Dimensional Changes Research Articles

Reducing Left Ventricular Wall Stress through Aortic Valve Enlargement via Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Background: In aortic stenosis, the left ventricle exerts additional force to pump blood through the narrowed aortic valve into the downstream arterial vasculature. Adaptive hypertrophy helps to maintain wall stress homeostasis but at the expense of impaired compliance. Advanced ventricular deformation impacts the extent of functional recovery benefits achieved through transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods and Results: Subgroups were stratified based on output, with low-flow severe aortic stenosis defined as stroke volume index <35 mL· m-2. Before intervention, the low-flow subgroup exhibited worse effective orifice area index and arterial and global impedance, along with thinner wall thickness and larger chamber volume marginally. LV performance, including stroke volume index, ventricular elastance, and ventricular-arterial coupling, were notably inferior, consistent with worse adverse remodeling. Although the effective orifice area index was similarly augmented after TAVI, inferior recovery benefits were noted. Persistently higher wall stress and energy consumption were observed, along with poorer ventricular-arterial coupling. These changes in wall stress showed an inverse relationship with alterations in wall thickness and were proportional to changes in dimension and volume. Additionally, they were proportional to changes in left ventricular end-systolic pressure, pressure-volume area, and ventricular-arterial coupling but inversely related to ventricular end-systolic elastance. Conclusions: The study revealed that aortic valve enlargement through transcatheter aortic valve implantation reduces left ventricular wall stress in severe aortic stenosis. The reduced recovery benefits in the low-flow subgroup were evident. Wall stress could serve as a marker of mechanical benefit after the intervention.

Characterization of hydrophobic metasurfaces fabricated on Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys using femtosecond pulsed laser ablation

The generation of hydrophobic surfaces through laser ablation has garnered considerable attention, particularly for its prospective diverse applications across various industries. This study explores the possibility of generating controllable hydrophobic metasurfaces on Ni-Mn-Ga-based magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloys using femtosecond pulse width laser (FPWL). While hydrophobic surfaces have been achieved on different materials through a variety of different techniques, the research marks the first systematic attempt to tailor hydrophobicity on the surface of Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys. By characterizing surfaces treated with different laser parameters, the distinct morphologies and hydrophobic properties corresponding to each surface were identified. This newfound control over surface properties with specific machining parameters opens possibilities for applications in microfluidic devices. Additionally, the potential of utilizing the magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS) exhibited by Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals to alter surface hydrophobicity was explored. Metasurfaces mimicking the dimensional changes in elongation induced by MFIS demonstrated higher static contact angles (SCAs) for water droplets compared to the original surfaces. This approach presents a promising avenue for creating multifunctional microdevices with controllable hydrophobicity using Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys. Our findings not only offer insights into tailoring of hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties on Ni-Mn-Ga-based MSM alloys but also provide a novel methodology for fabricating functional metasurfaces on other metals.

Effect of Different Graft Material Consistencies in the Treatment of Minimal Bone Dehiscence: A Retrospective Pilot Study.

Among different therapeutic strategies proposed in the case of bone volume deficit, guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a consolidated surgical procedure. The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the behavior of two bone grafts with different consistencies in the GBR procedure by measuring the volumetric tissue changes 1 year after surgery. For this retrospective analysis, 25 cases of GBR with simultaneous implant insertion were selected. A total of 13 were grafted with a porcine cortico-cancellous bone mix (CCBM group), and 12 were grafted with a pre-hydrated granulated cortico-cancellous bone mix of porcine origin blended with 20% TSV gel (Collagenated-CCBM). A collagen membrane was fixed to cover the bone defect. A total of 42 implants were placed with computer-guided surgery. Preoperative and 12-month postoperative digital impressions were used to evaluate dimensional changes. Student's t-test used for independent samples showed no statistically significant differences between the integrated distance (p = 0.995) and mean distance (p = 0.734). The mean integrated distance in the CCBM group was 41.80 (SD. 101.18) compared to a mean of 42.04 (SD. 66.71) in the Collagenated-CCBM group. Given the limitations of this study, in patients with peri-implant bone dehiscence, simple heterologous and collagenated heterologous cortico-cancellous bone grafts are suitable for filling the bone defect to promote bone regeneration, although further studies are needed.

Consolidation and Dehydration Effects of Mildly Degraded Wood from Luoyang Canal No. 1 Ancient Ship

To ensure the conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood, sustainable, safe, and effective methods must be implemented, with consolidation and dehydration being crucial for long-term preservation to maintain dimensional stability and structural integrity. This study compares the permeability of 45% methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and 45% trehalose solutions to evaluate the dimensional changes, hygroscopicity, and mechanical properties of treated wood. Since the collected samples (from an ancient ship, Luoyang Canal No. 1) were mildly degraded, the drying method had a slight impact on the properties of archaeological wood. Consolidated with trehalose and MTMS agents, the longitudinal compressive strength of the waterlogged wood’s cell walls increased by 66.8% and 23.5%, respectively. Trehalose proved to be more advantageous in filling pores and reducing overall shrinkage, while MTMS significantly reduced the hygroscopicity and surface hydrophilicity of the wood substance. Overall, the MTMS treatment has a smaller effect on the appearance of samples, making it more suitable for the consolidation of mildly degraded waterlogged archaeological wood.

Experimental Study of Auxetic Structures Made of Re-Entrant ("Bow-Tie") Cells.

This article presents a study of metamaterial structures that exhibit auxetic properties. This unusual phenomenon of simultaneous orthogonal expansion of the metamaterial in tension, and vice versa in compression, with vertical and horizontal contraction, is explored for structures made of re-entrant unit cells. The geometry of such structures is analysed in detail, and the relationships are determined by the value of the Poisson's ratio. It is shown that the Poisson's ratio depends not only on the geometry of the unit cell but also on the degree of strain. Depending on the dimensions of the structure's horizontal and inclined struts, the limit values are determined for the angle between them. By creating physical structures made of re-entrant cells, it is demonstrated that the mechanism of change in the structure's dimensions is not due to the hinging but to the bending of the struts. The experimental section contains the results of compression tests of a symmetrical structure and tensile tests of a flat mesh structure. In the case of the mesh structure, a modification of the re-entrant cells was used to create arched strut joints. This modification makes it possible to obtain greater elongation of the mesh structure and larger NPR values.

Measurement corrections for temperature effects in Coriolis mass flow meters for cryogenic, liquid hydrogen (LH2) applications

To link traceable flow calibrations of Coriolis meters at ambient conditions to flow measurements in cryogenic, liquid hydrogen (LH2) applications, physical effects of very low temperatures on the calibration factor must be satisfactorily predicted by temperature correction methods. In this paper, four correction models are investigated, which differ in the sense of which temperature effects they cover and how these effects are determined. These correction models were applied to three Coriolis meter designs – straight, arc and U-tube. As a reference value in the evaluation, we use the simulation results with the finite element model that incorporates temperature effects related to elastic material properties, thermal strains and thermal stresses. The best agreement (within ± 0.2 % for the curved tubes) is achieved by the correction model that considers the known temperature dependence of the tube elastic properties as well as the dimensional changes due to thermal strain.

Study of Surface Treatments for Restoring Flexibility in Leather Conservation: Focusing on the Physical Properties of Treated Leather

In this study, to investigate the physical properties of surface treatments for restoring the flexibility in leather conservation, six surface treatments, including NYPL(New York Public Library) leather dressing, Polymerized oil, SC6000, Ester wax, Klucel G(2% w/v in ethanol) and Cellugel were selected and applied to artificially aged leather specimens and subjected to aging experiments again, and then observed by visual and microscopic observation, color changes and flexibility. As a result, Klucel G, which is used to treat Red-rot, showed the best results in terms of dimension and color change, and also showed a good effect in improving flexibility. Polymerized oil is also considered to be a suitable surface treatment that maintains flexibility in the long term, although it has a large color change.

Bispidine Based Hg(II) 1D Coordination Polymers of Helical Topology: Stability, Selective Adsorption and 1D to 2D Dimensionality Change Via SC-to-SC Transformation.

Bispidine based Hg(II) coordination polymers of helical topology CP-MeOH and CP-EtOH are almost isostructural (they mainly differ for the solvent included in their lattice and by a small % in unit cell parameters) but they differ for everything else: i) their intrinsic stability, ii) their ability to adsorb solvents upon prior evacuation, iii) their accessible structural transformations. In particular, one of the two starting materials, once evacuated, is capable to adsorb methanol from atmospheres containing binary and ternary mixtures of volatile organic compounds (MeOH, CHCl3 and EtOH) under ambient conditions (25 °C, 1 atm) and with a marked selectivity. The other one is not, but undergoes a 1D to 2D dimensionality change which can be monitored in situ by SC-XRD through a SC-to-SC process.

Changes in Microwave Ablation Zone Dimensions after Transarterial Embolization in an Ex Vivo Human Kidney Perfusion Model

PurposeTo utilize a novel ex vivo perfused human renal model and quantify microwave ablation (MWA) size differences in renal tissue when combining MWA with transarterial embolization (TAE). Materials and MethodsHuman kidneys (n = 5) declined for transplantation were obtained and connected to a fluoroscopy-compatible ex vivo perfusion system. Two ablations—1 standard MWA and 1 TAE-MWA—were performed in each kidney for 2 minutes at 100 W using a MWA system (Solero Angiodynamics). MWA alone was performed in the upper pole. In the lower pole, MWA was performed after TAE with 40–90 μm radiopaque microspheres to achieve angiographic stasis. Ablation zones of coagulative necrosis were sectioned along the long axis and segmented for maximal short-axis diameter (SAD) and long-axis diameter (LAD) measurements. ResultsA total of 10 ablations (5 MWAs and 5 TAE-MWAs) were performed in 5 human kidneys. TAE-MWA resulted in significantly increased SAD, LAD, volume, and sphericity compared with standard MWA ± SD, with mean measurements as follows (5 standard MWAs ± SD vs 5 TAE-MWAs ± SD, 2-tailed t-test): (a) SAD, 1.8 cm (SD ± 0.1) versus 2.5 cm (SD ± 0.1) (P < .001); (b) LAD, 2.9 cm (SD ± 0.3) versus 3.2 cm (SD ± 0.1) (P = .039); (c) volume, 5.0 mL (SD ± 0.5) versus 11.0 mL (SD ± 0.7) (P < .001); and (d) sphericity, 0.4 (SD ± 0.2) versus 0.6 (SD ± 0.1) (P = .049). Histology demonstrated no differences in TAE-MWA other than concentrated microspheres. ConclusionsThis ex vivo human kidney perfusion model confirmed that combined MWA-TAE significantly increased ablation size and spherical shape compared with MWA alone.

Evaluation of the Changes in Dimensions of the Footprint of Agricultural Tires under Various Exploitation Conditions

This paper presents an innovative method to determine the impact of agricultural wheels on soil. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, and the parameters of the tire footprints on the soil were analyzed. The tested parameters were the width, length, and depth of the footprint, the cross-section area of the tire, and the area of the footprint. All parameters were determined using the 3D scanning method. Two types of tires, two levels of vertical load, and three levels of inflation pressure were used. The aim of the research was to demonstrate differences in changes in the footprint parameters as a result of changes in the operational parameters of the tires. It was found the bias-ply tire was less responsive to changes in the width and length of the footprint than the radial tire. Moreover, it was shown that radial and bias-ply tires achieved similar values for the footprint area but in the case of bias-ply tires, there was a much greater footprint depth. This means that the side parts of the footprint of bias-ply tires have a more vertical profile, so they carry the vertical loads to a lesser extent.

Presurgical Reduction of the Cleft Palate: Serendipitous Benefit of the Stanford Orthodontic Airway Plate Treatment (SOAP) for Infants with Robin Sequence.

Narrowing of the palatal cleft is often observed in infants with Robin sequence (RS) treated with the Stanford Orthodontic Airway Plate treatment (SOAP) even though SOAP is utilized primarily to establish airway patency. The current study quantified dimensional changes of the cleft palate (CP) in infants with RS treated with SOAP. A retrospective chart review. Infants with RS and CP who completed SOAP and had maxillary arch models at both pre- and post-treatment time points at a single tertiary referral hospital between September 2019 and July 2023. Maxillary arch models were measured and analyzed using Bivariate statistical analysis. Seventeen infants were included in the study. The median age (min, max) was 6.7 weeks (1.1, 21.9) at pre-treatment and 26.6 weeks (18.7, 37.0) at post-treatment. The median Obstructive Apnea Hypopnea Index was 36.2 events/hour (8.1, 103.1) at pre-treatment and 4.1 events/hour (1.9, 8.6) at post-treatment. The pre-treatment width of CP decreased by an average (± standard diviation) of 6.37 mm (± 3.55, p < 0.001) at post-treatment. The ratio of the posterior cleft width to the total maxillary arch width decreased from 40% (± 9.1) at pre-treatment to 22% (± 11) at post-treatment (p < 0.001). The dimensions of CP reduced significantly during SOAP in infants with RS and CP treated for their severe upper airway obstruction. The findings highlight a potential benefit of SOAP that may contribute favorably to the palate repair surgery.

Experimental and numerical investigation of an additively manufactured sandwich composite bridge deck utilizing gyroid building blocks

This work investigates the integration of Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques with cellular metamaterials integrated into composite sandwich beam systems. The study proposes an approach that combines composite materials for the face sheets with cellular structures using a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Gyroid structure for the core to achieve maximum lightweight and load-bearing capabilities. The experimental and numerical campaigns were utilized for the material testing of 3D printing polymeric material reinforced with chopped carbon fibre (CF). To validate the composite sandwich structure, three bending experiments were conducted: (a) bending of the “core only” was performed to calibrate the material for the given print parameters; (b) bending of the “sandwich beam” composite with a periodic and homogenous Gyroid core bonded with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) face sheets; (c) the “arch beam” composite with the change in outer cross-section dimension with the same periodic and homogenous Gyroid core. The FEM analysis was combined with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) results to determine the bending stiffness of the sandwich beams and to detect the failure modes. It was discovered that integrating 3D printing into load-bearing structures through the composite “sandwich beam” system resulted in seven times increase in load-bearing capacity and four times increase in stiffness compared to results obtained with the “core only” structure.

Predictability of expansion movements performed by clear aligners in mixed dentition in both arches: a retrospective study on digital casts

Backgroundto evaluate the predictability of expansion achieved in patients in early mixed dentition treated with Clear Aligners (CA), analyzing the efficiency of the expansion at the end of the first set of aligners and at the end of the therapy in the upper and lower arch.Methods36 patients (20 F, 16 M; mean age 8.3 ± 1.5 years) were selected retrospectively from the Department of Orthodontics of the Hospital of Rome “Tor Vergata”. All subjects were treated with CA with no other auxiliaries than attachments. For each patient a standardized sequential expansion protocol was planned for both arches. Digital dental casts were created at three observation periods from an intraoral scanner: prior to treatment (T0), at the end of the first set of aligners (T1), at the end of treatment (T2). The 3D models in planned position determined by the first Clincheck (CC) were obtained for comparison with T1 and T2. Six linear transversal measurements were used to evaluate the dimensional changes and the predictability of expansion movements, comparing T1-CC and T2-CC.Resultsa statistically significant increase within the pre-treatment and the final outcomes for all the variables examined was found. In the upper arch, the greatest level of predictability was detected at the level of the first (46.44%) and second deciduous molar width (44.95%) at T1. The analysis of T2-CC changes showed a significant increase in the percentage of predictability of expansion at the level of the first permanent molars, at mesial (54.86%) and distal (58.92%) width. In the lower arch, a higher percentage of predictability than the upper arch was reported at T1-CC and T2-CC, with the greatest values at the level of second (T1-CC: 48.70%; T2-CC: 75.32%) and first deciduous molar width (T1-CC: 45.71%; T2-CC: 72.75%).ConclusionsCA can induce significant transversal increments. The predictability of expansion is variable, but it did not exceed the 50% during the first set of aligners. It was necessary to apply refinement set to achieve a good predictability for expansion of about 70%. The expansion in the lower arch was observed to be more predictable than in the upper arch.

Intraoral ultrasonography image registration for evaluation of partial edentulous ridge: A methodology and validation study

ObjectivesUltrasound (US) reveals details for diagnosing soft- and hard-tissue dimensions around teeth, implants, and the edentulous ridge, not seen in 2D radiographs. Co-registering free-hand US scans with other 3D modalities presents reliability challenges. This study first aims to develop and validate a registration method to longitudinally reproduce US images of the jawbone on a simulator. In addition, it also evaluates the degree of the anatomical match in humans between US images acquired by the proposed registration method and the commonly used freehand acquisitions in comparison to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intra-oral optical scan (IOS), used as references. MethodsA previously introduced ultrasound phantom was employed as a CBCT-US hybrid, suitable for training and technique development of US guides in edentulous ridges. After establishing feasibility in the phantom, the methodology was validated in a cohort of 24 human subjects (26 cases). Soft tissues were delineated on US and IOS, and hard tissues on US and CBCT. US accuracy and repeatability from both guided and freehand scans (non-guided) was assessed as the average distance between US and the references. ResultsGuided US images resembled the references more closely than freehand (non-guided) scans. Notably, delineation of soft and hard tissues was significantly more accurate when employing guides. In the phantom, guided scans exhibited an absolute mean deviation of 81.8 µm for gingiva and 90.4 µm for bone, whereas non-guided scans showed deviations of 150.4 µm and 177.2 µm, respectively. Similarly, in vivo, guided US outperformed non-guided US, with gingiva deviations of 125 µm and 196 µm, and bone deviations of 354 µm and 554 µm, respectively. ConclusionsBy using a registration method, guided US scans improved repeatability and accuracy of mapping hard and soft tissue of the edentulous ridge when compared to non-guided scans. Clinical relevanceThis guided US imaging method could lay the foundation for longitudinal evaluation of tissue behavior and dimensional changes with improved accuracy.

Analysis of the Boss Structure of Type Ⅳ Composite Vessel for a High-Pressure Hydrogen Tube Trailer

Currently, large-volume type IV composite vessel tube trailers garner significant attention and development within the hydrogen energy storage and transportation industry due to their cost-effectiveness and practicality. This study aims to assess the static strength and sealing performance of the boss structure in order to optimize its design. Firstly, a model of the mouth structure of type IV vessels was constructed to analyze the stress distributions in the boss and liner. Subsequently, innovative boss and liner structures were developed based on the primary mouth structure to investigate the impact of geometric dimensions through finite element analysis. This study revealed that changes in geometrical dimensions led to significant alterations in the stresses of the plastic liner in comparison to metallic bosses. Building upon these findings, the structural safety and sealing performance of the boss and liner structure were further validated through finite element analysis. The outcomes of this research can serve as a reference for guiding the structural design of bosses and aiding in the development of hydrogen storage vessels.

Multimedia Photogrammetry for Automated 3D Monitoring in Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Conservation

Abstract. This study addresses the challenges inherent in preserving archaeological waterlogged wood, which is prone to deformation and decay if not stabilized immediately after recovery. Conventional preservation methods, such as impregnation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, often result in undesirable dimensional changes. To obtain exact spatio-temporal information on the deformations during the conservation process, a photogrammetric monitoring system, utilizing a stereo camera facing from air into the liquid, attached to an automated biaxial measurement unit is proposed. Special target heads were developed and attached to the wood to provide deformation points. Refraction correction was applied to the imaging model by ray tracing, and indirect flat lighting was used to mitigate turbidity. The system observed logs from a wooden track from the first century, subject to conservation. Subject of investigation were the influence of refraction negligence and scale definition in a bundle geometry, similar to bathymetric aerial setups. Results show that refraction correction is imperative for good results. Furthermore, scale definition with highly accurately determined scale bars and inclusion of relative orientation constraints provide further accuracy improvements.

Real-time modeling of the riveting process forces for aircraft panel structures

The riveting of large panels in aircraft manufacturing requires an automatic drilling and riveting machine capable of precise and stable operation. However, the significant nonlinearity and time-varying nature of riveting process forces severely impact the control capacity and operational accuracy of these machines. So, the objective is to provide technical assurance for the precise operation of the machine and ensure high-quality riveting of the panels. Therefore, a real-time modeling method for the automatic riveting process forces on aircraft panels is proposed, which focuses on the rivet die's downward compression displacement as the core variable and accounts for the non-uniform deformation of rivets. This method assumes a constant volume for the rivet rod. It combines power-law hardening and Coulomb's friction theories to establish three sub-models for different riveting stages: the elastic stage, the plastic deformation stage, and the driven head formation stage. Further, considering the continuity of rivet's deformation, rivet rod's cross-section stress, and the driven head dimensions changes with the driven head's downward compression displacement, a novel real-time continuous dynamic load model for the full compression riveting process of a single-rivet is developed. The results indicate that the model is effective, with a maximum deviation of 7.50 % between experimental and predicted values, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability. In conclusion, this research provides a real-time, continuous description of the riveting process force, enabling automatic machines to promptly detect defects and deformations in the riveting.

Dynamic monitoring and esthetic evaluation of dimensional changes in the peri-implant soft tissue contour after the immediate implant placement and provisionalization with the modified socket-shield technique in the esthetic zone

Objective: To accurately measure the dynamic changes of peri-implant soft tissue within one year after the immediate implant placement and provisionalization with the modified socket-shield technique (MSST) in the esthetic zone, and to provide a basis for evaluating the effect of the modified socket-shield technique on the maintenance of peri-implant soft tissue. Methods: A total of 22 patients (22 implants) were prospectively included 1 year after completion of immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) within MSST in the esthetic zone from January 2022 to January 2024 at the Department of Oral Implantology in the Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The intraoral optical models of patients were obtained by an intraoral scanner system preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The standard tessellation language files of intraoral optical models at multiple time points were imported to Geomagic Studio 2013 to be superimposed and aligned for analyzing the peri-implant soft tissue contour on the labial side of the implant site at multiple levels. The amount of gingival margin recession, gingival papilla change, and thickness change of the labial side of the soft tissues at each postoperative point in time were measured at each postoperative time point, as well as evaluating the esthetic effect by the pink esthetic score (PES). Results: The patients were (40±13) years old (21-75 years), including 9 males and 13 females. No adverse events occurred in all the implants during the 12-month follow-up period. The recession level of the gingival margin of the implant site (GL) was 0.08 (0.07) mm, the recession level of the mesial papilla (ML) was 0.19 (0.25) mm, and the recession level of the distal papilla (DL) was 0.19 (0.10) mm. The average collapse thickness of the soft tissue contour on the labial side of the implant (ΔD) was (0.39±0.09) mm, mainly occurring within 2 mm of the root of the gingival margin. The height of the alveolar bone was reduced by (0.17±0.08) mm. The thickness of the labial alveolar bone at 1, 3, and 5 mm root side of the implant shoulder was reduced by (0.13±0.08), (0.12±0.10) and 0.04 (0.17) mm, respectively. The postoperative pink esthetic score was 13.00 (2.25) points at 12 months, which suggested that all implant sites achieved ideal esthetic results. Conclusions: The labial soft tissue contour at implant sites shows minimal change following immediate implant placement and provisionalization using the modified socket-shield technique for 1 year in the esthetic zone.

Shear performance and durability of adhesively bonded spruce wood-concrete composite joints: Effects of indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, mechanical load, and their coupled effect

A long-term study was conducted on double-lap spruce wood-concrete joints to investigate their shear strength and stiffness over a 12-month period. These joints were manufactured using both wet and dry processes, each incorporating two adhesive types for bonding the wood to the concrete: a brittle epoxy and a ductile polyurethane (PUR). The experimental design exposed the joints to three specific long-term environments: (1) outdoor exposure, (2) indoor conditions with applied load, and (3) outdoor conditions with applied load. The wood-concrete joints exposed to outdoor conditions were subjected to destructive shear testing at intervals of 0 (serving as the reference sample), 2, 4, 6, and 12 months, respectively. For joints subjected to both indoor and outdoor conditions with shear loading, the shear deformation of joints was monitored continuously over the 12 months before performing the destructive tests. A gradual reduction in the shear stiffness and strength of dry joints (produced using the dry bond method) exposed to outdoor conditions was observed over a 12-month period, primarily due to bond failure at the concrete-adhesive interface. The wet joints exhibited no degradation in shear stiffness and strength across long-term conditions over the same period. The bond failure observed in dry joints was predominantly associated with stresses arising from dimensional changes in the wood. No degradation was found in the cross-linking density of the adhesive or in the concrete's compressive stiffness and strength.

Increasing Vertical Dimension of a Case with Full Mouth Rehabilitation: Case Report.

Introduction: Bruxism is one of the most frequent causes for occlusal tooth wear, with the loss of tooth structure caused by mechanical wear between maxillary and mandibular tooth surfaces, case report was conducted to improve the patient oral health, and to maintain the new vertical dimension since it was lost by teeth clenching. Case description: this paper presents a 50 years old male suffering from severe bruxism, which implicated the appearance and function of the patient, he was transferred to TIU dental hospital for full mouth rehabilitation treatment. Discussion: The rehabilitation of patients with extensive occlusal wear is complex and difficult to solve, becoming thus one of the biggest challenges of dentistry, a proper planning of a prosthetic rehabilitation should not attribute the re-establishing of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) to new prostheses at the risk of the patient doesn’t adapt to a new condition of vertical dimension. Conclusion: Tooth wear causes dimensional changes in facial morphology and OVD decrease. The correct determination of occlusal vertical dimension represents a factor of success in the rehabilitation treatment. Keywords: Vertical Dimension, Rehabilitation, Full Mouth, Bruxism.