Changes In Body Fat Research Articles

Longitudinal changes in body fat and metabolic complications in young people with perinatally acquired HIV.

The role of body fat on metabolic complications remains poorly understood in young people living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV). Our objective was to assess the association of changes in adiposity over 2 years with metabolic outcomes in YPHIV. The PHACS Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP) study enrolled YPHIV from 2007 to 2009 across 15 US sites, including Puerto Rico. We included YPHIV aged 7-19 years with body composition data assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and 2 years later. Metabolic outcomes included homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). We fitted linear regression models to assess the association of increase in body fat over 2 years with metabolic outcomes at years 2 and 3. In all, 232 participants had a second DXA and either HOMA-IR or non-HDL-C measured at year 2. Participant characteristics at the first DXA were: age 12 years (9-14) [median (Q1-Q3)], 69% Black, and median CD4 count 714 cells/μL; 70% with HIV RNA <400 copies/mL. In adjusted analyses for every 1% increase in body fat from baseline to year 2, HOMA-IR was higher by 1.03-fold at year 3 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.05). We observed that for every 1% increase in body fat from baseline to year 2, non-HDL-C was 0.72 mg/dL higher at year 2 (95% CI: -0.04-1.49) and 0.81 mg/dL higher at year 3 (95% CI: -0.05-1.66). Increases in adiposity over time may lead to downstream decreased insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia in YPHIV.

Twenty-Four Percent of Wildland Firefighters Reach Critical Levels of Serum Creatine Kinase During 80-Hour Critical Training.

Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) must undergo a 2-wk critical training (CT) period prior to deployment to the field. This stress may result in clinical risks, including severe muscle damage and rhabdomyolysis. We aimed to document the effects of WLFFs' CT on physiologic markers of muscle damage and soreness. Two interagency hotshot crews (n=25) were followed during spring 2022 for 80 h of training. Activity counts as well as records of upper-body (US) and lower-body (LS) muscle soreness were collected daily. Body weight (BW) and skinfold measurements were recorded on Day 1 (D1) and D11 to estimate body fat (BF) and lean body weight (LBW). Blood was collected on D1 and D11 to measure muscle and liver damage markers. Critical training resulted in significant elevations in creatine kinase (CK) (216.9±57.4 U/L vs 5166.4±1927.8 U/L, P=0.017) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (175.5±4.0 IU/L vs 340.0±42.6 IU/L, P=0.001) despite no significant changes in BW, BF, LBW, cortisol, or testosterone. Main effects of time were seen in US and LS, peaking on D11 (US: 5.2±0.4 cm, P<0.001; LS: 5.5±0.4 cm, P<0.001). Those who spent the most minutes with activity counts of >1500 counts/min showed the greatest increase in CK and LDH. These data suggest that WLFFs undergo significant physiologic stressors, resulting in muscle soreness and damage during CT, with 6 of the 25 subjects reaching critical levels of serum CK. It appears that much of the muscle damage and soreness occurred because of unaccustomed WLFF job-specific tasks.

Short-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and return to sport on neuromuscular performance, body composition, and mental health — A case series of well-trained young kayakers

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the short-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and return to sport (RTS) on neuromuscular performance, body composition, and mental health in well-trained young kayakers. Methods17 vaccinated kayakers (8 male, 9 female) underwent body composition assessment, peak power output bench press (BP), and 40-s maximum repetition BP tests 23.9 ± 1.6 days before and 22.5 ± 1.6 days after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. A linear transducer was used to examine the BP performance. The perception of training load and mental health were quantified with Borg's CR-10 scale and the Hooper questionnaire before and after infection. The difference and relationship of variables were used Wilcoxon test, Student t-test, Pearson's, and Spearman's r correlation coefficients. ResultsThere was a significant increase in body mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass, but no significant changes in body fat, fat mass, and all BP performance after infection (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in training hours per week, session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), internal training load (sRPE-TL), fatigue, muscle soreness levels, and Hooper index, but no changes in sleep quality and stress levels after infection (p < 0.05). The training and mental health during the RTS period was significantly correlated (r = −0.85 to 0.70) with physical performance after infection. ConclusionA SARS-CoV-2 infection did not appear to impair the upper-body neuromuscular performance and mental health of vaccinated well-trained young kayakers after a short-term RTS period. These findings can assist coaches, and medical and club staff when guiding RTS strategies after other acute infections or similar restrictions.

Which Anthropometric Index Is Most Strongly Correlated with Percent Body Fat Changes in Older Adults with Obesity?

Which Anthropometric Index Is Most Strongly Correlated with Percent Body Fat Changes in Older Adults with Obesity?

Bi-weekly Glycated Albumin Measurement was Useful to Encourage Behavioral Changes in People with Type2 Diabetes Mellitus.

HemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), representing the average blood glucose over 1-2months, is the most commonly used glycemic marker in people with diabetes. Glycated albumin (GA) reflects the average blood glucose over the most recent 1-2weeks. We considered whether the faster response of GA compared with HbA1c could make people with diabetes realize their glycemic control intuitively and effectively. We randomized 61 people with diabetes into the control and intervention groups. Blood samples were collected from both every fortnight over an 8-week period (five times; visit1-5). Only the intervention group was notified of the GA levels on the same day. At the beginning and end of the study, International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessments, and body composition measurements were conducted. The body weight change was significantly lower in the intervention group at visit2 and visit5. The percent body fat change was lower, while the percent skeletal muscle mass change at visit5 was higher in the intervention group. Increasing GA trend was observed in the control group, but not in the intervention group. The fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c changes at visit5 were similar in the two groups. Physical activity level change tended to be higher in the intervention group. The YN Eating Behavior Questionnaire score changes were similar in the two groups. Bi-weekly GA measurement over an 8-week period in people with type2 diabetes induced behavioral changes. Development of this method is expected to improve diabetes management. UMIN000037795.

Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on Healthcare and Quality of Life of Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Hypertension

Hypertension, as a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, is endangering human life and health. To address this issue, this article conducted a study on the impact of Tai Chi exercise on middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients. The study selected a certain number of middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients for comparative experiments to observe the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, body fat, and other indicators after Tai Chi exercise; evaluate the impact of Tai Chi on the quality of life of hypertensive patients; and reveal the mechanism of Tai Chi in preventing and treating hypertension. The research results indicate that through Tai Chi exercise, patients' systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure difference all show a significant decrease. At the same time, Taijiquan can intensify fat burning and consumption in the body, reduce fat content, improve body mass index and body fat rate, and also improve the central neuromodulation function of the elderly.

Effect of Lactobacillus sakei OK67 in Reducing Body and Visceral Fat in Lifestyle-Modified Overweight Individuals: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Obesity is a global health problem that affects the quality of life. It is a multidimensional chronic risk factor for major medical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. This clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of Lactobacillus sakei OK67 (DW2010), a lactic acid bacterium, in reducing body and visceral fat in overweight individuals (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2), aged 20-60 years. A total of 100 subjects placed in a lifestyle modification program were randomly assigned to receive either DW2010 (2.0 g/day, 1.0 × 1010 CFU) or a placebo for 12 weeks. The efficacy of DW2010 was evaluated by measuring body fat mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and visceral fat area using computed tomography. After 12 weeks, the change in body fat in the DW2010 group was not markedly different from that in the placebo group. However, visceral fat area decreased more in the DW2010 group than in the placebo group (p = 0.035). During the clinical trial, no major adverse events were reported. Moreover, no statistical differences were observed in the biochemical parameters of the DW2010 and placebo groups. Overall, we concluded that the intake of DW2010 for 12 weeks is safe and potentially reduces visceral fat in lifestyle-modified overweight subjects.

PERFORMANCE AND TRAINING PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS IN ELITE YUNIOR FEMALE ROLLER SKIER FROM 2021 SEASON: A CASE REPORT

The purpose was to evaluate the training program, body mass composition, aerobic performance laboratory and field test results, blood hormone concentration in elite junior female roller skier in successful competition season. Methods. Totally 206 training sessions (278 training hours) were analysed during six months (from April till September). Athlete wight and body fat changes were monitored, laboratory tests on a treadmill and field tests were performed and concentration of hormones in the blood was detected. Results. A polarised training intensity distribution was observed. The highest volume of training workloads (70 training hours per month) was achieved in the last month before start of World cup season, this change corelated with change in blood testosterone levels. Heart rate decreased by 7.51% at the anaerobic threshold load intensity and by 10.1% at lower intensity loads. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 49 ml/kg/min was reached in laboratory test. Increase of lean body mass by 2.4 kg was observed. The progress in 3000m running race time was detected from 14:30 minutes in the beginning of April to 13:16 minutes in June. Conclusion. VO2max in junior elite female roller skier is low in comparison with cross-country skiers, but the training workload intensity and volume are comparable with skiers. This research shows insight in top junior level female roller-skiers physiology and training, but specific values determining the success of this athlete are still to be determined if compared to traditional cross-country skier.

Effects of Changes in Body Fat Mass as a Result of Regular Exercise on Hemoglobin A1c in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.

An increase in visceral fat is associated with an increase in insulin resistance, so reducing body fat mass through exercise may help alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current meta-analysis evaluated the effect of changes in body fat via an intervention of regular exercise on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with T2DM. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials involving adults with T2DM, intervention involving exercise alone, an overall duration of intervention ≥12weeks, and reporting HbA1c and body fat mass. The mean differences (MDs) were defined as the MD between the exercise group and the control group, and the MDs in HbA1c (in percentage) and body fat mass (in kilograms) were calculated. All MDs in HbA1c were pooled as overall effects. A meta-regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the MD in the body fat mass (in kilograms) and the MD in HbA1c. Twenty studies (1,134 subjects) were analyzed. The pooled MD in HbA1c (in percentage) decreased significantly (-0.4; 95% confidence interval [-0.5, -0.3]) but contained significant heterogeneity (Q = 52.7, p < .01; I2 = 41.6%). A meta-regression analysis showed that a decrease in the MD in body fat mass was significantly associated with a decrease in the MD in HbA1c (R2 = 80.0%) and heterogeneity decreased (Q = 27.3, p = .61; I2 = 11.9%), and a reduction in body fat mass of 1kg was estimated to decrease the HbA1c (%) by approximately 0.2. The current study suggested that a decrease in HbA1c due to regular exercise depends on a reduction in body fat mass in patients with T2DM.

P14-018-23 Longitudinal Changes in Body Weight, Body Fat, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Following a Health Screening Among Obese and Non-Obese Male Firefighters

P14-018-23 Longitudinal Changes in Body Weight, Body Fat, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Following a Health Screening Among Obese and Non-Obese Male Firefighters

Effects of sturgeon fillet intake on top-ranked Japanese female long-distance runners.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether consumption of sturgeon fillets reduces the oxidative stress marker urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in top-ranked Japanese female long-distance runners. In a before-and-after study, nine professional long-distance female athletes ate 100 g/day of sturgeon fillets for 2 weeks. Urinalysis (8OHdG, an oxidative stress marker, and creatinine), blood tests (fatty acids and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD]), exercise intensity, subjective fatigue, muscle elasticity, muscle mass, body fat mass, and nutritional intake using image-based dietary assessment (IBDA) were compared before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. Consumption of sturgeon fillets suppressed 8OHdG (p < 0.05) in the increased exercise intensity female athletes. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and 25OHD levels in blood increased from before to immediately after and 1 month after the intervention (p < 0.05). IBDA showed that intake of n-3 fatty acid increased after and one month after the intervention, whereas DHA, imidazole dipeptide and vitamin D intake increased after the intervention (p < 0.05) and then decreased after 1 month (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in subjective fatigue, muscle elasticity, muscle mass, and body fat. The results suggest that eating sturgeon fillets during intense training may increase blood levels of EPA, DHA, and 25OHD, which may suppress urinary oxidative stress (8OHdG) in top-ranked Japanese long-distance runners.

Predictors of longitudinal changes in body weight, muscle and fat in patients with and ever-smokers at risk of COPD.

Weight and muscle loss are predictors of poor outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the predictors of longitudinal weight loss or its composition from functional and morphological perspectives. This longitudinal observational study with a median follow-up period of 5 years (range: 3.0-5.8 years) included patients with COPD and ever-smokers at risk of COPD. Using chest computed tomography (CT) images, airway and emphysematous lesions were assessed as the square root of the wall area of a hypothetical airway with an internal perimeter of 10 mm (√Aaw at Pi10) and the percentage of low attenuation volume (LAV%). Muscle mass was estimated using cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the pectoralis and erector spinae muscles, and fat mass was estimated using the subcutaneous fat thickness at the level of the 8th rib measured using chest CT images. Statistical analyses were performed using the linear mixed-effects models. In total, 114 patients were enrolled. Their body mass index remained stable during the study period while body weight and muscle CSA decreased over time and the subcutaneous fat thickness increased. Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s and peak expiratory flow (PEF) at baseline predicted the future decline in muscle CSA. Severe airflow limitation predicted future muscle wasting in patients with COPD and ever-smokers at risk of COPD. Airflow limitation with a PEF slightly below 90% of the predicted value may require intervention to prevent future muscle loss.

The Effect of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Food Intake, Anthropometric Indices, and Metabolic Markers among Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background and objectives: Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) is a monthlong practice in which Muslims fast during the whole day from sunrise to sunset. During this month, fasting people change their dietary behavior and alter their eating hours from day to night. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of RIF on dietary consumption, anthropometric indices, and metabolic markers in healthy premenopausal (PRE-M) and postmenopausal (POST-M) Saudi women. Materials and Methods: The study included 62 women (31 PRE-M, 21-42 years, and 31 POST-M, 43-68 years). A structured questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic data. Physical activity, anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical assessments were assessed before and at the end of the third week of Ramadan. Results: Socioeconomic data varied among participants. For both groups, observing RIF was associated with significantly (at either p ≤ 0.01 or p ≤ 0.05) lower intake of calories, macronutrients, minerals (excluding Na), and vitamins than before RIF. For the PRE-M group, the percentage of overweight participants decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) during Ramadan, while the percentage of obese participants remained unchanged. In contrast, for the POST-M group, the percentage of overweight participants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) during Ramadan, but dropped at the end of Ramadan. Following RIF, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat, and fat mass (FM) decreased in both groups. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were generally maintained at acceptable normal levels in most participants before and at the end of RIF. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at the end of RIF was significantly lower than before, particularly in POST-M women. Age, occupation, and monthly income were the most important predictors for the changes in nutritional status and body fat upon RIF. Conclusions: observing RIF by PRE-M and POST-M Saudi women was associated with significant improvements in variable health indicators, with a few exceptions, and may help lower risk factors for chronic diseases, particularly among POST-M women. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required to determine and confirm the exact effect of RIF on these groups.

Сorrelation between somatotypes and body fat changes in patients with liver cirrhosis

Objective. To evaluate the nature of changes in body fat composition in cirrhotic patients of various somatotypes.Materials and methods. The data of 46 cirrhotic patients and 20 volunteers were analyzed. Anthropometric examination was carried out according to methodological requirements with assessing the body composition of patients by means of bioimpedance analysis using ABC-01 Medass system (NTC Medass, Russia). Somatotypes were determined according to the Heath–Carter method. Ranks for the somatotype scale were assigned as endomorphy scores increased. Spearman rank correlation was used to identify the relationships between the variables. Differences between continuous variables were determined using the Mann–Whitney test. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc., USA).Results. Child–Pugh scores for men and women were 9 (7.3–11.8) and 7 (6–9), respectively. Body fat percentage (BFP) of cirrhotic patients accounted for 27.7% (23.3–33) in men and 41.2% (33.6–46.3) in women. In healthy volunteers, the BFP was 21.9% (13.9–26.3) in men and 32.7% (29.3–41.6) in women. Assessment of the relationships between liver cirrhosis severity and body fat was characterized by a correlation coefficient of r = -0.47528 (p-value &lt; 0.001). A significant negative correlation was determined between the liver cirrhosis severity according to Child–Pugh scores and somatotypes (r = -0.30536, p = 0.03905).Conclusion. The results of this study emphasize the correlation between somatotypes and changes in BFP in patients with liver cirrhosis of various degrees of severity. The sum of Child–Pugh scores and endomorphic indicators demonstrated the inverse relationship, which must be taken into account when developing mathematical models of the personalized prognosis of liver cirrhosis.

EPS5.06 Changes in body mass index, energy, fat and sodium intake with triple CFTR modulator therapy preliminary analysis

Objectives: Excess nutritional losses means that a high-energy, fat and salt diet has been recommended for people with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is unknown whether nutritional intake is shifting in response to recent increases in body mass index (BMI) and reduced sweat chloride, following triple CFTR modulator therapy. We assessed changes in BMI, energy, fat and sodium intake with triple therapy.

Sarcopenia and body fat change as risk factors for radiologic incisional hernia following robotic nephrectomy

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of body muscle and fat metrics on the development of radiologic incisional hernia (IH) following robotic nephrectomy.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent robotic nephrectomy for kidney tumors between 2011 and 2017. All pre- and postoperative CTs were re-reviewed by experienced radiologists for detection of radiologic IH and calculation of the following metrics using Synapse 3D software: cross-sectional psoas muscle mass at the level of L3 and L4 as well as subcutaneous and visceral fat areas. Sarcopenia was defined as psoas muscle index below the lowest quartile. Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to examine the association between muscle and fat metrics and the risk of developing radiologic IH.ResultsA total of 236 patients with a median (IQR) age of 64 (54–70) years were included in this study. In a median (IQR) follow-up of 23 (14–38) months, 62 (26%) patients developed radiologic IH. On Cox proportional hazard model, we were unable to detect an association between sarcopenia and risk of IH development. In terms of subcutaneous fat change from pre-op, both lower and higher values were associated with IH development (HR (95% CI) 2.1 (1.2–3.4), p = 0.01 and 2.4 (1.4–4.1), p < 0.01 for < Q1 and ≥ Q3, respectively). Similar trend was found for visceral fat area changes from pre-op with a HR of 2.8 for < Q1 and 1.8 for ≥ Q3.ConclusionBoth excessive body fat gain and loss are associated with development of radiologic IH in patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy.

Leptin Resistance Does Not Facilitate Migratory Fattening in Ruby-Throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus Colubris).

In mammals, leptin is an important energy homeostasis hormone produced by adipose tissue. Circulating leptin concentrations correlate positively with fat mass and act in a negative feedback fashion to inhibit food intake and increase energy expenditure, thereby preventing fat gain. For some species, leptin resistance is advantageous during times of year where fat gain is necessary (e.g., prior to hibernation). While the function of leptin in birds remains controversial, seasonal leptin resistance may similarly benefit migratory species. Here, we used the ruby-throated hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) to test the hypothesis that leptin resistance promotes fattening prior to migration. We predicted that during the migratory fattening period, leptin levels should correlate positively with fat mass but should not inhibit food intake or increase energy expenditure, resulting in fattening. We tracked the body (fat) mass, the concentration of leptin-like protein in the urine, and the food intake of 12 captive hummingbirds from August 2021 to January 2022. In a subset of hummingbirds, we also quantified voluntary physical activity as a proxy for energy expenditure. We found remarkable age-related variation in fattening strategies, with juveniles doubling their body fat by mid-September and adults exhibiting only a 50% increase. Changes in fat mass were strongly associated with increased food intake and reduced voluntary activity. However, we found no correlation between leptin-like protein concentration and fat mass, food intake, or voluntary activity. Since increased torpor use has been shown to accelerate migratory fattening in ruby-throated hummingbirds, we also hypothesized that leptin is a mediator of torpor use. In an experimental manipulation of circulating leptin, however, we found no change in torpor use, body fat, or food intake. Overall, our findings suggest that leptin may not act as an adipostat in hummingbirds, nor does leptin resistance regulate how hummingbirds fatten prior to migration.

Body weight and fat trajectories of Black and White women in the first postpartum year.

The aim of this study was to examine changes in body weight and fat in Black and White women during the first postpartum year and to determine whether there is preferential retention of fat mass and abdominal fat. Body composition was quantified by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in Black (n=49) and White (n=85) women at 6 to 8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after delivery of a singleton infant. Weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and fat in the trunk, android, gynoid, and limb regions decreased from 6 to 8 weeks to 12 months in White women, but not in Black women (fat mass, adjusted mean [SE]: 29.6 [1.3] to 26.9 [1.3] kg in White women and 34.5 [1.5] to 36.8 [1.8] kg in Black women). In the entire sample, fat mass was higher at 6 months than at 6 to 8 weeks, independent of weight change; visceral fat was higher at 12 months (686 [45] g) than at 6 to 8 weeks (611 [42] g) and 6 months (626 [43] g); and android fat was higher at 12 months than at 6 months, independent of fat change. Black women were less likely than White women to lose weight and fat in the postpartum period. There was preferential retention of fat in the abdominal area.

Relation of BOLD response to food-specific and generic motor response inhibition tasks to body fat gain in adults with overweight and obesity

BackgroundLow inhibitory control has been theorized to contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity. Knowledge on the neurobiological indicators of inhibitory control deficits predicting future weight gain is limited. The current study examined if individual differences in blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) activity associated with food-specific and general motor response inhibition predict future body fat change in adults with overweight or obesity. MethodsBOLD activity and behavioral responses of adults with overweight or obesity (N = 160) were recorded while performing a food-specific stop signal task (n = 92) or a generic stop signal task (n = 68). Percent body fat was measured at baseline, posttest, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. ResultsElevated BOLD activity in somatosensory (postcentral gyrus), and attention (precuneus) regions during successful inhibition in the food-specific stop signal task and elevated BOLD activity in a motor region (anterior cerebellar lobe) in the generic stop signal task predicted greater body fat gain over 6-month follow-up. Elevated BOLD activity in inhibitory control regions (inferior-, middle-, superior frontal gyri) and error monitoring regions (anterior cingulate cortex, insula) during erroneous responses in the generic stop signal task predicted body fat loss. ConclusionsResults suggest that improving motor response inhibition and error monitoring may facilitate weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity.

Lifetime changes in body fatness and breast density in postmenopausal women: the FEDRA study

BackgroundHigh mammographic breast density (MBD) is an established risk factor for breast cancer (BC). Body fatness conveys an increased BC risk in postmenopause but is associated with less dense breasts. Here, we studied the relationship between body fatness and breast composition within the FEDRA (Florence-EPIC Digital mammographic density and breast cancer Risk Assessment) longitudinal study.MethodsRepeated anthropometric data and MBD parameters (obtained through an automated software on BC screening digital mammograms) were available for all participants, as well as information on other BC risk factors. Multivariate linear regression and functional data analysis were used to longitudinally evaluate the association of body fatness, and changes thereof over time, with dense (DV) and non-dense (NDV) breast volumes and volumetric percent density (VPD).ResultsA total of 5,262 women were included, with anthropometric data available at 20 and 40 years of age, at EPIC baseline (mean 49.0 years), and an average of 9.4 years thereafter. The mean number of mammograms per woman was 3.3 (SD 1.6). Body fatness (and increases thereof) at any age was positively associated with DV and NDV (the association being consistently stronger for the latter), and inversely associated with VPD. For instance, an increase by 1 kg/year between the age of 40 years and EPIC baseline was significantly associated with 1.97% higher DV, 8.85% higher NDV, and 5.82% lower VPD.ConclusionBody fatness and its increase from young adulthood until midlife are inversely associated with volumetric percent density, but positively associated with dense and non-dense breast volumes in postmenopausal women.