Chamber Of Commerce Research Articles

Study Communicate of Information technology in The Export of Agricultural Products of Karbala Province

One of the most important consequences of globalization is increased competition at the international level of economics. Because in these circumstances, we will always face reduced transportation costs, the astonishing growth of information technology and increasing expansion of e-commerce and minimization of geographical constraints and growth of competition, which will increase the efficiency of the international economy. Among these, it can be said that the most important consequence of globalization on the economies of countries is the growth of e-commerce. The agricultural sector in most developing countries, including Iran, plays an important role in the trading system, GDP and job creation. The use of e-commerce in this major part of the national economy will bring great benefits, so to use this new technology, it is necessary to provide a feasibility study for the development of e-commerce in the export of agricultural products in this study. The present research method is descriptive-survey and is also applied in terms of the type of research because its results can be useful for the development of e-commerce in the export of agricultural products in the cities of Karbala province. In this study, employees and export specialists of the Commercial Organization, Agricultural Jihad, Chamber of Commerce and Industries and Deputy, brokers and natural and legal persons are engaged in agricultural exports and farmers of Karbala province as a statistical community. The method of random sampling was simple that after determining the sample size, the samples were randomly selected from the study population and finally 170 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to test and analyze the processed information and were based on the SPSS software package. The results showed that technically, economically, legally, operationally and temporally, the possibility of developing e-commerce in the export of agricultural products There is Karbala province and the importance and role of these factors in the development of e-commerce in the export of agricultural products in the cities of Karbala province is not the same. This means that the technical factor in the development of e-commerce is most important in the export of agricultural products in the cities of Karbala province, then the economic factor, then the time factor, then the operational factor and finally the legal factor

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ТРЕТЕЙСКОМ РАЗБИРАТЕЛЬСТВЕ В КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ: ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ НАДЛЕЖАЩЕГО ПРОЦЕССА

This article analyses the prerequisites and main milestones of the digitalization of arbitration in the Kyrgyz Republic in the post-Covid period using the example of the International Court of Arbitration under the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Kyrgyz Republic as an example. The author describes the main conceptual and technical challenges faced by participants of remote hearings in the context of ensuring access to arbitration. The publication addresses steps to ensure a proper arbitration process through the use of digital technologies, including creating a platform for the exchange of documents, modifying the rules to enshrine the specifics of online hearings, and the use of alternative means of notifying the parties about the arbitration.

APPRAISAL OF COMPREHENSIVE SCHEME OF INCREASING TAX BASE PROPOSED BY FPCCI

Pakistan’s pace of development has been hindered due to a huge informal economy and a narrow tax-base scheme. Sequential successive governments have been unable to remove the formidable impediments due to multifarious factors like cultural mindset, flawed policies, organizational constraints, and rampant corruption. A large segment of the economy is not contributing its fair share into the national revenue collection mainly/primarily due to a lack of ownership by the masses in general and businesses in particular. Sequential successive governments have failed to allay their apprehensions relating to the tax-based system, thereby winning extensive cooperation of FBR’s potential to collect taxes, which has been severely compromised because of its non-inclusive approach. This paper aims to critically examine the political legitimacy, operational feasibility, and financial sustainability of the proposals for the Broadening of Tax Base (BTB) scheme proposed by the Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI).
 Keywords: BTB, FPCCI, increasing tax-based scheme, tax base

International standards of mediation as an alternative way to resolve legal disputes and their implementation in the conditions of european integration of Ukraine

The article describes the international standards of mediation as an alternative way of resolving legal disputes and substantiating the prospects of their implementation in Ukraine.
 It is substantiated that the leading role in the formation of mediation standards is played by global and regional international organizations and unions, in particular, the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the European Union, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce, the World Trade Organization, etc. Due to their normative and organizational activities, these entities have developed a number of leading and effective mediation standards, the implementation of which is still relevant for Ukraine. Considering the European integration intentions of Ukraine, the implementation of the standards of the Council of Europe and taking into account the experience and standards of mediation formed by the European Union are particularly relevant.
 International standards of mediation should be conditionally divided into two groups: 1) those related to the professional activity of mediation: professionalism of the mediator, experience, independence, neutrality and objectivity, responsibility of the mediator; 2) those related to the procedure and consequences of mediation: initiation of mediation by the parties or an authorized body, contractual grounds for conducting it, confidentiality, quality of mediation, guarantee of legal protection regardless of the conduct of mediation, clarity of the procedure and consequences of mediation for the parties, honesty of the mediation process, obligation of the decision made for the parties, payment of the mediator's services, etc.
 Standards related to ensuring the quality of mediation in Ukraine require implementation into the current legislation on mediation. The legislation does not define effective, simple and effective mechanisms for monitoring the quality of mediation. In particular, the possibility of bringing the mediator to civil, administrative, and criminal liability is determined. But there are actually no grounds for such responsibility in the industry legislation, which creates a gap.

Investigating the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on the Egyptian market: insights from multiple sectors

Purpose: This research aims at investigating the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the supply chain processes in the Egyptian market. In addition to developing contingency plans that could guide the Egyptian stakeholders in achieving efficient and resilient supply during crises. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: Published reports and statistical records concerning the Russian-Ukrainian war and its impact on the supply chain disruption in Egypt are reviewed. Upon this, a focus group is conducted with the Egyptian stakeholders, including high-level participants from the government, and industrial representatives from the Egyptian Chamber of Commerce to investigate the current situation in Egypt. In addition, three semi-structured interviews with Egyptian market representatives, including representatives from the food sector, oil and gas sector, and the Egyptian tourism sector, help the Egyptian market stakeholders overcome those supply chain complexities. Findings: They showed that the most affected markets are the food market, the tourism sector, and the oil and gas sector. Which, a SWOT analysis technique is used to show the major strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities in the Egyptian market. In addition, a concluded road map is presented to producers and service managers to guide and upgrade their strategic plans to face any unexpected situations in the upcoming years and to show the gap to future researchers. Research Implications/ Limitations : The Egyptian market stakeholders in food, oil, and gas, and tourism must implement new strategies for adapting to and dealing with crisis management, renovating production operations plans, and satisfying their market needs. Originality: The paper is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the impact of the crisis and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on the Egyptian market, as well as new alternative and contingency plans to assist Egyptian stakeholders in mitigating its negative consequences. Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian conflict, supply chain, Egyptian market.

오무장공사 소장 유물과 화교사회

This paper aims to clarify the historical significance of each relic and its relationship with the Overseas Chinese Community through a survey of relics produced during the modern period preserved by the Wu Wuzhuanggong shrine. The WuWuzhuanggong shrine enshrines Admiral Wu Changqing, who was dispatched from the Qing dynasty to Choseon to suppress the Im-O Military Revolt. King Gojong established it in 1885 in the name of Jeongmu shrine to commemorate Wu Changqing after his death, and hold national memorial service every year. Japan's colonization of Choseon-Korea was actively promoted, and in 1909, the memorial service and management was transferred to the Qing Consulate General in Choseon-Korea, and the ceremony was held jontly with the Kyeongseong Chinese Chamber of Commerce. In this paper, we first surveyed all the relics in the collection of WuWuzhuanggong shrine and deciphered all the characters on each relic of the monument stone, plaque, couplet, and mortuary tablet. After deciphering, through the work of translating all relics, we fully grasped the content of each relic, and examined the historical meaning of each relic, focusing on its relationship with overseas Chinese community. Each relic not only contains the history of the WuWuzhuanggong shrine as it is, but also clearly shows the actual situation of its transformation. The overseas Chinese community in Gyeongseong is directly involved in the management, repair and maintenance of the WuWuzhuanggong shrine, as well as the rituals, and has served as a historical space that unites the overseas Chinese community

The influence of marketing competency on capital investment collection and their implications on performance

The current problem is that performance is still far below expectations, and while the accumulation of capital investment has not been encouraging, this is presumably because marketing competence is still a concern. This study aims to determine the effect of marketing competence on the accumulation of capital investment and its implications for performance through a case study of the business built by the West Java Chamber of Commerce. The research method applied is a descriptive-analytical survey method, and the sample used is 45 respondents. The variables studied for each respondent are marketing competence, capital investment accumulation, and performance. The type of data collected is primary data. The results of the study indicate that marketing competence has no effect and is not significant for the accumulation of capital investment. the accumulation of capital investment and its significant effect on performance. The implication is that marketing competencies need to be applied programmatically and massively. The object of this research is that the sample of respondents used is still limited to the businesses assisted by the West Java Chamber of Commerce in Bandung; therefore, further research based on more varied sampling with a longer duration is necessary in order to obtain generalizable results.

Pakistani Viewpoint - Shahid Malik High Commissioner of Pakistan in India

President PHD Chamber, Mr Sanjay Bhatia, Distinguished Members of the Chamber, Ladies and Gentlemen. It gives me immense pleasure to be amongst you once again, after nearly a decade. Having served on an assignment in Delhi in the past, the PHD Chamber and many of your senior members present here today are well known to me. Given the geographical contiguity of this area with Pakistan and a history of economic linkages, the interest of the Chamber in seeking mutually beneficial economic relations with Pakistan is well known and understandable. Only last month, a delegation headed by Mr Bhatia, with past PHD Presidents as its members, undertook a tour of EXPO-2007 to Karachi. As on various occasions in the past, the Chamber also hosted a high level delegation from the Islamabad Chamber of Commerce and Industry recently. Such contacts are useful and need to be encouraged.

Readiness of the Czech Republic to Join the Euro Area

The Czech Republic has been a member of the European Union since 2004. As a Member State, it is obliged to join the euro area upon meeting all the Maastricht criteria. There is still no fixed date for adopting the single European currency. The Czech Republic is failing to meet some criteria. There are ongoing discussions about joining the euro among experts, bank representatives, politicians, entrepreneurs, representatives of the Czech Chamber of Commerce and various associations, economics students and the general public. The aim of this paper is to assess the ongoing fulfilment of the Maastricht convergence criteria in the Czech Republic and to identify the relationship between actual and perceived inflation. The paper reflects new aspects, which were generated by the recent development on financial markets during the last 2 years, including COVID-19 and Russian attack to Ukraine. Due to the fact, that not all statistics reflects recent development, some tables and charts are not reflecting this for hundred percent. The analyses carried out reveal that the only criterion that is currently met is the level of public debt (sustainability will be assessed at the time of application). Smooth adoption of the euro by the public is associated with an increased perception of inflation above actual inflation. This situation should be addressed by economic policy actors in preparation for joining the euro area. The importance of a government communication and explanation campaign was confirmed by countries in a similar position. Since February this year, Europe and the whole world have been facing a new geopolitical situation. There are voices calling for Europe to become stronger, more compact, perhaps move towards a federation, including a strengthening of the common currency’s position. Therefore, this is a highly topical issue. The final decision in the Czech Republic to start the process of adopting the euro and to set the date for joining the euro area rests with the Czech Government in cooperation with the Czech National Bank.

The impact of innovation strategies on export performance, a case study: textile industry

To compete in foreign markets, an exporting company must achieve certain advantages that must necessarily be valuable and rare. Exporting textile products is very important as an important strategy to expand the product supply market from limited domestic markets to large foreign markets. On the other hand, the importance of investing in innovation strategy when pursuing competitive advantage and growth in foreign markets is highly emphasized. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of innovation strategies on export performance in the textile industry. The current research is a descriptive-correlational and applied research. Also, from the theoretical point of view, it is considered as one of the proof researches and from the point of view of reasoning, it is considered as one of the inductive researches. In this research, two library and field methods were used to collect information. The questionnaire was designed by the researcher based on the model taken from the research of Jude Ndubuisi Edeha et al. (2020), which includes 5 components (marketing innovation, technological innovation, product innovation, process innovation and external innovation collaboration). Also, the export performance questionnaire (Zou et al., 1998) has been used. The statistical population of this research consists of 30 experts of Savis company who are directly and indirectly engaged in export, sales and marketing, as well as 135 members of the commercial department of Arak Chamber of Commerce. The sample size was 115 people who were selected using the simple random sampling method using the sample table of Krejci and Morgan. The research hypotheses were tested using correlation and regression tests. The results of the data analysis showed that all the sub-hypotheses of the research were accepted, so it can be concluded that innovation strategies have an effect on export performance in the textile industry, and thus the main hypothesis of the research was also confirmed.

Railroad investment and regional disparity: Public expenditure on transport infrastructure in France, 1837–57

Regional equality was an important issue in French public investment in railroads from 1837, when the French State first intervened financially to facilitate railroad construction to 1857, when the main railroads were completed. Based on an analysis of parliamentary debates, this article aims to examine the weight of regional balancing in the planning of main railroads and their financial model. Using documents from various Chambers of commerce, we then examine the effect of regional equality on local stakeholders’ opinion about the best financing model to adopt for the railroad plan. Finally, we will analyse the data from budgets of the Ministry of Public Works to trace the evolution of regional disparities in public spending from 1837 to 1857.

Administration of Ukrainian Coal Exports to the Ottoman Empire (Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries)

Period in the late 19th – early 20th centuries was a rapid economic recovery in Ukraine. The excess of production over the volume of the domestic consumer market encouraged entrepreneurs to export coal, primarily to the nearest foreign markets. The market of the Ottoman Empire was determined as a important in that respect. The study of the export direction of commercial activity of Ukrainian entrepreneurs became possible as a result of attracting a wide range of sources including Government and business statistical directories, office documents of representative organizations, articles from periodicals of that time, archival materials, etc. The author analyses export techniques of Ukrainian businessmen as one of the components of business culture wich consists of introducing organizational and logistical techniques for export tasks, studying global experience and using the most successful and effective mechanisms to influence the process of invading foreign markets. The paper shows that Ukrainian entrepreneurs had resorted to a variety of tools to promote their products including business meetings and participating in the “Floating Exhibition”. The author concludes that, despite all efforts, Ukrainian entrepreneurs lost in competition with more developed countries and they had to pay attention to the increased domestic demand. The idea of Ukrainian business community to organize a permanent trade mission in Constantinople in the form of a chamber of commerce, which originated in the early XX century, is implemented at the present stage of mutually beneficial partnership between Ukraine and Turkey

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE: REGIONAL ASPECT

The globalisation processes are expanding, making all the subjects of the global functioning system interdependent on each other. One of the pros of globalisation is the possibility to exchange goods and services between the subjects either on the global or regional levels. Such an exchange of goods and services is considered international trade. International trade is carried out in the forms of exports and imports. International trade influences any region’s economic functioning, including dynamics and volatility of economic growth as well as labour market performance. Public administration includes state governance (executed by the state authorities), regional and local governance (executed by the regional and local bodies of state power) and public governance (carried out by the non-state entities, NGOs, etc). The subject of international trade public administration to be paid attention at in this research is the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine, which is a non-governmental non-profit self-governing organization that unites legal entities and citizens of Ukraine registered as entrepreneurs, as well as their associations, on a voluntary basis. The regional structure of chambers of commerce includes the central Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine and 25 regional Chambers. The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Ukraine a member of the International Chamber of Commerce and the World Federation of Chambers as well as the Association of European Chambers of Commerce and Industry. The public administration of international trade effectiveness has been evaluated through its indirect impact on the regional performance in general. The amounts of Gross Regional Product for the regions of Ukraine and their shares of the Gross Regional Product have been visualised, analysed and compared. The subjects to use the research itself and its results have been defined and the prospects as well as the further research development limitations have been stated.

Alberta premier charts rapid health care reform.

Alberta premier Danielle Smith acknowledged the coming months will be “bumpy” as she seeks to rapidly reform health care leadership in the province ahead of an election in May. “It’s going to be a bit bumpy for the next 90 days,” Smith said in a speech to Edmonton’s chamber of commerce

Valuing Losses of Pension Benefits

Valuing Losses of Pension Benefits

Salinas: A History of Race and Resilience in an Agricultural City by Carol Lynn McKibben

In this community history of Salinas, an agricultural powerhouse in Central California, McKibben outlines the city’s changing ethnic and racial composition since it emerged in the 1860s, eventually to be incorporated as the seat of Monterey County in 1874. The author focuses primarily on Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, and Mexican immigrants, as well as on Dust Bowl migrants, to explore the complicated and nuanced ways by which the lettuce capital of California took shape as a “multiracial, gendered community with a shared belief in American ideals of democracy and equality, even when that belief system proved naïve or misplaced” (5). In that passage lies the crux of McKibben’s argument: Although the city’s residents recognized that all groups were necessary to the endeavor of city-building, not until recent decades did whites begin to acknowledge the contributions of minority groups to any extent. Race relations in Salinas involved “complex mixtures of inclusiveness and marginalization” that nonetheless tended to support “a system of white supremacy” (126). Change in the form of meaningful access to political power finally arrived late in the twentieth century when Salinas became a minority-majority city that is now overwhelmingly Latino/a.McKibben tells this story in nine chronological chapters, consulting a wide range of local sources—records from the Monterey County Historical Society and the chamber of commerce, city-council minutes dating back well into the nineteenth century, the minutes of the Grower-Shipper Association (gsa) that provide insights into labor relations during the Great Depression, local newspapers, and interviews in the collections of the John Steinbeck Library. In addition, the author conducted numerous oral interviews across a wide range of the city’s population. Although this book is largely a local history, it ripples outward to include the economy and demographics of the greater central-California region, statewide immigration (and migration) developments, and evolving federal immigration policy from the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 though the reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. With this layered approach, Salinas contributes to our understanding of cities embedded in rural regions with agricultural economies, and of city-building processes in the context of race relations during periods of rapid demographic change. The book is informed by a number of fields in addition to urban history, including ethnic studies, Chicano/a history, agricultural and labor history, and the history of California and the West.McKibben argues that migrants of all ethnic and racial backgrounds who came to Salinas and the Salinas Valley viewed farming (even tenant farming) as a way to enter the middle class. Her contention that socioeconomic mobility was available for Asians (or at least their American-born children who could own property in California), as well as whites challenges the prediction of McWilliams and Steinbeck that industrialized agricultural production in 1930s California would result in a permanent caste system.1 This path to middle-class life, however, was still limited by white hegemony. It was only “possible for enough members of excluded groups to move into property ownership … to make it appear that there was opportunity for all” (95).Spatial boundaries based on race and class exist in Salinas as elsewhere in the state and nation. The unincorporated adjacent community of Alisal, located east of downtown, housed much of Salinas’ poor and working-class families both before and after Salinas annexed it in 1963, becoming increasingly Latino/a. The Latino/a community, as well as the female population, in Salinas and Alisal were long underserved in terms of infrastructure, housing, education, and political representation. By the closing decades of the twentieth century, however, individual and collective activism had managed to secure gains for them in city government and planning, but, according to McKibben, this new sense of belonging was just sufficient to forestall further challenges to white privilege.

From Frame of Steel to Iron Cage: The Chinese Communist Party and China's Voluntary Sector

As the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) celebrated its centenary, its expanding role in penetrating, regulating, and reshaping social organisations (社会组织, shehui zuzhi) seemed to signal a decisive shift in not only the arrangement, but also the balance, of power between the state, the voluntary sector, and the party in favour of the latter. Beginning with the recent reform “decoupling” professional associations and chambers of commerce (行业协会商会, hangye xiehui shanghui) from state management, which has been cited in official documents as a model for “separating the state from society” and an initial step in further reducing the state management in other realms of activity, this article considers broad trends in the CCP's historical relationship with social organisations, particularly alongside its shifting relationship with the state apparatus after 1949, over time. Working through both the CCP's governing practice of “documentary politics” and, more recently, initiatives to expand “rule by law” under Xi, I argue that the party has vastly increased its power, presence, and control over both as it marked its centenary, albeit at times donning the mask of the state to do so. I conclude that the party's continued advance under Xi is occurring at the expense of both the autonomy of the state administration and that of social forces.

Salinas: A History of Race and Resilience in an Agricultural City

Salinas: A History of Race and Resilience in an Agricultural City

PAK 21 Skills and The Challenges of Its Integration During Teaching and Facilitation Session (PDPC)

Conventional Teaching and Facilitation Process (PdPc) is seen as inadequate in preparing modern era students to face challenges, both in their personal or professional lives. Hence, this requires Malaysian education system to move along in a fast pace in developing integrated skilled experts from various fields through application and implementation of 21st century skills. So, this study discusses a set of 21st century skills and the challenges that exist in the integration of 21st Century Learning (PAK21) during PdPc. The results of previous studies reveal that a complete set of 21st century skills including the practices of the National Chamber of Commerce & National Industry and Partnership are, namely a) Personal Skills, b) Applied Skills, c) Workplace Skills, d) Social Skills, e) Key Competencies, f) Learning and Innovation Skills, g) Media Information and Technology Skills, and h) Life and Career Skills. Therefore, acknowledging the lack of skilled manpower and excellent student, who are capable in meeting the challenges of employment sector in the future, this finding is regarded as an effort to help implementation of 21st century learning towards the development of the latest education system in order to develop the standard quality of life subsequently.

Supporting ethnic small businesses

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The research examines how Chambers of Commerce support the growth and performance of ethnic small businesses. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists, and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.