Changes In Value Orientations Research Articles

Values on the horizon: Did the loss of innocence of conflict of laws change the relationship to the foreign?

AbstractWhile the complexity of the methodological and legislative-technical apparatus of conflict of laws has, in the eyes of its critics, created an aura of impermeability, they are, in fact, instruments through which a relationship to the foreign is conveyed and articulated. However, conflict of laws is not an immutable system of rules but rather a technique that undergoes varying degrees of development depending on the changing premises on which it is built. These are notably defined by different approaches to the values that frame the conflicts resolution. Depending on these values, the available instruments of conflict of laws are used to achieve different objectives. This results not only in a confluence of different methods but also in changes within a particular method. Against the backdrop of the value transformations of conflict of laws, this paper seeks to demonstrate that the abandonment of methodological purism of conflict of laws necessarily entails the abandonment of relational purism towards the foreign. By contrast, insofar as transformations within the dominant multilateral method are concerned, it is argued that the changes in value orientation have not led to a fundamental change in the nature of the relationship to the foreign.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ К СЕМЬЕ И РОДИТЕЛЬСТВУ СРЕДИ СТУДЕНТОВ КОЛЛЕДЖА

The article highlights the ongoing changes in value orientations in society and the possible consequences of this phenomenon. The author examines the concept of value from the point of view of psychology, talks about the role of these concepts for the individual. The arguments on the recognition of the family as a personal value are given. There is a discussion about the spread of various forms of cohabitation as a norm of behavior in today's society. The importance of studying the place of family and parenthood in the minds of modern students is noted. The article highlights the analysis of the results of research work on determining the attitude to family and parenthood of modern students of a provincial college. To achieve this goal, the study uses an anonymous survey using elements of a methodology for determining the value orientations of a person and an author's questionnaire. The composition and the presence of intergenerational ties in the families of the respondents are analyzed. The views of representatives of two age categories – adolescent and youth - are compared, and attention is also paid to differences in the opinions of respondents related to gender. The author examines the distribution of students' value orientations in order of importance. A graphical interpretation of the respondents' ranking of values is provided. The author suggests comparing the results obtained with the results of studies of a similar orientation presented by other authors. In the course of summarizing the data obtained, it is concluded that there is a need for pedagogical influence on college students to form an attitude towards family as a value, especially among students belonging to the adolescent age category. In conclusion, the author talks about the possibility of applying the results obtained in psychological and pedagogical practice.

Development of basic approaches to organizing methodical work to eliminate deficities in professional training of teachers based on informal education

Introduction. Intensive and global changes in the education system that have occurred in recent years, the conditions of digitalization and convergence of education, changes in value orientations and a decrease in interest in learning among the younger generation place ever-increasing demands on the professional competencies of teachers and the development of their personal qualities. One of the significant ways that can significantly improve the professionalism of teachers and improve the quality of education in general is methodical support for the process of eliminating professional deficits of teachers based on informal education. Based on the above, the purpose of this article is to develop and substantiate the main approaches to organizing methodical work to eliminate deficiencies in the professional training of teachers based on informal education.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out by analyzing scientific literature on the research problem, analyzing regulatory sources, and summarizing our own practical experience on this topic. Studying the scientific literature on this topic, the history of the formation of the methodical service in Russia, the current state of methodological work in general education, and the results of an empirical study aimed at assessing the methodical competence of general education teachers were analyzed. Research methods: analysis of theoretical and regulatory literature, historiographic analysis, generalization, formulation of conclusions, analysis of practical experience, questionnaires, method of expert assessments.Results. To summarize the above, the generalized characteristics of the methodological service during the period of its modernization can be described as internally contradictory. On the one hand, the processes of humanization of education contributed to the revelation of the creative potential of talented teachers, who at that time created a number of original schools, enriching pedagogy with a number of new approaches to teaching and upbringing, new methods and technologies of teaching. The results of the study, confirming the presence of deficiencies in certain components of professional training of teachers, have updated the task of finding measures to solve pressing problems for the regional education system. The competency improvement project developed for these purposes was based on the use of informal education.Discussion and Conclusions. A condition for the effective implementation of methodical work by means of informal education is the formation of a digital educational environment, which provides the opportunity to diagnose the professional competencies of a teacher and develop personalized learning trajectories based on diagnosis. Informal education of a teacher should be implemented in formalized organizational and managerial conditions that make it possible to track the individual dynamics of the teacher, identify areas of his professional difficulties, and provide expert support if necessary.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ САМОСОЗНАНИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ В НОВЫХ РЕАЛИЯХ

The authors of the article consider the problem of the impact of digitalization of education on a person, the change in its value-semantic sphere in the context of a pandemic and social isolation. Situations of uncertainty and social instability not only change the usual way of life, but also lead to stress, anxiety and tension. The change in value orientations in the structure of personality makes the problem of studying self-consciousness especially relevant. The complete transition to distance education has made its adjustments to the content of education and upbringing, forms and methods of its organization in higher educational institutions. The article presents the results of an online survey among students and teachers of the university in order to analyze the attitudes of students and teachers to a complete transition to distance learning in the context of restrictive measures; psychological state and difficulties that have arisen in the educational process of the university. The authors offer recommendations for psychological support aimed at reducing psychological pressure, preventing stress and ways to get out of it.

Professional value orientations of university students in the specialty «Foreign language» (based on the results of a sociological study)

Profound changes in modern society and the development of market relations in it have led to a change in the system of life values of citizens of any country. Changes in value orientations have a sig-nificant impact on the professional self-determination of the new generation, which requires other types of career guidance work with young people that differ from previous forms, taking into account their worldview attitudes, and unstable labor market conditions. The purpose of the research is to determine the spectrum of the main value orientations of students, the role and significance of the labor values of students majoring in «Foreign Languages» at universities in Kazakhstan, Russia and China for successful self-realization in the labor market. The main empirical part of the sociological research is a survey conducted by the method of questioning students studying at full-time departments of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (Kazakhstan), Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky (Russia) and Dalian University of Foreign Languages (China). The total number of respondents is 300 people. The article comprehensively analyzes the value structure that has changed under the influence of external causes, and the views of young people on professional preferences, their attitude to the pro-fession being mastered and its role in the implementation of individual life plans. The factors of socio-professional self-determination of students are revealed. According to the results of the sociological  research, for the youth of Kazakhstan and Russia, the importance in future work is an interesting job, and for Chinese students – the opportunity to develop skills in work. It was revealed that graduates who participated in the research of three countries in the specialty “Foreign language” have such common values as: “achieving their interests, goals”, as well as “conscious choice of profession” and “work only in their chosen specialty”. Key words: youth, values, value orientations, foreign language, choice of profession.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТА ВІДТВОРЕННЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦАЛУ АГРАРНОГО БІЗНЕСУ ЗА УМОВ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The aggravation of the global problems of humanity’s existence has led to a rapid and radical change in value orientations and strategic priorities for the further development of world economies. The concepts of socio-ecological and economic justice, equality, and access to financial benefits have replaced and supplemented the dominant commercial business management concepts. The idea of inclusive development has become one of the main ones among such concepts. Its principles aim to overcome gaps and inequalities in the population’s quality of life. The agricultural sector plays a decisive role in this. The article investigates the inclusive agricultural business’s key priorities, characteristics, and principles. A review of literary sources was carried out devoted to the issue of inclusiveness in the development of agriculture and rural areas. The author’s variation supplemented the fundamental principles of inclusive agrarian business. The landscape of the main tasks of using the resource potential of agribusiness under the conditions of an inclusive rural economy is determined. An analysis of the state, volumes, and value of the resource potential of agribusiness of Ukraine under pre-war conditions was carried out. The research results showed significant problems in the formation of the resource potential of the agricultural sector in terms of human resources, fixed assets, and intangible assets. Despite this, the results demonstrated the agrarian sector’s investment attractiveness and agribusiness’s high profitability. The thesis confirmed a significant potential for ensuring the future economic growth of the agricultural industry based on inclusive development. The critical strategic principle of managing the resource potential of inclusive farm businesses should be a compromise and an optimal combination of commercial business initiatives with a high level of social responsibility for agricultural producers. The final cessation of the military conflict on the territory of Ukraine should become a mandatory prerequisite for realizing this goal. The prospects for further scientific research in this context are the assessment of the dependence of the effectiveness of the use of the resource potential of agricultural business entities depending on the degree of implementation of the inclusive principles of its development in practical activities.

UKRANIAN FACTOR IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN IDENTITY

The transformation of Russian identity in the last 30 years has been influenced by both internal and external factors. As a rule, researchers attribute the policy of the West towards Russia to the most important external factors. In the opinion of the authors of this article, events and processes in the post-Soviet space, especially those taking place in Ukraine, are of no less importance. The article characterizes the impact of changes in political courses on the identification strategies of the political class of Russia and Ukraine, as a result of which they turned out to be not just different, but multidirectional. The work uses the traditional socio-constructivist approach for identity studies and the concept of identification matrices; discursive analysis was used as a method, the source base is presented both by publications and speeches of representatives of the political elite, and by data from public opinion polls and sociological surveys, which are secondary in nature. The conducted discursive analysis confirms that the most important point of divergence between the identification of Russia and Ukraine was the events that received the name “Orange Revolution” in Ukraine and caused value contradictions that contributed to the transition between the two countries into an open conflict after 2014. The severity of the reaction of Russian society to these discrepancies is explained by the stable traditions of perceiving Ukraine as a neighbor, as “Own”, due to which the change in value orientations and the political course of the Ukrainian elite towards Euro-Atlantic integration, accompanied and encouraged by anti-Russian rhetoric, the presentation of Russia as an oppressor and colonizer, began to be perceived and evaluated as a betrayal of the “brotherly” people, which destroys the Russian identity matrix .

Проблемы и возможности подготовки специалистов для работы с детьми с задержкой психического развития в системе высшего образования

In the modern rapidly changing world, there is a change in value orientations and educational paradigms, socio-economic, political, liberal-social and scientific conditions. These processes also affect the training system for working with different categories of children, including those with mental retardation. The purpose of this work is to study, analyze and objectively compare the structure of training bachelors who are capable of creating special conditions for education and upbringing for children with mental retardation, to identify common elements of this training. The study of the domestic practice of training specialists for working with persons with mental retardation is important for concretizing the content of specialized education. The study used a comparative analysis of training profiles in the framework of defectological, psychological-pedagogical and pedagogical training areas. At the same time, the authors also analyzed the main professional educational programs and work programs of specialized disciplines aimed at preparing defectologists, teachers and psychologists to work with children with impaired mental function. The study expanded the understanding of the dependence of the structure and content of personnel training for working with children with mental retardation on future areas of professional activity; the influence of research results, concepts of leading scientists who advocate the priority of defectologists in teaching and upbringing of children with mental retardation. Based on the results of the study, a versatile description of the structure of training psychological, pedagogical and defectological personnel was obtained by identifying factors that can affect the organization of optimal profile training for bachelors. The authors declare the idea of a specialized professional defectological education of teachers who are ready to work with children with mental retardation. The obtained research results can be used to design training modules in the structure of courses, the content of which maximally effectively ensures the formation of core competencies for working with children with mental retardation.

Новое коммуникативное мышление – новые ценности в современном языке PR

The article examines the language of public relations (PR) discourse, which conveys both universal and culture-specific values in the professional activities of PR councilors. Within the framework of modern communication studies, the focus is on the change of value orientations caused by the paradigmatic transformations of communicative thinking in the new era promoted by the Western world. The objective the article is to analyze the particularities of modern value concepts implemented in the language of PR specialists, both at the local and global levels. The methodology of the work is based on linguistic research and achievements in the field of communication studies of Russian and foreign theorists of leading scientific schools. Research methods include content analysis, continuous sampling, philological analysis, as well as general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Modern PR communication participated in values shift and modification of ideological ideas through communicative practices inherent in PR discourse. In conclusion, it has been found out that new value concepts within the framework of PR discourse are a new volatile reality of Western society, which must be studied to expand interdisciplinary knowledge and increase the pragmatic component of communicative research. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of ideological shifts embodied in the practice and language of PR communication, which also determines the practical significance of the presented work. In conclusion, it is noted that public relations specialists need to create messages taking into account the transformations taking place in modern global society. The obtained research results can be used in the process of teaching the theory of communication studies, intercultural communication and public relations writing practice.

Аналіз теоретичних основ організації адаптивної фізичної рекреації студентів у вітчизняних закладах вищої освіти

The purpose of the study was to describe the analysis of scientific literature on the problem of organization of adaptive physical recreation of students in Ukrainian institutions of higher education. Scientifically determined, that healthy persons need natural motor activity, and for persons with disabilities it is the opening of new opportunities for a positive change in their physical, biological and social status, these are: independence and self-confidence, expanding the circle of knowledge and communication, change in value orientations, enrichment of the spiritual world, improvement of motor abilities, increase in vitality, physical and mental health. One of the promising areas for meeting these social problems and avoiding the manifestation of negative consequences for this specified contingent is an adaptive physical recreation in the conditions of an institution of higher education, which allows: psychological relief, compensation for insufficient level of motor activity of students, improvement of their health, formation of motivational-value attitude, organization of meaningful leisure, empowerment of self-determination, self-improvement and implementation of equal rights and opportunities in order to increase the level of social integration. A real flaw in the system of physical education in Ukrainian universities is the actual absence of a clear legislative and normative regulation of the organization for adaptive physical recreation, as a component of adaptive physical education. Adaptive physical recreation, despite the wide range of available research materials, requiring high-quality processing and substantiation of the order of organization and scientific support of the functioning of the studied direction of physical education. Organization of health-improving and recreational activities of students in the system of adaptive physical education of higher education institutions involves observance of determined goals, objectives, methods, means, forms and procedures for organization of motor activity during student’s leisure. Conclusion. It is established that the organization of health and recreational activities of students in the system of adaptive physical education of higher education institutions is aimed at strengthening the health of students with disabilities, improving mental and physical performance and basic professional competencies of future professionals, forming a philosophy of healthy living influence on its components, which consists in the rational organization of free time, meeting the natural need for sufficient physical activity, enjoying meaningful leisure

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОТНОШЕНИЯ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ К СУИЦИДУ КАК ВИДУ ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ

Subject of the article: analysis of the peculiarities of the attitude of students to suicide as a type of deviant behavior. Object of the article: student youth of the Samara State Technical University. Purpose of the work: to study the peculiarities of the attitude of Russian students to suicide as a type of deviant behavior. Methodology of work: non-formalized analysis of documents, statistical analysis, sociological survey using a combined two-stage sample. The results of the work indicate that the dependence of the perception and evaluation of this phenomenon on the scope of its manifestation. Different types of deviations from the norm cause different reactions to them, indicating the degree of acceptability of this type of behavior for solving a person's personal problems. Young people are the least tolerant of such social deviations as drug addiction and alcoholism. The level of tolerance rises as it approaches from large to small social groups, from formal to informal. In the absence of harmonious relationships in the family, young people demonstrate a more emotional attitude towards the problem of suicide and are more focused on helping, which is partly due to changes in value orientations in society and the openness of the information space. Conclusion: the data obtained suggest that socialization plays a decisive role in the mechanism of formation of a tolerant attitude towards deviant behavior in general and suicidal behavior in particular.

Format of Musical Theatre Director's Training in Socio-Cultural Realities of Independent Ukraine

The relevance of the study lies in the need to find a solution to the problem of training music directors in Ukraine under the influence of a paradigm shift in theatrical art, which requires the harmonization of Ukrainian and European educational systems. The scientific novelty of the article is in determining the ways of professional education modernization in accordance to the rector O. Tymoshenko’s strategic vision of the ‘musical directing’ specialization development at the Tchaikovsky National Academy of Music of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the strategic directions of training a musical theatre director in the socio-cultural realities of independent Ukraine, to predict the prospects for their further transformations in the context of European integration of art and educational directing schools. Applied research methods were: culturological - to analyze the impact of socio-cultural challenges of today on changing the paradigm of theatrical art; system analysis - to determine the strategic directions of training a music director in the context of O. Tymoshenko's conceptual vision; structural and functional - to determine the model of education of a music director in the context of integrative links between specializations in the implementation of joint projects. Evolutionary changes in music directing education which are connected to European integration processes in culture and art were considered. It was found that the paradigm of theatrical art is influenced by the socio-cultural challenges of today, which have both positive and negative consequences and require modernization of professional training of music directors. It was found out that: positive results consist in exchange of achievements in the field of musical theater, growth of art skills, joint international projects, innovative searches in the context of competition-festival activity, negative - in decrease of national repertoire in comparison with foreign, partial loss of national art identity and change of value orientations from permissive-cognitive to entertaining-hedonistic, creation of art performances on show-market of consumer products. Prospects for further research related to the analysis of world directing and educational systems, creative and pedagogical work of iconic figures of musical theatre and their extrapolation to Ukrainian realities were predicted.

A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Link between Modernization, Anthropomorphism and Attitude to Wildlife

Anthropogenic pressure has significantly increased in the last decades, often enhancing conflicts at the human–wildlife interface. Therefore, understanding peoples’ value orientations, attitudes and behavioural intentions towards wildlife is a crucial endeavour to reduce the occurrence of conflicts between humans and wildlife. Previous research in the USA has shown a consistent link between modernization and increased anthropomorphism (i.e., the tendency to attribute human mental or physical characteristics to other entities), leading to positive changes in value orientations, attitudes, and behavioural intentions towards wildlife. In this paper, we aimed to address whether this link is also present in other cultures, by testing participants (N = 741) in five different countries (Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, and Spain). Our study shows that while the positive link between anthropomorphism, positive attitudes and behavioural intentions towards wildlife is universal, the link between modernization and anthropomorphism is culturally mediated. In some countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Spain), modernization increased anthropomorphism, while in others modernization predicted no differences (Brazil) or even a decrease in anthropomorphism (Mexico), ultimately deteriorating individuals’ attitude and behavioural intentions towards wildlife. These results call for caution when generalizing findings from western industrialized countries to inform conservation policies worldwide.

The Concept of Training a Doctor of Art from Music Directing

The relevance of the research is due to need to train highly qualified professionals in today's sociocultural challenges, able to generate creative ideas in the implementation of creative projects, able to respond quickly to changes in the market of theater services, to be competitive in the fleeting space. Scientific novelty - outlining the concept of formation of professional competencies of the artist in the synthesis of domestic traditions and foreign innovations, taking into account the specifics of the mental perception of works by the Ukrainian audience. Main objectives of the research is the process of preparing a doctor of art in music directing in the context of Ukraine's integration into the European educational and artistic space and to determine the specifics of the integrative educational and creative training of the doctor of art in musical directing in the context of world tendencies of musical theater development. The methodology of the research is the application of a comprehensive intersectoral approach based on the synthesis of systems analysis (the concept of modern directing in a new paradigm of musical theater) and the structural-functional method (algorithm of integrative training of doctors of art in creative graduate school). Findings and conclusion of the research is the influence of globalization and integration processes has affected the paradigm shift of musical and theatrical art in a positive sense - the information exchange of experience; professional growth of artists; application of art technologies; joint solution of urgent problems; in the negative - the dominance of foreign repertoire over domestic with the priority of foreign language content; commercialization of the theater; changes in value orientations; hedonistic orientation of interpretations of works. Factors influencing modern musical directing are the need to find means of expression for adequate perception of the Ukrainian audience of a foreign text; combining the aesthetic and value aspect with the financial and economic content of the play; inadmissibility of vulgarized interpretations of works; mastering the techniques of artistic reconstruction, authentic, modern, art-technological solution of performances; mastering the specifics of dancers, international and festival projects. The concept of training a doctor of art in music directing involves a creative rethinking of global innovative directing practices on domestic soil, taking into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian mentality, cultural traditions, and achievements of national educational and art schools with gradual integration into Europe.

Transformation of education in the perspective of secular ethics

The article analyzes the preconditions for the transformation of the higher education system to the trinity of social, emotional, and ethical learning. The author considers the formation of education system with the use of secular Buddhist ethics on the example of Emory University (Emory, USA). The article pays great attention to the speeches of Dalai Lama and the influence of Buddhist philosophy of education on the system of socio-emotional and ethical education. The theoretical analysis of the curriculum of social-emotional-ethical training presents the methodology and the methods of the study. The object of the research is the Buddhist philosophy of education. The subject of the study is SEE Learning program (social-emotional-ethical learning) as a way of reception of the Buddhist philosophy of education in the higher education system. The author considers the implementation of SEE Learning program – social-emotional-ethical learning at Emory University (Atlanta, Georgia). This program is the result of the university’s collaboration with Dalai Lama XVI and the Tibetan Exile Community. The author concludes that the change of value orientations and the decolonization of education are factors that influence the development of educational systems. Social-emotional-ethical learning can solve the problem of lack of ethical education at universities. The introduction of ethics education will enable higher education institutions to produce not only practically and theoretically competent professionals, but also individuals who are able to understand the consequences of their decisions.

WESTERN SCIENCE HUMILIATION AS A SYMPTOM OF THE WHOLE CIVILIZATION DECLINE

Some aspects of the radical change of value orientations in modern western science are considered. Influenced by leftist ideology and under the slogans of abstract justice, the leadership of European and North American institutions is trying to expand the presence of new members in the scientific and educational spheres on the quota basis, taking into account racial and gender rather than meritocratic characteristics (high-quality basic and university education level, persistence to obtain new knowledge, developed mental abilities in this area). It has been shown that the rapid legislative or illegal introduction of quotas for minorities instead of increasing their scientific level and well-being can only limit the recruiting of talented people of any gender or race into science and will result in the decline of the world science as a whole.

The image of a woman in the Kazakh worldview: philosophical and anthropological analysis

Attention to the study of the role of women and their image in philosophy is of constant interest, since this issue has both worldview and practical significance. Today, interest in studying the understanding of the image of a woman in the national tradition is acquiring special significance. In the context of constant transformation of the structure of modern society under pressure from various aspects the image of a woman, her function and role in society undergoes changes. First of all, the reasons for the change in the image of a woman are the pragmatization of human relations, a change in value orientations, the complication of the process of gender and national self-identification. The purpose of the research is to identify the specifics of understanding the image of a woman in the Kazakh traditional philosophical worldview. The methodological basis of the research was the systemic and socio-cultural approaches, which made it possible to comprehend the role of the image of a woman in the system of worldview in general and the worldview of the era of poetsimprovisers in particular. The scientific significance of the work lies in the development of the concept of the image of a woman, in the identification of its semantic aspects, philosophical foundations and connections in the worldview of the Kazakhs. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of its use in the educational process within the framework of courses on the history of philosophy, cultural studies, religious studies, in a special course on Kazakh philosophy.

Assessment of social facilitiesʼs urbun development based on the integral rating of districts (case study of 25 districts of Moscow)

Introduction. The article describes the methods and results of the sociological study carried out by the Institute of the Genplan Institute of Moscow in 2019–2020 to measure the satisfaction of the population with the level and quality of social infrastructure development (objects of commerce, public catering, household services, health care, social welfare, education, culture and leisure, sports). The relevance of research is reflected in the increasing importance of the social approach to design, due to the formation of the information society, the importance of analysing consumer behaviour of the population in terms of changes in value orientations and lifestyles, cultural attitudes as a result of economic transformations that have had a significant impact on consumer behaviour. The involvement of residents in the development of prospects for the development of residential areas improves the quality of urban documentation, as it forms targets for its implementation; taking into account requests based on the satisfaction of Moscow’s living conditions and the comfort of the urban environment. Materials and methods. In carrying out the study, methods of field survey (collection of information on territory, population, built environment, state of the property) and systematic, typological, functional and structural analysis were applied. The sociological survey of the population was carried out by means of an online questionnaire, analysis and synthesis of the results and comparison with official statistics. Results. The study was carried out in 25 districts of Moscow (Northern Administrative Okrug, North-Western Administrative Okrug and Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug): the territorial organization of social infrastructure facilities was analysed, the quality of the living environment within municipalities was assessed. A lack of facilities has been identified. The prospects for the development of social infrastructure have been determined taking into account the views of the inhabitants of the districts. Conclusions. The study provided a unique tool for identifying emerging imbalances in the development of social infrastructure, as well as effective urban planning of a cohesive urban environment, based on both normative calculations and population estimates. In order to objectively assess social development and to compile a ranking of districts according to the level of social infrastructure development, the following have been developed: index of population’s social infrastructure, index of diversity of facilities, integral index of social infrastructure development.

Формирование «образа медиатора» на основании анализа мотивов и установок к выбору профессии лиц, обучающихся и уже прошедших обучение по программам подготовки профессиональных медиаторов.

The relevance and novelty of the work lies in the fact that now more and more often one can hear "mediation" and "mediator" from the mouths of lawyers, teachers, advocates, psychologists, but few people really understand the purpose of this term and the procedure itself. The purpose of this study is to shape an “image of a mediator” based on the analysis of motives and attitudes towards the choice of profession of per-sons that study and have already finished a training program for professional mediators. The article presents the following tasks: theoretical and analytical review of literary sources, and a sociological survey. The study shows the desire to learn to understand oneself and others, as well as attitude dynamics that determine the choice of professional activity, expressed in a change in value orientations during training as a professional mediator in an appropriate professional development program. The study found that mediators themselves do not pay due attention to such an important characteristic as competence, which can significantly affect the work of a mediator and the development of mediation. The survey participants were 25 female and male persons, of which 15 were women and 10 men, 25 to 50 years old, engaged in various activities, with different social status.

ПРОБЛЕМА ВСТУПЛЕНИЯ В ЕС БАЛКАНСКИХ СТРАН И РАСШИРЕНИЯ ЕС В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЦЕННОСТНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА

The article examines a wide range of the problems associated with the boundless enlargement of the European Union which makes it possible to place the Balkans in the context of general European development. To become a member of the EU is the important goal of the post-socialist countries of the Balkans/South-Eastern Europe. Bulgaria, Romania, and the post-Yugoslavian states of Slovenia and Croatia became full members of the EU. Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Albania are still at different stages of integration into the European community. This accession is the logical completion of the processes of social, political, economic and legal transformation of the Balkan countries, in which they themselves and the European Union as a whole and its individual member states are interested for reasons of geopolitics and geoeconomics. However, the accession to Europe (or the return to Europe) of the Balkan states with their authoritarian and socialist past includes not only the reform of the economic, political and legal systems, but also a change in value orientations. While in the states of the so-called «founding fathers» of the EU a Western European corporate civic identity is being formed, in the countries of the former Eastern Europe and the Balkan region, ethnic identity remains remains largely in the mainstream of public consciousness. The author examines axiological, ideological and psychological aspects of the accession of post-socialist countries to the EU, and also analyzes specific foreign policy problems associated with this process and the role of regional international organizations in the «europeanization» of the Balkans and in the settlement of ethnic and interstate conflicts in the region that still remain acute. Negative tendencies, first of all - the strengthening of populist sentiments and the coming to power of politicians reflecting these sentiments, pose challenges and threats not only to the European Union, but also to Russia.