Changes In Cell Parameters Research Articles

Exploring sex-specific hematological changes and their impact on quality of life in patients with prolactinoma

ContextDespite prolactin´s (PRL) role in stimulating hematopoiesis, anemia is commonly observed in men with macroprolactinomas. However, hematological changes in men with microprolactinomas and women with prolactinomas remain unexplored, and the impact of erythropoietic alterations on quality of life (QoL) is still unclear.ObjectiveTo explore sex-related changes in red blood cell (RBC) parameters and their potential impact on QoL at initial diagnosis of prolactinoma and after normalization of PRL under dopamine agonists.DesignRetrospective, monocentric study involving 205 patients with prolactinoma (127 women, 62%). The SF-36 QoL questionnaire was administered to 57 women and 34 men.ResultsIn women, no significant changes in RBC parameters were observed at diagnosis or after PRL normalization, regardless the adenoma size. Conversely, men with microprolactinoma showed a significant increase in hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels after PRL normalization (median HCT 42.3 vs.44.0%; Hb 14.5 vs. 15.1 g/dL; both p < 0.005). Men with macroprolactinoma exhibited similar improvements (HCT 40.2 vs. 43.9%; Hb 14.0 vs. 15.1 g/dL; both p < 0.0001). In men, hypogonadism was observed in 73% of patients at baseline, and in 11% after PRL normalization. In male patients where SF-36 was administered at diagnosis and after PRL normalization, energy improvement was observed (median 50 vs. 60, p < 0.05). While changes in Hb and HCT were not significantly impacting the QoL of women and men, persistence of hypogonadism after PRL normalization, negatively impacted all the QoL scores of men.ConclusionPatients with prolactinoma show sex-dependent changes in RBC parameters. Unlike women, men exhibit decreased HCT and Hb levels irrespective of adenoma size. Of note, the failure to recover from hypogonadism significantly affected the QoL of men.

Limited Changes in Red Blood Cell Parameters After Probiotic Supplementation in Depressive Individuals: Insights from a Secondary Analysis of the PRO-DEMET Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Depression often coexists with anemia, potentially sharing common pathways, highlighting the need for treatments addressing both conditions simultaneously. This study evaluated the effect of probiotics on red blood cell (RBC) parameters in adults with depressive disorder. We hypothesized that probiotics would positively influence RBC parameters, potentially modulated by baseline inflammation or dietary intake, with improved RBC function correlating with better antidepressant outcomes. Methods: This secondary analysis of a two-arm, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial involved 116 adults with depressive disorder. Participants received a probiotic formulation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 or a placebo for 60 days. Data from 97 subjects were analyzed for RBC parameters, including hemoglobin (HGB), RBC count, hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and RBC distribution width (RDW). Results: Probiotic supplementation did not result in significant changes in RBC parameters compared to the placebo. However, probiotics may help stabilize HGB, HCT, MCH, and MCHC levels, potentially preventing fluctuations observed in the placebo group. Conclusions: While probiotics showed potential benefits for depressive symptoms, significant changes in RBC parameters were not observed. Larger studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms and clinical implications.

Sonocatalytic degradation of RB-5 dye using ZnO nanoparticles doped with transition metals

In this study, ZnO was doped and co-doped with rhodium and tungsten to assess the impact of these transition metals on the sonocatalytic degradation of reactive black 5 azo dye (RB-5). Structural analysis revealed that doping ZnO with 1% Rh and W does not alter its wurtzite hexagonal structure, although minor changes in cell parameters were observed due to differences in electronic density. Interestingly, co-doping resulted in lower degradation efficiency than single doping, with W-ZnO emerging as the most effective catalyst, achieving 100% RB-5 degradation within 60 min, likely due to a higher density of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups. Moreover, a 2k factorial design identified optimal sonocatalytic conditions for W-ZnO, including a catalyst concentration of 0.75 g/L, a power tip of 225 W, and a hydrogen peroxide volume of 27 μL. The findings highlight the potential for doped ZnO nanoparticles in advanced oxidation processes and green chemistry applications, making this method an environmentally friendly alternative for wastewater treatment.

Flexibility in noisy cell-to-cell information dynamics

The exchange of molecules allows cells to exchange information. How robust is the information to changes in cell parameters? We use a mapping between the stochastic dynamics of two cells sharing a stimulatory molecule and parameters akin to an extension of Landau's equilibrium phase transition theory. We show that different single-cell dynamics lead to the same dynamical response—a flexibility that cells can use. The companion equilibrium Landau model behaves similarly, thereby describing the dynamics of information in a broad class of models with coupled order parameters. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Aliovalent Doping of Niobium and Tantalum Pentoxide as Potential Alternative Support Material for Fuel Cell Catalysts

AbstractAs the usually used Carbon Blacks (CB) as support materials in fuel cell catalysts are thermodynamically unstable, alternative supports with high chemical stability and electrical conductivity are to be found. After the investigation of Nb and Ta‐doped SnO2 in an earlier publication, which revealed interesting conductivity properties, we expanded our portfolio of mutual doping of elements of stable oxides into the oxides of the others by reporting here on the Sn, Hf and W‐doping as guests into the base oxides Nb2O5 and Ta2O5. The changes in unit cell parameters as indicators for the doping success were investigated in the doping range of x=0–10 mol % guest fraction. From a complete solubility of the guest ions in case of Hf and W‐doping in the base oxides to a limited solubility in case of Sn‐doping, a whole spectrum of different results was obtained. Additional insight came from UV/vis spectroscopic investigations in diffuse reflectance as well as electrical conductivity measurements.

The Influence of Clomazone-Based Herbicide Formulation on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) – A Laboratory Study Including Pathophysiological and Histopathological Assessment

Abstract Herbicides are widely applied in agriculture, which results in the pollution of ecosystems, including inland waters. Herbicides present in water may cause pathological changes in fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a clomazone-based herbicide formulation, Command 480 EC, on the haematological and blood biochemical parameters of common carp as well as the microstructure of selected organs: gills, liver and trunk kidney. The fish were exposed to Command 480 EC at a concentration corresponding to 1 or 5 mg/l of clomazone (groups COM1 and COM2, respectively) for 10 days. The conducted analyses showed that the treatment caused numerous changes in red blood cell parameters, no significant changes in WBC count (in comparison to the control), and only a few transient changes in the leukogram. The only significant change in the biochemical parameters in comparison to the control was a decrease in the triglyceride concentration in fish observed after 3 days (group COM1) and 10 days (group COM2) of exposure to this herbicide. No considerable histopathological alterations were observed. The results of the present study suggest that exposure to the applied clomazone-based formulation can cause pathophysiological changes in common carp. It was also observed that blood parameters (especially haematological ones) are more sensitive markers of exposure to Command than the microstructure of the tested organs.

Evaluation of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus using standard deviation of lymphocyte volume combined with red blood cell count and lymphocyte percentage

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) commonly damages the blood system and often manifests as blood cell abnormalities. The performance of biomarkers for predicting SLE activity still requires further improvement. This study aimed to analyze blood cell parameters to identify key indicators for a SLE activity prediction model. Clinical data of 138 patients with SLE (high activity, n = 40; moderate activity, n = 44; mild activity, n = 37; low activity, n = 17) and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively analyzed. Data from 89 paired admission–discharge patients with SLE were collected. Differences and associations between blood cell parameters and disease indicators, as well as the relationship between the these parameters and organ damage, were examined. Machine-learning methods were employed to develop a prediction model for disease activity evaluation. Most blood cell parameters (22/26, 84.62%) differed significantly between patients with SLE and HCs. Analysis of 89 paired patients with SLE revealed significant changes in most blood cell parameters at discharge. The standard deviation of lymphocyte volume (SD-V-LY), red blood cell (RBC) count, lymphocyte percentage (LY%), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit(HCT), and neutrophil percentage(NE%) correlated with disease activity. By employing machine learning, an optimal model was established to predict active SLE using SD-V-LY, RBC count, and LY% (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.908, sensitivity = 0.811). External validation indicated impressive performance (AUC = 0.940, sensitivity = 0.833). Correlation analysis revealed that SD-V-LY was positively correlated with ESR, IgG, IgA, and IgM but was negatively correlated with C3 and C4. The RBC count was linked to renal and hematopoietic system impairments, whereas LY% was associated with joint/muscle involvement. In conclusion, SD-V-LY is associated with SLE disease activity. SD-V-LY combined with RBC count and LY% contributes to a prediction model, which can be utilized as an effective tool for assessing SLE activity.

Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss During Uneventful Cataract Surgery in Hispanics Versus Non-Hispanics.

Limited information exists on the possible effects of ethnicity on corneal endothelial cell parameters and their changes during cataract surgery. Thus, we evaluated corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and endothelial cell loss (ECL) during surgery for senile cataract in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adults. This retrospective study included 312 eyes of 227 patients ≥50 years who underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation for senile cataract. Preoperatively and 1 to 2 months after surgery, specular microscopy was performed to measure ECD, coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonal cell percentage (HEX). Regression analysis was used to compare baseline values as well as surgery-related changes in corneal endothelial cell parameters between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients considering demographics, biometric parameters, and intraoperative cumulative dissipated energy (CDE). There were 109 Hispanics and 118 non-Hispanics. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was significantly lower in Hispanics (3.12±0.36 mm) compared with non-Hispanics (3.25±0.37 mm, P =0.009). There were no significant differences in baseline ECD between Hispanics (2,547±365 cells/mm 2 ) and non-Hispanics (2,483±380 cells/mm 2 , P =0.17). There were also no significant differences in ECL (16.8%±17.0% vs. 17.4%±18.1%, P =0.46), increase in CV (3.8%±20.7% vs. 1.5%±21.6%, P =0.51), and decrease in HEX (-2.7%±8.5% vs. -1.8%±7.0%, P =0.33) between these two groups. Regression analysis showed that ECL was associated with a shallower ACD ( P =0.003), a higher CDE ( P <0.001), but not with ethnicity ( P =0.46). There are no significant differences in ECD and ECL between Hispanics and non-Hispanics undergoing cataract surgery. Although Hispanics have a shallower ACD, the ethnic difference seems to be clinically insignificant.

Studies on highly stable Na7Fe3(P2O7)4 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and migration behavior of lithium ions

Studies on highly stable Na7Fe3(P2O7)4 as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and migration behavior of lithium ions

Characterization of rear-side potential-induced degradation in bifacial p-PERC solar modules

Characterization of rear-side potential-induced degradation in bifacial p-PERC solar modules

Investigating Cathode Dynamics in Realistic Desalination Reactors Using Operando High-Energy Synchrotron X-Ray Microscopy

Four billion people suffer from lack of clean water at least one month of the year.[1] This critical water shortage applies not only to the supply of potable water, but also to water for use in industrial, agricultural, and energy applications. While water resources like seawater are abundant, hardly any water resource is clean enough for direct use. Desalination provides a methodology to render unusable waters from such water resources fit for use. An innovative and particularly energy-efficient electrochemistry-based approach is the Desalination Battery (DB), which stores the energy input during desalination in chemical bonds between ions and faradaic electrode, allowing for its recovery during the salination process. DBs are at the forefront of the water-energy nexus[2]. While they are promising for seawater desalination (e.g., for seawater to brackish water conversion), practical implementation and their full potential still need to be unlocked. To this end, foundational understanding of the atomic- to electrode-scale physics/chemistry underlying functionality and degradation must be unraveled.Towards this end, we utilized our unique flow-by reactor setup to combine electrochemistry, conductivity, and temperature measurements with high-energy (75 keV) operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) microscopy. Our investigation encompasses both the atomic and electrode levels, using a 3-electrodes setup with LiMn2O4 and Na0.44MnO2 as electrode active materials. As such, we were able to simulate a realistic electrode environment for operando measurements, as well as observe spatially resolved structural changes by scanning the beam across the electrodes surface. These phenomena are manifested through changes in unit cell parameters and the emergence of new phases during desalination cycles. Specifically, we tracked the changes in XRD patterns over the course of several desalination cycles in LiCl and NaCl solutions, as well as synthetic seawater and mixed solutions of LiCl/MgCl2. We were able to observe high selectivity of LiMn2O4 towards Li+, even in the highly concentrated synthetic seawater solutions, and could not observe the emergence of a new Mg+ rich phase down to potentials of 0 V vs. AgCl. Na0.44MnO2 exhibited good cycling behavior in synthetic seawater akin to pure NaCl solutions, and apart from the Na+ rich phase showed no signs of additional new phases, suggesting a highly selective nature towards Na+. Furthermore, we compared constant current and constant potential protocols and observed distinct differences in peak shift behavior. Ongoing analysis of the unit cell parameters and atomic positions allows us to allocate specific intercalation sites to specific potentials, providing foundational insight into the chemistry and physics underlying the selectivity of these materials.Literature:[1] M. M. Mekonnen, et al., Sci Adv 2016, 2, e1500323.[2] Q. Li, et al., Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020, 7, 2002213.

Change in Tacrolimus Concentration Measured in Whole Blood Correlates With Changes in Red Blood Cell Parameters After Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Change in Tacrolimus Concentration Measured in Whole Blood Correlates With Changes in Red Blood Cell Parameters After Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Kidney Transplant Recipients

High Capacity and Fast Kinetics Enabled by Metal-Doping in Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have gained tremendous attention as promising low-cost electrochemically-tunable electrode materials, which can accommodate large Na+ ions with attractive specific capacity and charge-discharge kinetics. However, poor cycling stability caused by lattice strain and volume change remains to be improved. Herein, metal-doping strategy has been demonstrated in FeNiHCF, Na1.40Fe0.90Ni0.10[Fe(CN)6]0.85 ⋅ 1.3H2O, delivering a capacity as high as 148 mAh g-1 at 10 mA g-1. At an exceptionally high rate of 25.6 A g-1, a reversible capacity of ~55 mAh g-1 still can be obtained with a very small capacity decay rate of 0.02 % per cycle for 1000 cycles, considered one of the best among all metal-doped PBAs. This exhibits the stabilizing effect of Ni doping which enhances structural stability and long-term cyclability. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals an extremely small (~1 %) change in unit cell parameters. The Ni substitution is found to increase the electronic conductivity and redox activity, especially at the low-spin (LS) Fe center due to inductive effect. This larger capacity contribution from LS Fe2+C6/Fe3+C6 redox couple is responsible for stable high-rate capability of FeNiHCF. The insight gained in this work may pave the way for the design of other high-performance electrode materials for sustainable sodium-ion batteries.

Breathing Behavior and Superprotonic Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks Tuned with Alkoxy Groups.

Flexible metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) exhibit reversible structural transitions ("breathing" behaviors), which can regulate the proton transport passageway effectively. This property offers remarkable advantages for improving the proton conductivity. Our objective of this work is to design a single-variable flexibility synergistic strategy for the fabrication of FMOFs with high conductivity. Herein, four two-dimensional FMOFs, {[Co(4-bpdb)(R-ip)]·xsolvents}n (x = rich, 1-4), have been successfully designed and assembled (4-bpdb = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene and R-ip = MeO/EtO/n-PrO/n-BuO-isophthalate). Upon the release and/or absorption of different solvent molecules, they display reversible breathing behaviors, thereby resulting in the formation of the partial and complete solvent-free compounds {[Co(4-bpdb)(R-ip)]·ysolvents}n (y = free or poor, 1A-4A). This breathing behavior involves the synergistic self-adaption of the dynamic torsion of alkoxy groups and reversible structural transformation, leading to remarkable changes in cell parameters and void space, as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, and N2 and CO2 adsorption analyses. At 363 K and 98% relative humidity, 2A exhibits the best proton conductivity among the FMOFs. Its conductivity reaches 4.08 × 10-2 S cm-1 and is one of the highest conductivities shown by reported unmodified MOF-based proton conductors.

Diagnostic value of whole blood cell parameters logistic regression model for radiation injury on radiation workers

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of whole blood cell parameters logistic regression model for radiation injury on radiation workers by comparing the differences of whole blood cell parameters between occupational radiation injury population and occupational health examination population. Methods: In February 2023, 184 radiation workers who received occupational health examinations in our hospital and occurrenced chromosome aberration from July 2021 to July 2022 were retrospectively selected as the radiation injury group. And other 184 radiation workers encountered in the same period without chromosome aberration occurrence were selected as the control group. Collected whole blood cell parameters from two groups of research subjects, conducted comparative analysis, constructed a logistic regression model, and evaluated the diagnostic value of the logistic regression model for radiation injury on radiation workers by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) . In addition, with the same standard, 60 radiation workers with chromosome aberration and 60 radiation workers without chromosome aberration from August 2022 to January 2023 were included in the validation queue to validate the logistic regression model. Results: Neu_X, Neu_Y, Neu_Z, Lym_X, Lym_Y, Lym_Z, Mon_X, Mon_Y, Mon_Z, Micro, MCHC in the radiation injury group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . And MCV and Macro in the radiation injury group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Moreover, logistic regression analysis showed that Lym_X, Lym_Y, Lym_Z, MCHC, Micro were all independent risk factors for diagnosing radiation injury on radiation workers (OR=1.08、1.02、0.99、1.06、51.32, P<0.05) . ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the logistic regression model based by Lym_X, Lym_Y, Lym_Z, MCHC and Micro in diagnosing radiation injury on radiation workers were 0.80, 85.9%, 65.8% and 75.9% respectively. The validation queue verified the logistic regression model and the AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the logistic regression model were 0.80, 81.7%, 71.7% and 76.7% respectively, the model fitted well. Conclusion: Radiation damage can cause changes in multiple whole blood cell parameters of radiation workers. The logistic regression model based by Lym_X, Lym_Y, Lym_Z, MCHC and Micro showed good diagnosis ability and can be used for the screening of radiation injury on radiation workers.

Pathogenesis and therapy of anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Background. Anemia represents one of the most frequent complications in inflammatory bowel disease and severely impairs the quality of life of affected patients. The etiology of anemia in inflammatory bowel disease patients can be multifactorial, often involving a combination of iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease. The choice of therapy, focused on the leading cause of anemia, allows for individualized therapy, minimizing the risk of side effects and the cost of therapy.Aim. A comparative analysis of blood parameters before and after treatment was performed.Materials and methods. For 5 years, 47 patients (15 women, 32 men) with inflammatory bowel disease with a median age of 48 years (from 28 to 65 years) were studied. Two groups were formed: patients with iron deficiency anemia and patients with anemia of chronic disease. Patients with combination of iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease D (n = 21) were not included. A division was also made according to the type of treatment performed.Results. In the iron deficiency anemia group, a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin level was revealed as a result of the use of intravenous iron. During therapy with oral iron and B vitamin therapy, as well as therapy aimed only at correcting gastrointestinal tract pathology, no reliable dynamics of the studied parameters was observed. In the anemia of chronic disease group, there were no significant changes in red blood cell parameters with any of the treatment options (p &gt;0.05).Conclusion. The effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches to correct anemia is controversial. Further follow-up and an increase in the sample size are needed, which will help individualize therapy and improve the patients’ quality of life.

Changes in red blood cell parameters during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations.

During physical exercise, the level of hematological parameters change depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and the individual's physical fitness. Research results, based on samples taken before and after exercise, suggest that hematological parameters increase during incremental exercise. However, there is no data confirming this beyond any doubt. This study examined how red blood cell (RBC) parameters change during the same standard physical exertion in athletes representing different physiological training profiles determined by sport discipline. The study included 39 highly trained male members of national teams: 13 futsal players, 12 sprinters, and 14 triathletes. We used multiple blood sampling to determine RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) before, during (every 3 min), and after (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) an incremental treadmill exercise test until exhaustion. There were no significant exercise-induced differences in RBC parameters between athletic groups. No significant changes were recorded in RBC parameters during the low-intensity phase of exercise. RBC, Hb, and Hct increased significantly during incremental physical exercise, and rapidly returned to resting values upon test termination. The general pattern of exercise-induced changes in RBC parameters is universal regardless of the athlete's physiological profile. The changes in RBC parameters are proportional to the intensity of exercise during the progressive test. The increase in hemoglobin concentration associated with the intensity of exercise is most likely an adaptation to the greater demand of tissues, mainly skeletal muscles, for oxygen.

Study on the Stability of Hydrogen-Bonded Energetic Material 3-Nitropyrazole under High Pressure

The stability of hydrogen-bonded energetic material 3-nitropyrazole (3-NP, C3H3N3O2) under high pressure was studied using a diamond anvil cell, Raman spectrometer, and simulation calculation. Under the hydrostatic experimental pressure and simulated pressure of 10 GPa, the optical Raman spectra, the change of cell parameters, and the Hirshfeld surface energy of 3-NP were obtained respectively. The analysis of the measured Raman spectra shows that the structure is still in original phase at 10 GPa pressure. The effects of pressure on cell parameters, molecular arrangement, and hydrogen bonding were observed by simulation calculation. Systematic analysis of the subtle structural changes, anisotropic characteristics, and various interactions of 3-NP shows that the stability of 3-NP is related to the special trimer structure.

RF magnetron sputtering of [formula omitted] thin films: Analysis of thermal annealing induced tuning of structural, optical characteristics, and energy band alignments

RF magnetron sputtering of [formula omitted] thin films: Analysis of thermal annealing induced tuning of structural, optical characteristics, and energy band alignments

Temporal Changes in CSF Cell Parameters After SAH: Comparison of Ventricular and Spinal Drain Samples

BackgroundForty percent of patients with aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) develop acute hydrocephalus requiring treatment with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. CSF cell parameters are used in the diagnosis of nosocomial infections but also reflect sterile inflammation after aSAH. We aimed to study the temporal changes in CSF parameters and compare external ventricular drain (EVD)–derived and lumbar spinal drain–derived samples.MethodsWe retrospectively identified consecutive patients with aSAH treated at our neurointensive care unit between January 2014 and May 2019. We mapped the temporal changes in CSF leucocyte count, erythrocyte count, cell ratio, and cell index during the first 19 days after aSAH separately for EVD-derived and spinal drain–derived samples. We compared the sample sources using a linear mixed model, controlling for repeated sampling.ResultsWe included 1360 CSF samples from 197 patients in the analyses. In EVD-derived samples, the CSF leucocyte count peaked at days 4–5 after aSAH, reaching a median of 225 × 106 (interquartile range [IQR] 64–618 × 106). The cell ratio and index peaked at 8–9 days (0.90% [IQR 0.35–1.98%] and 2.71 [IQR 1.25–6.73], respectively). In spinal drain–derived samples, the leucocyte count peaked at days 6–7, reaching a median of 238 × 106 (IQR 60–396 × 106). The cell ratio and index peaked at 14–15 days (4.12% [IQR 0.63–10.61%]) and 12–13 days after aSAH (8.84 [IQR 3.73–18.84]), respectively. Compared to EVD-derived samples, the leucocyte count was significantly higher in spinal drain–derived samples at days 6–17, and the cell ratio as well as the cell index was significantly higher in spinal drain–derived samples compared to EVD samples at days 10–15.ConclusionsCSF cell parameters undergo dynamic temporal changes after aSAH. CSF samples from different CSF compartments are not comparable.