Challenging Thing Research Articles

A Preliminary Study on Disclosure Experience of Taiwanese Asexual

<p>本研究旨在探究臺灣無性戀現身經驗，邀請6位無性戀者進行訪談，不聚焦單一現身對象，以開放地態度蒐集與探究資料，以「敘事研究取向」視框進行資料分析，試圖理解無性戀之現身經驗為何？研究結果有三：（一）無性戀能見度低影響現身經驗，包含需要解釋「什麼是無性戀」、現身是多次反覆全面性的行動、難以被理解；（二）臺灣同性婚姻對於無性戀現身經驗獨具意義，包含評估欲現身對象的酷兒知能與開放度、實踐社會正義、大幅降低被病理化的思維；（三）向伴侶現身尤為挑戰，包含避免錯誤期待、考量現身風險。最後，依據研究結果與文獻對話給予未來研究與實務建議，包含（一）研究建議：聚焦於無性戀像伴侶現身議題；（二）實務建議：在教育或教學現場，提供教師與學生「無性戀」概念，以提升無性戀的能見度；在諮商實務的現場，實務工作者要積極反思自身的「性價值觀」，以及擴展「性相關議題」之視框，除了增加對各個性傾向關注度之外，必須胸懷性少數的多樣性，避免先入為主的刻板印象，才不致在助人工作的成效上陷入盲點與困境，對性少數與臺灣整體社會有所貢獻。</p> <p> </p><p>The purpose of this study is to explore the disclosure experience of Taiwan asexual by interviewing six Taiwanese asexual individuals. Using a narrative research approach, we analyzed the data through the "category-content" method. There are three parts in the results. Firstly, considerations to disclosure their asexuality is influenced by the people they are interacting with. For instance, disclosure to their family is based on the quality of daily relationships, how accepting and open-minded to queer knowledge they are; disclosure to friends and communities is part of the process of identity recognition, increasing common sense of queer individuals, practicing social justice, and challenging old frameworks; disclosure to partners put them into the risks of not being understood and forming false expectations. Secondly, disclosure strategies include starting the discussion with the concept they already known, sharing views and feelings in daily life, and avoiding being put themselves into a difficult situation where everyone knows nothing about asexuality; Thirdly, the challenges include being misunderstood, easy to be pathological, further exploration of related knowledge, and closer to ideal relationships. The most challenging thing to asexual people is disclosure to their partner. Asexual people consider whether the disclosure is good for relationship or not, and the purpose of disclosure is hoping their partner hold no incorrect expectations.</p> <p>This study discusses as follows. (1) the low visibility of asexuality affects the experience of disclosure, and it is a repeated and comprehensive action. To a certain extent, "asexuality comes out" equals "needs to explain what asexuality is". Some Asexual individuals choose not to come out temporarily because of "to avoid trouble". This is not "in the closet" or "go invisible", but a purely interpersonal consideration. (2) Disclosure is related to the contemporary script and telling to their partners is particularly challenging. Asexual men influenced by "masculinity" and asexual women feeling challenged to appear as contemporary women are all making attempt to break away from the traditional sexual scripts (3) Taiwan same-sex marriage plays an unique and meaningful role for asexuality and this facilitates consideration of disclosure and practices social justice. In terms of strategies of disclosure, discussing "same-sex marriage" as a starting point as nowadays people have had a more friendly attitude towards same-sex marriage. In the end of the study, some suggestions are made based on the results and discussions.</p> <p> </p>

Prediction of Motor Myelopathic Severity in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: How to Approach?

Background: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a challenging thing to diagnose as it has subtle symptoms and insidious onset. But, there is a relationship between signal intensity change of the spinal cord on MRI and cervical spondylotic myelopathy through which motor myelopathic severity in these patients can be predicted. Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the motor myelopathic severity in patients with CSM with the help of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from October, 2011 to March, 2013 for a period of one and half year. All patients who presented with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were included in this study. MRI of cervical spine was performed to all patients. Results: A total number of 36 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were included in this study. Among the 36 study patients, all had normal intensity in the spinal cord on sagittal T1WI of MRI; however, there was variable intensity on sagittal T2WI of MRI. Low Nurick score was found in 24 (66.6%) patients who had type 0signal intensity on (T2WI) MRI. High Nurick score was found in 3 (8.3%) patients who had type 0 signal intensity on (T2WI) MRI. Low Nurick score was found in 2 (5.5%) patients who had type 1 signal intensity on (T2WI) MRI. High Nurick score was found in 6 (16.6%) patients who had type 1 signal intensity on (T2WI) MRI. Only 1 patient (2.7%) having high Nurick score (3- 5) had type-2 signal intensity on (T2WI) MRI (p<0.001). Conclusion: Prediction of motor myelopathic severity in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy can be done perfectly with the help of signal intensity change of the spinal cord on MRI which is very much helpful in patients’ management. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2023; 12(2): 71-75

Management Desa Sukomulyo: Potensi Menjadi Desa Wisata di Destinasi Pariwisata Super Prioritas Borobudur

Sukomulyo Village, a village around Borobudur's Super Priority Tourism Destination, wants to develop into a tourist destination. The correct form of tourist destination is to become a tourist village. Efforts to become a tourist village are certainly a challenging thing. It is necessary to conduct research first to find out the village's potential so that it can declare it to be a tourist village because it has adequate facilities. To achieve the goal, cooperation efforts are needed between the village government and the villagers to create synergy in understanding. In addition, it is necessary to explore the potential of Sukomulyo village to determine its readiness to become a tourist village. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods through field observations and interview discussions. The purpose of this study is to describe the efforts of Sukomulyo village to become a new tourist village around the Super Priority Tourism Destination of Borobudur and produce tour packages. The results of this study show that the potential of Sukomulyo village can be designed as a strategy to become a tourist village to attract potential tourists.

Self-Efficacy in Self-Care and Its Related Factors Among Patients with Coronary Heart Disease in Indonesia: A Rasch Analysis.

Low self-efficacy (SE) can impact decreasing health status, poor self-care, and quality of life among patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Many factors can affect SE. However, studies on SE in CHD patients with Rasch Model analysis have not been carried out widely. This study aims to identify the SE in self-care and its related factors that correlate SE among CHD patients. Cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with CHD. Selection of the sample using convenience sampling technique with several predetermined criteria. SE was measured using the SEQ-CHDM questionnaire, with high validity and reliability results. Data were analyzed using the Rasch model and chi-square test. The results showed that most respondents had a moderate SE (51.5%). Care units (p=0.003) and duration of illness (p=0.049) were significantly correlated to SE among patients with CHD. "Maintaining an ideal body weight" is the most challenging thing. On the other hand, stop smoking is the most confident thing to be performed by the respondents. We conclude that CHD patients in the acute care unit and patients with a duration of illness >6 months have a lower tendency for SE. Health interventions such as raising awareness about the disease, modifying health behavior, and immediately screening can improve patients' SE. Besides that, proper diagnosis and ongoing treatment are crucial to improving SE and CHD care outcomes.

Measuring and improving performance of clinicians: an application of patient-based records

BackgoundEfforts to measure performance and identify its driving factors among clinicians are needed for building a high-quality clinician workforce. The availability of data is the most challenging thing. This paper presented a summary performance measure for clinicians and its application on examining factors that influence performance using routine patient-based records.MethodsPerfomance indicators and difficulty score were extracted from electronic medical records (EMRs). Difficulty adjustment and standardized processing were used to obtain indicators which were comparable between specialties. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to estimate the summary performance measure. The performance measure was then used to examine the influence of person-job fit and burnout through a mediator effect model and cluster analysis.ResultsA valid sample of 404 clinicians were included in this study, and 244 of them had valid response in the questionnaire. PCA explained 79.37% of the total variance presented by the four adjusted performance indicators. Non-performance attributes and performance driving factors help distinguish different clusters of clinicians. Burnout mediates the relationship between person-job fit and performance in a specific group of clinicians (β = 0.120, p = 0.008).ConclusionsWe demonstrated the analytical steps to estimate clinicians’ performance and its practical application using EMRs. Our findings provide insight into personnel classified management. Such practice can be applied in countries where electronic medical record systems are relatively less developed to continuously improve the application of performance management.

PUMMP: Phishing URL Detection using Machine Learning with Monomorphic and Polymorphic Treatment of Features

Phishing scams are increasing drastically, which affects Internet users in compromising personal credentials. This paper proposes a novel feature utilization method for phishing URL detection called the Polymorphic property of features. In the initial stage, the URL-related features (46 features) were extracted. Later, a subset of features (19 out of 46) with the polymorphic property of features was identified, and they were extracted from different parts of the URL (the domain and path). After extracting the features, various machine learning classification algorithms were applied to build the machine learning model using monomorphic treatment of features, polymorphic treatment of features, and both monomorphic and polymorphic treatment of features. By the polymorphic property of features, we mean that the same feature provides different interpretations when considered in different parts of the URL. The machine learning models were built on two different datasets. A comparison of the machine learning models derived from the two datasets reveals the fact that the model built with both monomorphic and polymorphic treatment of features yielded higher accuracy in Phishing URL detection than the existing works. While testing the model on phishing URL datasets, the most challenging thing we noticed was detecting the phishing URLs with a valid SSL certificate. The existing works on detecting phishing URLs, using only digital certificate-related features, are not up to the mark. We combined certificate-related and URL-related features to improve the performance to address the problem.

Mother Tongue Interference in EFL Students’ Writing

Understanding the similarities and differences between English, as the target language, and Indonesian, as the native language, is an essential thing for students to know if they want to master English. One problem as the most challenging thing for students is to express themselves in English appropriately, orally or written. The student’s original language, Indonesian, interferes with their ability to compose English sentences correctly, especially in writing. It is essential to find and identify errors made by students of English, in this case, the interference of Indonesian in writing. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the interference of Indonesian in students English writing. This study provides an analysis of the interference of Indonesian on English writing made by EFL students. The data for the study is collected from essay writing on a descriptive text by 32 university students in the fourth semester majoring in English and whose native language is Indonesian. Those 32 students were purposively chosen as samples since they sit in one class and had the Essay writing Course. The students then asked to write about two pages of descriptive essays on specific exciting topics for them. It is found that there are a total of 359 Indonesian interferences on the students’ English writing. The findings suggest valuable strategies to aid students in developing their writing skills, such as viewing English-language movies, reading English books or articles, and listening to English news and music.

The Role of Historical Sources in Commenting on A. N. Tolstoy’s Novel Peter the Great

The article is devoted to the review of the main historical sources for A.N. Tolstoy’s novel Peter the Great. Textual comparison of the text of the novel with the corresponding documentary materials might solve one of the most important problems of commenting on the novel, which is how and to what extent a documentary source could influence the writer, how he used a specific source and how he changed it. A.V. Alpatov wrote that Tolstoy borrowed the outline of events and factual material from the works of historians I.I. Golikov, N.G. Ustryalov, S.M. Solovyov. The most challenging thing to establish is to what extent these works were reflected in the novel. For instance, the sixth chapter (the First Azov Campaign) makes evident the use of works by Golikov and Solovyov, but not those by Ustryalov (contrary to what Alpatov believed). This judgement might be supported by the comparison of the texts of the novel and historical sources, as well as marginalia on the publications of Golikov and Solovyov from Tolstoy’s personal library.

Modal engineering of electromagnetic circuits to achieve rapid settling times.

Inductive circuits and devices are ubiquitous and important design elements in many applications, such as magnetic drives, galvanometers, magnetic scanners, applying direct current (DC) magnetic fields to systems, radio frequency coils in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems, and a vast array of other applications. They are widely used to generate both DC and alternating current (AC) magnetic fields. Many of these applications require a rapid step and settling time, turning the DC or AC magnetic field on and off quickly. The inductive response normally makes this a challenging thing to do. In this article, we discuss open loop control algorithms for achieving rapid step and settling times in four general categories of applications: DC and AC systems where the system is either under- or over-damped. Each of these four categories requires a different algorithm, which we describe here. We show the operation of these drive methods using Simulink and Simscape modeling tools, analytical solutions to the underlying differential equations, and experimental results using an inductive magnetic coil and a Hall sensor. Finally, we demonstrate the application of these techniques to significantly reduce ringing in a standard NMR circuit. We intend this article to be practical, with useful, easy-to-apply algorithms and helpful tuning tricks.

Diagnostic value of serum ADA level in extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases in a tertiary care hospital, Bihar

Travelling through time, space and history if there is one disease which always comes to our mind is tuberculosis (TB). Still on many occasions it remains undiagnosed and hence not treated appropriately. In many instances patient is not able to give proper sputum sample or in a way it should be. On the top of it in resource poor countries availability of health care professionals is an issue to examine the sputum. Furthermore, when extra pulmonary TB is the case invasive diagnostic procedures such as biopsy becomes important which is a challenging thing to perform in many of our setups in our state. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ADA in extra pulmonary TB. Methods: It is an analytical study in which serum ADA values in EPTB cases were compared with controls.100 patients matched for age and sex were included. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27. Results: Our data analysis showed mean ADA levels in EPTB patients was 43.6 which was significantly higher than control group(p value <0.001).

Illuminating the negative thermal expansion mechanism of YFe(CN)6 via electronic structure and unusual phonon modes

Understanding the negative thermal expansion (NTE) mechanism remains an important and challenging thing. In this work, we selected the case of YFe(CN)6 to investigate the structure-mechanism relation on the base of crystal structure, electronic structure and lattice dynamics. We expanded the NTE of YFe(CN)6 to 150 K, and the temperature dependence of volume and lattice constants was determined by temperature-variable synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. A large NTE was found in the system. Our theoretical calculations indicate that the Y–N bond exhibits a strong ionic feature through the calculated electron localization function (ELF), which has a strong influence on the anisotropic vibration of the N atom. The detailed lattice dynamics simulations suggest that the NTE of YFe(CN)6 may be related to the presence of the unusual low-frequency modes of the YN6 triangular prism (tri-prism) units. The optical branches with low frequencies are mainly related to the distortion and twisting modes of the YN6 tri-prism units, which contribute most to the NTE effect in the crystal.

Optimal profitable applications for web development companies using a linear programming approach

The consumed resources in web development companies are different and greatly affect a company’s profit or loss extent. We will utilize linear programming to measure that and maximize the company’s profit. Furthermore, we will apply the simplex method algorithm within certain constraints placed on different components of the company's different products. This problem can be solved with a trial and error approach but this requires great effort and time, which is a challenging thing to do on each product. We can employ different computer tools that calculate and solve these problems. Microsoft Excel is one of these tools that solve linear programming equations and provides accurate outputs; there are plugins such as (Solver) that work in integration with Excel. This paper’s main goal and purpose are to calculate and acquire the ideal products that maximize the company's profit under certain constraints. The best distribution and optimal use of resources to increase profit while maintaining quality and quantification of each project type with imposed restrictions and steps that the company must take to stop and reduce excess and unused resources. The simplex method algorithm is used because it is faster than other algorithms in solving linear programming problems, and it has high efficiency in reducing the needed resources for computer processing. On the other hand, the limitations of this algorithm manifested in its dependence on variables will increase the complexity of the problem, and this cannot be implemented accurately in all cases of linear programming problems.

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING IN TURBOMACHINERIES

The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the recent advancements of Additive manufacturing in the field of turbomachinery. The most challenging thing in real world is fabricating a large turbine or a propeller with short production run, less tool investment cost and finally less carbon print. Additive manufacturing not only achieves this but also provide several advantages over conventional machining process. This paper aims to elaborate current trends in additive manufacturing methods, history of AM, its advantages and challenges and AM’s role in making the turbomachinery manufacturing easier.

Zaha Hadid in the United Arab Emirates. An Architect Ahead of her Time

Architect Zaha Hadid is known all over the world for breaking the statics of architecture in her projects. Her buildings have special plasticity; forms are fluid, walls vibrate, obeying invisible lines of movement. Each of the buildings created by Zaha Hadid has a unique artistic image and recognisable creative style. Into architecture, she brought not just "curves" of form but a completely tangible movement of matter. Best known for her work on the Guggenheim Museum in New York, she also left a significant creative mark in the Arab world. Her projects, which can be summarised under the term "architecture of the future", have found their place in 45 countries of the world and, of course, organically fit into the dynamically developing United Arab Emirates. Zaha Hadid created a unique author's style, recognisable all over the world. She did not try to fit architecture into space. She herself created this space and always went beyond the generally accepted. When asked by a journalist what the most challenging thing for her in the work of an architect was, Zaha Hadid replied: "Explaining to other people that, although they are used to rectangular buildings, this is far from the only way to conquer space". Hadid left most of her artistic legacy where she was born - in the Middle East. Her unique architecture and design have made a significant contribution to contemporary art and allowed us to raise our understanding of the possibilities of modern architecture to a new level.

ЗРИТЕЛЬ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ВИРТУАЛЬНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПЛАНЕТАРНОЙ ОПТИКИ

ЗРИТЕЛЬ В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ВИРТУАЛЬНОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ: ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПЛАНЕТАРНОЙ ОПТИКИ

The 8-year single-center experience of telescoping flow diverter for complex intracranial aneurysms treatment

ObjectiveTreatment of complex intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is still a challenging thing and this study aims to summarize the experience of telescoping flow diverters (FDs) in treating complex intracranial aneurysms. MethodBetween April 2013 to November 2020, 381 IA cases treated by flow diverters (FD) were retrieved from the database of 4988 IA cases, and finally 20 cases treated by telescoping FDs were enrolled for further analysis. ResultAmong 20 patients, 15 patients (75.0%) received Tubridge telescoping while 5 patients (25.0%) received PED telescoping. The technical success rate was 100%. The immediate occlusion results were: 7 cases of OKM grade A (35.0%), 11 cases of OKM grade B (55.0%), and 2 cases of OKM grade C (10.0%). No perioperative complications occurred. The clinical follow-up was available in 20 patients (100%) and the follow-up time was 6–96 months. One patient developed massive infarction and the other 19 patients were range between 0 and 2. The angiographic follow-up was available in 17 patients (85%) and the follow-up time was 6–27 months. The occlusion results were: 1 case of OKM grade B (5.9%), 6 cases of OKM grade C (35, 0.3%), and 10 cases of OKM grade D (58.8%). 2 patients (11.8%) developed occlusion of the patent artery. ConclusionTelescoping flow diverters showed low perioperative complications and high IA occlusion rate when treating complex intracranial aneurysms in follow-up time, which provides an alternative manner beyond conventional strategy for neurosurgeons.

Seminars AATS International Roundtable of Lung Transplantation for COVID-19

Seminars AATS International Roundtable of Lung Transplantation for COVID-19

Delay aware downlink resource allocation scheme for future generation tactical wireless networks

<span lang="EN-US">For a very long time protecting physical border integrity is considered to be a challenging thing. Government organizations must provide trade operations for economic growth and at the same time must prevent malicious activity. A different resource such as drones, sensors, and radars are used for monitoring border areas which must be communicated to the remote border security force. Efficient wireless communication is required for communicating information. However, these devices cannot connect to a centralized network directly; thus, are connected in an ad-hoc fashion to connect centralized server. Different tactical network applications require different quality of service (QoS); hus efficient resource scheduling plays a very important role. Existing resource scheduling adopting deep learning and reinforcement techniques fails to meet the quality of experience (QoE) of the user and doesn’t assure access fairness among contending users. Further, require network information in prior and induce high training time. For overcoming research issues, this paper presents a delay-aware downlink resource scheduling (DADRA) technique for future generation networks. The optimization problem of reducing buffer overflow and improving scheduling QoS performance is solved using a genetic algorithm with an improved crossover function. Experiment outcome shows DADRA achieves much better throughput, slot utilization, and packet failure performance when compared with standard resource allocation technique.</span>

Performance optimization of a passively articulated mobile robot by minimizing maximum required friction coefficient on rough terrain driving

Though trainability (TA) and maneuverability (MA) are widely used for performance evaluations of mobile robots designed for rough terrain driving, we still have more challenging thing that has not yet been done before. That is experimental validation of the fact that the TA and MA can be simultaneously improved by design optimization which minimize the maximum required friction coefficient (MRFC) for the rough terrain driving robot. To this end, kinematics-based contact analysis and kineto-statics-based optimal torque distribution are performed to calculate RFC profile of a mobile robot on three-dimensional rough terrain. Based on these procedures, design optimization is carried out using MRFC as its cost function, and the results are validated through both Recurdyn simulation and field experiments. Two versions of the robot with initial and optimal dimensions are manufactured, to directly compare every result from the analysis. As results, it has been confirmed that the peak RFC was decreased by 21.8% from 0.174 to 0.136, TA was decreased by 10.7% from 10.3 Nm to 9.2 Nm, and MA was decreased by 26.7% from 29.2 mm to 21.4 mm. Also, the significance of this optimization strategy is verified under various conditions through Recurdyn simulations.

Cyclodextrins based delivery systems for macro biomolecules

Macro biomolecules are of vital importance in regulating the biofunctions in organisms, in which proteins (including peptides when mentioned below) and nucleic acids (NAs) are the most important. Therefore, these proteins and NAs can be applied as "drugs" to regulate the biofunctions from abnormal to normal. Either for proteins and NAs, the most challenging thing is to avoid the biodegradation or physicochemical degradation before they reach the targeted location, and then functions as complete functional structures. Hence, appropriate delivery systems are very important which can protect them from these degradations. Cyclodextrins (CDs) based delivery systems achieved mega successes due to their outstanding pharmaceutical properties and there have been several reviews on CDs based small molecule drug delivery systems recently. But for biomolecules, which are getting more and more important for modern therapies, however, there are very few reviews to systematically summarize and analyze the CDs-based macro biomolecules delivery systems, especially for proteins. In this review, there were some of the notable examples were summarized for the macro biomolecules (proteins and NAs) delivery based on CDs. For proteins, this review included insulin, lysozyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA), green fluorescent protein (GFP) and IgG's, etc. deliveries in slow release, stimulating responsive release or targeting release manners. For NAs, this review summarized cationic CD-polymers and CD-cluster monomers as NAs carriers, notably, including the multicomponents targeting CD-based carriers and the virus-like RNA assembly method siRNA carriers.