police officers during simulated apprehensions and quantify the minimum force required to destabilize non-compliant suspects. Task simulations conducted with 91 officers were analyzed to identify common grappling movements, strikes, control tactics, and changes in body posture. A separate assessment of 55 male officers aimed to determine the minimum force required for destabilization in five body regions (wrist, forearm, shoulder, mid-chest, and mid-back). Data are presented as mean±standard deviation. On average, apprehensions took 7.3±3.2 seconds. While all officers used grappling movements (100%) and the majority employed control tactics (75%), strikes were seldom used (4%). Apprehensions typically began with a two-handed pull (97%; Contact Phase), 55% then attempted an arm bar takedown, followed by a two-handed cross-body pull (68%; Transition/Control Phase), and a two-handed push to the ground (19%; Ground Phase). All officers began in the upright posture, with most shifting to squat (75%), kneel (58%), or bent (45%) postures to complete the apprehension. The minimum force required to disrupt balance differed across body regions (wrist: 54±12 kg; forearm: 49±12 kg; shoulder: 42±10 kg; mid-chest: 44±11 kg; mid-back: 30±7 kg, all P < 0.05), except between the shoulder and chest (P = 0.19). These findings provide insights that can enhance the design and accuracy of future apprehension evaluations and inform the optimization of law enforcement physical employment standards.

Pengaruh Endorphin Massage Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Punggung Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III: Systematic Review

Objective: Back pain is an uncomfortable feeling that pregnant women often experience during the third trimester. The centre of gravity influences the enlargement of the uterus, which stretches outward. Not only that, weakening of the abdominal muscles, changes in body position, and pressure on the back are also influenced by the centre of gravity in the mother's stomach. As a result, the pregnant woman's back will be pulled backwards, and the pregnant woman will arch her neck. This posture causes the lower back to curve and pulls the back muscles, causing pain. Endorphin massage is a massage that stimulates the body to generate endorphin compounds as pain relievers. The research aims to understand and determine the effect of endorphin massage on the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. Methods: The method used in this research is the systematic literature review method using the Google Scholar and Research database. The procedure for collecting articles is from quantitative research journals from the last ten years &amp; has a minimum index of Sinta 5. Articles from research journals are searched using the keywords "Endorphin Massage" AND "Pregnant Women". After the article you are looking for matches, the keyword appears; it is then selected again so that five articles are found. Results: Of the five articles, most of them discussed the impact of complementary therapy, significantly endorphin massage, which can minimise back pain felt by pregnant women, and the results showed that there was an influence of endorphin massage on pregnant women in the third trimester. Conclusion: From this literature review research, it can be concluded that endorphin massage influences reducing the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women

Usefulness of Body Position Change during Local Ablation Therapies for the High-Risk Location Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Local ablation therapies are important treatment options for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Various techniques have been used to perform these therapies efficiently and safely. However, few reports have discussed the usefulness of body position change (BPC). This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of BPC during local ablation therapies in patients with HCC. We evaluated 283 HCC nodules that underwent local ablation therapy. These nodules were categorized into high- or low-risk locations on the basis of their proximity to large vessels, adjacent extrahepatic organs, or poor visibility under ultrasound (US) guidance. The technical success rates, procedure time, and prognosis were evaluated. In this study, 176 (62%) nodules were classified in the high-risk location group. The high-risk location group was treated with techniques such as BPC, artificial pleural fluid, artificial ascites, fusion imaging, and contrast-enhanced US more frequently than the low-risk location group. The technical success rates were 96% and 95% for the high- and low-risk location groups, respectively. Within the high-risk location group, those without BPC had a lower success rate than those with BPC (91% vs. 99%, p = 0.015). Notably, BPC emerged as the sole contributing factor to the technical success rate in the high-risk location group (OR = 10, 95% CI 1.2-86, p = 0.034). In contrast, no differences were found in the procedure time, local tumor progression rates, intrahepatic distant recurrence rates, and overall survival between the groups with and without BPC in the high-risk location group. In conclusion, BPC during local ablation therapy in patients with HCC in high-risk locations was safe and efficient. The body position should be adjusted for HCC in high-risk locations to maintain good US visibility and ensure a safe puncture route in patients undergoing local ablation therapies.

Prediction of preload dependency using phenylephrine-induced peripheral perfusion index during general anaesthesia: a prospective observational study

BackgroundTracking preload dependency non-invasively to maintain adequate tissue perfusion in the perioperative period can be challenging.The effect of phenylephrine on stroke volume is dependent upon preload. Changes in stroke volume induced by phenylephrine administration can be used to predict preload dependency. The change in the peripheral perfusion index derived from photoplethysmography signals reportedly corresponds with changes in stroke volume in situations such as body position changes in the operating room. Thus, the peripheral perfusion index can be used as a non-invasive potential alternative to stroke volume to predict preload dependency. Herein, we aimed to determine whether changes in perfusion index induced by the administration of phenylephrine could be used to predict preload dependency.MethodsWe conducted a prospective single-centre observational study. The haemodynamic parameters and perfusion index were recorded before and 1 and 2 min after administering 0.1 mg of phenylephrine during post-induction hypotension in patients scheduled to undergo surgery. Preload dependency was defined as a stroke volume variation of ≥ 12% before phenylephrine administration at a mean arterial pressure of < 65 mmHg. Patients were divided into four groups according to total peripheral resistance and preload dependency.ResultsForty-two patients were included in this study. The stroke volume in patients with preload dependency (n = 23) increased after phenylephrine administration. However, phenylephrine administration did not impact the stroke volume in patients without preload dependency (n = 19). The perfusion index decreased regardless of preload dependency. The changes in the perfusion index after phenylephrine administration exhibited low accuracy for predicting preload dependency. Based on subgroup analysis, patients with high total peripheral resistance tended to exhibit increased stroke volume following phenylephrine administration, which was particularly prominent in patients with high total peripheral resistance and preload dependency.ConclusionThe findings of the current study revealed that changes in the perfusion index induced by administering 0.1 mg of phenylephrine could not predict preload dependency. This may be attributed to the different phenylephrine-induced stroke volume patterns observed in patients according to the degree of total peripheral resistance and preload dependency.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000049994 on 9/01/2023).

Changes in skin temperature and behaviors of preweaning Holstein calves in a hot environment monitored by a multimodal tail-attached device

This study aimed to determine the applicability of a tail-attached device in monitoring animal-based indicators (ABI) associated with changes in environmental conditions in calves through investigating the relationship between sensor-derived ABI and the temperature-humidity index (THI). Furthermore, to identify effective ABI indicative of heat stress status, sensor-derived ABI of calves under differing heat stress levels based on rectal temperature (RT) were compared. The tail-attached device, which is capable of measuring skin temperature (ST), activity intensity, and roll angle along the longitudinal axis of the tail at 3-min intervals, was attached to 99 preweaning female Holstein calves for an average of 4 wk (26.4 ± 6.8 d). After selecting data from mild to hot days (daily average THI of ≥55), physiological (daily maximum tail ST) and behavioral (daily average activity intensity, daily total lying time, and daily total body position change) ABI were computed, and their relationship with the daily average THI was determined using piecewise regression analysis. Additionally, during the hot season, RT of 20 randomly selected tested calves were measured thrice a week (every 2.4 ± 0.5 d), and a comparison was conducted between the ABI of calves with normal RT (<39.5°C) and those with high RT (≥39.5°C), utilizing data from days characterized by potential heat stress (daily average THI of ≥75). During the study, ambient temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) were recorded every 10 min using an automatic digital data logger, from which the daily average THI was calculated. Piecewise regression analysis identified THI breakpoints of 73.6 for tail ST, 79.1 for average activity intensity, 72.3 for lying time, and 79.1 for position change. All the tested ABI tended to increase as THI increased, and this trend was pronounced in tail ST, activity intensity, and position change after the breakpoint. These 3 ABI were higher in calves with high RT compared with those with normal RT, whereas lying time shared similar values between the RT groups. Overall, these findings suggest that the tail-attached device can simultaneously monitor both physiological and behavioral ABI in calves, and among the ABI, tail ST, activity intensity, and position change are the effective ABI indicative of heat stress status.

Changes in Somatic Indicators, Body Posture and Health-Oriented Fitness among Younger School-Age Female Pupils

Background and Aim of Study: Currently, we are observing a worsening trend in the field of health-oriented fitness and postural health of the school population. The aim of the research was to compare and expand knowledge in the areas of monitoring somatic changes, indicators of health-oriented fitness, motor performance, and body posture among 10-year-old female school populations. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of ????n=292 female pupils, with n=150 from 2012 and n=142 from 2022 at the elementary school in Žilina (ZA), Slovakia. An ex post facto study was applied. Standardized methods of measurement and testing applicable for school practice were used to obtain data. Differences between groups of female pupils were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. To determine the effect size and measure the difference in average values, Cohen's d and r were used. The differences found were evaluated at the (p&lt;0.05) level of statistical significance. Results: When comparing the average body weight of female pupils from ZA in 2012 and 2022, we found a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) (H=4.87, p=0.02733) in favor of female pupils from 2012. The same finding in favor of female pupils from 2012 was recorded when comparing the average body mass index (BMI) (H=4.8182, p=0.02816), as well as in evaluating the average health-oriented fitness using the Ruffier test (H=13.1965, p=0.00028). The Beep test was also used to evaluate the endurance abilities of female pupils, where current ZA female pupils in 2022 showed significantly worse results (H=5.752, p=0.01647). Similarly, we also observed significant (p&lt;0.05) worse findings in overall body posture among female pupils from ZA in 2022. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, we consider the current state of body weight, posture, health-oriented physical fitness and endurance skills in younger school-aged girls to be unsatisfactory and health-threatening. It is necessary to further deal with the stated facts and look for preventive measures. These findings indicate a declining and deteriorating trend in health-oriented fitness in relation to body weight, body posture, and endurance abilities.

Analysis of Head Micromovements and Body Posture for Vigilance Decrement Assessment

Vigilance refers to the capability of humans to respond accordingly to relevant and unpredictable tasks and surrounding environment changes over prolonged periods of time. Identifying vigilance decrements can, therefore, have huge and vital impacts on several operational environments in which a simple slip of mind or a deficit in attention can bear life-threatening and disastrous consequences. Several methodologies have been proposed to assess and characterize vigilance, and the results have indicated that the sole measure of performance and self-reports are not enough to obtain reliable and real-time vigilance measure. Nowadays, monitoring head and body movements to obtain information about performance in daily activities, health conditions, and mental states has become very simple and cheap due to the miniaturization of inertial measurement units and their widespread integration into common electronic devices (e.g., smart glasses, smartwatches). The present study aimed to understand the relationship between head micromovements and body posture changes to vigilance decrease while performing the psychomotor vigilance task. The results highlighted that head micromovements can be employed to track vigilance decrement during prolonged periods of time and discriminate between conditions of high or low vigilance.

Literature Review: Efektivitas Elastic Therapeutic Taping (Ett) Terhadap Pengurangan Skala Nyeri Punggung Bawah Pada Kehamilan Trimester Iii

One of the physiological changes in pregnant women in the third trimester is the gradual musculoskeletal changes associated with the occurrence of low back pain due to increased body weight and changes in body posture. One of the new technologies in physical therapy is the use of elastic therapeutic bandages. This literature review aims to determine the effectiveness of elastic therapeutic taping (ett) against LBP in the third trimester of pregnancy. Of the 11 studies reviewed by the authors, it was shown that ETT support for low back pain relief was usually installed in the lumbar region 5 (L5) and sacrum (S1) with a band pattern I. ETT can be done 2 times a week and the ETT is replaced 3 days every 3 weeks for best results. optimally with a duration of 24-72 hours. ETT can reduce pain scores more significantly when combined with other therapies such as Paracetamol plus ETT, TENS plus ETT, ETT with oblique pelvic exercises, back exercises with ETT. The conclusion is that ETT can relieve low back pain and have a very real effect in reducing low back pain intensity in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Evaluation of functional interaction masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles affected by TMJ dysfunction.

Aim: To evaluate the functional connection and the bioelectrical state of the m.masseter and m. sternocleidomastoid using functional tests before and after treatment. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 21 individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Examinations were carried out before and after treatment using repositioning splint therapy and in seated/standing positions. Results: M. masseter - p=0.072 before treatment and p=0.821 after treatment. Symmetry is also maintained after treatment. After treatment, a significant difference is noted at the level of significance p<0.001 for the right chewing muscle. In seated and standing positions before treatment did not reveal a statistically significant difference (p=0.07, p=0.143) and after (p=0.272, p=0.623).M. sternocleidomastoid- p<0.001 when comparing right and left sides. After treatment, there was no difference between the right and left sides (p=0.169). No statistical difference was found when assessing indicators separately for the right and left muscles in seated and standing positions (p=0.304, p=0.611, p=0.089, p=0.869). When comparing the bioelectric potentials of the right muscle before, after treatment, a statistically significant difference was found p=0.001. Conclusions: Biostatistical analysis of the indicators of bioelectrical activity of m. masseter and sternocleidomastoid indicates no changes in muscle microvolt indicators with changes in body position in patients. However, repositioning splint therapy is associated with reduced muscle tone in initially more spasmodic muscles. It is worth noting that the symmetry of interaction between muscles improves.

Functional assessment of internal carotid artery tortuosity in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis

The review is devoted to diagnosis and treatment of internal carotid artery tortuosity. The authors consider modern classification, epidemiology and diagnostic options using neuroimaging or ultrasound-assisted functional stress tests depending on medical history and complaints. In addition to standard Doppler ultrasound, rotational and orthostatic tests are advisable due to possible changes of local shape and hemodynamic parameters following body position changes, especially in patients with concomitant atherosclerotic stenosis. Thus, a personalized approach is especially important for treatment and diagnostics of internal carotid artery tortuosity.

Stress‐related fluctuations in personality functioning in daily life: Pilot data from an ambulatory monitoring study in outpatients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder

AbstractThis pilot study aimed to test a comprehensive experience sampling method (ESM) protocol for investigating the relationship between stress and personality functioning (PF) in the daily lives of outpatients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Participants (N = 22) responded to a 32‐item ESM questionnaire 10 times a day for 1 week while wearing two stress detection devices. Results showed that the protocol was feasible. There was a high level of compliance (i.e. average of 85%), and no serious adverse events. The main indices, that is, Stress and PF, demonstrated acceptable to excellent internal consistency and provisional evidence for their validity. We found that 64% of the variability in PF was due to within‐subject differences. Mixed modelling showed that the momentary changes in stress (p &lt; .001) and body position (i.e. active vs passive; p &lt; .001) explained an estimated 46% of this within‐subject variance. We found no significant within‐subject effects when we used parameters of autonomic nervous system (ANS)–activity as predictors. Data loss during recording and artefact detection of electrophysiological data were substantial but not related to momentary changes in PF. The preliminary findings suggest that PF is a volatile aspect of personality pathology and that there is a strong, concurrent relationship between stress and PF in daily life. This pilot study constitutes the first demonstration of PF fluctuations within a clinical sample and initiates an examination of their association with ANS activity.

Nasal cycle

The nasal cycle is a physiological phenomenon that may cause a periodic change in the patency of the nasal cavities through changes in congestion and constriction of the nasal mucosa especially in the inferior nasal turbinates. This phenomenon was first described by the German physician Richard Kayser in 1895. The nasal cycle is regulated by the hypothalamus via the sympathetic nervous system. Air flow through the nasal cavities is influenced by different factors such as hyperventilation, changes in body position, air temperature, nasal diseases, infection, allergy and vasomotor rhinitis, as well as medications like acetylsalicylic acid and sympathomimetics.

Relationship of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressures with Changes in Body Positions of Critically Ill Patients on Mechanical Ventilation: An Observational Study.

Endotracheal tube cuff pressure (ETCP) is an important factor to determine the development of complications associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. To avoid preventable complications arising out of immobilization, frequent changes in body positioning are necessary. Such variations in body position can affect ETCP in critically ill patients who are on mechanical ventilation. So, our study aimed to assess the effect of changes in body position on ETCP in patients who are on mechanical ventilation. This prospective observational study included 31 critically ill intubated patients. Each study subject was first placed in a neutral starting position with a 30º head elevation. Then, they were subjected to a sequential change in body position based on the 16 most used positions as part of the critical care unit's (CCUs) daily routine. Endotracheal tube cuff pressure was measured after each position change. Data were analyzed using standard statistical tests. Statistically significant difference in ETCP was observed during anteflexion of neck, hyperextension of neck, left lateral flexion of neck, right lateral flexion of neck, left lateral rotation of neck, right lateral rotation of neck, 10o recumbent position, supine position, Trendelenburg position, and right lateral 30° and 45° positions. Maximum increase in ETCP was seen during anteflexion of neck (31 ± 4.5; 22-42 cm H2O). Our study demonstrates significant deviations in ETCP from the recommended range following changes in the body position of mechanically ventilated patients, highlighting the need for the measurement of ETCP after each position change and maintenance of the same within the target range. Roy O, Dasgupta S, Chandra A, Biswas P, Choudhury A, Ghosh S, et al. Relationship of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressures with Changes in Body Positions of Critically Ill Patients on Mechanical Ventilation: An Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(1):36-40.

PEMERIKSAAN TEKANAN DARAH DAN TES BUTA WARNA PADA MAHASISWA BARU DI SALAH SATU PTS KOTA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2023

Background: Health examinations can be carried out at government or private laboratories or free health education institutions. A person's blood pressure is influenced by several factors, such as changes in body position and physical activity. However, color often causes problems for sufferers both in daily activities and when sufferers want to pursue higher education or apply for certain types of work. The aim is to provide blood pressure checks and color blindness tests for new students at PTS X Palembang City in 2023. Method: research using quantitative methods with a Cross Sectional research design, carried out at the PTS X Laboratory, Palembang City on September 7 2023. The research population was 96 students and the research sample was 96 students using total sampling technique, data collection using checklist sheets and data analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: Based on the results obtained from 96 students at PTS Blood pressure examination results were abnormal 51.0%, normal 49.0%. The color blindness test results, which were 1.0% color blind, were 99.0% normal. From the majors, the Public Health major got 57.3%, ATLM 42.7%. There is a significant relationship between the color blindness test and gender (p value 0.003 and OR 0.900). There was no relationship between gender, PTS major and blood pressure. There is no relationship between major and color blindness test. Conclusion: Blood pressure checks and especially color blindness should be given early so as not to affect learning achievement, educational paths and future career development. Keywords : Health Checkup, Blood pressure, Color blindness

Physical Fitness Survey of Grade VI Students of Public Elementary School 2 Kebumen for the 2022/2023 School Year

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical fitness of grade VI students of Elementary School 2 Kebumen. The method used is quantitative descriptive research with survey methods. The subjects in this study were 23 grade VI students of SD Negeri 2 Kebumen, consisting of 13 students and 10 students. The sampling method uses the total sampling method. Nusantara Student Fitness Test 2022 is a series of TKPN tests consisting of five tests, namely: (1) Body Mass Index Test The purpose of this test is to determine the status of body mass (2) V Sit Reach Test This test aims to measure the flexibility of the back muscles and hamstrings. (3) Sit Up 60s this test aims to measure the strength and endurance of the abdominal muscles. (4) Squat Trust 30 seconds, Squat thrust is a combination movement of changing body position from standing position, squatting then push up position and back standing. The goal is to measure the endurance ability of strength, body control, balance, coordination and agility.and (5) Pacer Test, the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) Test is a progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance test using alternating cardiovascular endurance at a distance of 20 meters with step speed increasing every minute following a predetermined rhythm. Based on the results of research and discussion, the researchers concluded that the physical fitness level of grade 6 students of State Elementary School 2 Kebumen as measured by TKPN 2022 obtained an average result of 23 students having a "Very Good" physical fitness level. Keywords: Physical Fitness, Surveys, Students

Influence of static and dynamic changes in body positions on functional changes of the cardiovascular system

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in the regulation of heart activity, breathing and blood pressure. Through changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, it participates in the regulation, coordination and integration of internal organ function. The method of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (SAHRV) is used to examine the functional status of autonomic regulation of heart activity. During the examination, clino-ortho-clinostasis is used, which makes it possible to assess the reactivity of functional changes in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.We were therefore interested in what functional changes in the autonomic regulation of heart activity will occur during static and dynamic changes in the position of the body head down and up at angles of ± 45°.For the research, we used the method of spectral analysis of heart rate variability, supplemented by blood pressure measurement during the experiment. The experimental group included 24 healthy women aged 20-30. Before and after the experiment, a standard examination of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system was performed in the clino-ortho-clinostatic position.&#x0D; During the experimental sequence, changes in sympathetic, vagus, heart rate and blood pressure reactivity were monitored in the following positions:&#x0D; &#x0D; in an inclined position of the body with the head up – angle +45°&#x0D; in an inclined position of the body with the head down – angle -45°&#x0D; during dynamic changes in oblique body positions +-45°&#x0D; &#x0D; An auto-traction reclining couch was used for the investigation of oblique positions.&#x0D; The resultsDuring the application of oblique positions of the body, there are significant changes in the activity of the autonomic regulation of heart activity.In the head down position, there is an increased activation of the parasympathetic, a decrease in heart rate and an increase in systolic and diastolic pressure.During dynamic changes in body positions +- 45°, there is significant alternating activation of baroreflexes, modulated by sympathetic and vagal aktivity.&#x0D; ConclusionThe research study draws attention to the existence to multiple interconnections of regulatory mechanisms between the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory systems.

IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN LOW BACK PAIN PADA PEKERJA INDUSTRI KATERING

Background: Low back pain is pain that is felt in the affected anatomical area with various variations in the duration of pain. This pain is felt in the lumbar or lumbo-sacral region. Occupational diseases caused by non-ergonomic conditions include musculoskeletal disorders. Food industry workers are at risk of low back pain due to their activities such as bending, lifting and carrying heavy loads for a long time and repetitively. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the relationship of position and length of work of ketring business workers to the incidence of LBP. Methods: searches are conducted through Google Scholars, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ResearchGate and Science Direct. Obtained 30 journals that contain the topic of low back pain in catering industry workers. Results: from 30 journals, 12 cross-sectional studies, 7 systematic Reviews, 4 literature reviews, 5 cohort studies, 1 meta-analysis, and 1 case-control study were obtained. Discussion: LBP occurs due to the biomechanics of the lumbar vertebrae due to changes in body weight points with compensation for changes in body position and will cause pain. Muscle strain and spinal ligament sprain are among the main causes of LBP. lifting positions that are less ergonomic and repetitive in the long term are causing complaints of low back pain in ketring workers. Conclusion: the risk factors for low back Pain (LBP) in workers in the mining industry are caused by several factors such as position and posture when working which tend to be static and repetitive, old age workers, workers with excess weight. Keywords: Risk factor, LBP, worker, kitchen, catering

LITERATURE REVIEW: EFEKTIVITAS ELASTIC THERAPEUTIC TAPING (ETT) TERHADAP PENGURANGAN SKALA NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA KEHAMILAN TRIMESTER III

One of the physiological changes in pregnant women in the third trimester is the gradual musculoskeletal changes associated with the occurrence of low back pain due to increased body weight and changes in body posture. One of the new technologies in physical therapy is the use of elastic therapeutic bandages. This literature review aims to determine the effectiveness of elastic therapeutic taping (ett) against LBP in the third trimester of pregnancy. Of the 11 studies reviewed by the authors, it was shown that ETT support for low back pain relief was usually installed in the lumbar region 5 (L5) and sacrum (S1) with a band pattern I. ETT can be done 2 times a week and the ETT is replaced 3 days every 3 weeks for best results. optimally with a duration of 24-72 hours. ETT can reduce pain scores more significantly when combined with other therapies such as Paracetamol plus ETT, TENS plus ETT, ETT with oblique pelvic exercises, back exercises with ETT. The conclusion is that ETT can relieve low back pain and have a very real effect in reducing low back pain intensity in the last trimester of pregnancy.

Pixel Self-Attention Guided Real-Time Instance Segmentation for Group Raised Pigs

Instance segmentation is crucial to modern agriculture and the management of pig farms. In practical farming environments, challenges arise due to the mutual adhesion, occlusion, and dynamic changes in body posture among pigs, making accurate segmentation of multiple target pigs complex. To address these challenges, we conducted experiments using video data captured from varying angles and non-fixed lenses. We selected 45 pigs aged between 20 and 105 days from eight pens as research subjects. Among these, 1917 images were meticulously labeled, with 959 images designated for the training set, 192 for validation, and 766 for testing. To enhance feature utilization and address limitations in the fusion process between bottom-up and top-down feature maps within the feature pyramid network (FPN) module of the YOLACT model, we propose a pixel self-attention (PSA) module, incorporating joint channel and spatial attention. The PSA module seamlessly integrates into multiple stages of the FPN feature extraction within the YOLACT model. We utilized ResNet50 and ResNet101 as backbone networks and compared performance metrics, including AP0.5, AP0.75, AP0.5-0.95, and AR0.5-0.95, between the YOLACT model with the PSA module and YOLACT models equipped with BAM, CBAM, and SCSE attention modules. Experimental results indicated that the PSA attention module outperforms BAM, CBAM, and SCSE, regardless of the selected backbone network. In particular, when employing ResNet101 as the backbone network, integrating the PSA module yields a 2.7% improvement over no attention, 2.3% over BAM, 2.4% over CBAM, and 2.1% over SCSE across the AP0.5-0.95 metric. We visualized prototype masks within YOLACT to elucidate the model’s mechanism. Furthermore, we visualized the PSA attention to confirm its ability to capture valuable pig-related information. Additionally, we validated the transfer performance of our model on a top-down view dataset, affirming the robustness of the YOLACT model with the PSA module.

Effectiveness of Safe Patient Handling Equipment and Techniques: A Review of Biomechanical Studies.

This review aimed to evaluate all studies that have evaluated the biomechanical effects when using assistive devices. The physical demands of patient handling activities are well known. One safety strategy for the reduction of the physical risks is use of assistive devices. The search process identified articles published in English-speaking journals through Google Scholar, Medline, and ISI Web of Science. The included 56 studies contained a biomechanical assessment of a patient handling activity with assistive devices. The biomechanical effects included four groups: changes in body posture (spinal, other joints), subjective assessment (force, effort, discomfort), measured force (hand force, ground reaction force, spine force, joint torque), and physiological measures. The evidence showed caregivers benefited from using lift hoists, air-assisted devices, and to a lesser extent friction reducing devices for lateral transfers and repositioning, while floor and ceiling lifts were most effective for patient transfers. Some gaps were noted in the evidence and other handling tasks such as sit-to-stand, turning patient in bed, limb lifting, and repositioning and some more high hazard activities like supporting people with limited balance and those that fall need to be investigated with respect to biomechanical outcomes. There is a growing level of biomechanical evidence to support the use of assistive devices for many patient-handling tasks, but the benefits of equipment use in some transfers remain uninvestigated. Evidence indicates the best way to lift patients safely is with floor or ceiling lifts, and air-assisted devices for lateral and repositioning tasks.