Resource Challenges Research Articles

PERAN PERENCANAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DALAM ANALISIS PEKERJAAN DAN REKRUTMEN

Human resource planning in the industrial revolution of the society 5.0 era must be carried out carefully, strategically and effectively in responding to the challenges of human resources that have flexibility that changes very quickly. The purpose of this research is to provide an explanation of the study of the role of human resource planning in job analysis and recruitment of human resources within the company, namely by formulating human resource planning steps based on job analysis and explaining the importance of job analysis in developing recruitment and workforce development strategies, and evaluating human resource planning effectively and efficiently by making continuous improvements to the human resource planning that has been arranged in accordance with the vision and mission of the Company. The research method used is descriptive analytical method obtained from secondary data sources taken from journals, articles and books using a qualitative research approach to literature study. The results of this study indicate that HR planning based on job analysis can provide a strategic advantage in managing the workforce in the company so that human resource planning in this study has an important role in job analysis and job analysis provides a strong basis for developing HR strategies, from recruitment to company development

Lifecourse research in cancer: context, challenges, and opportunities when exploring exposures in early life and cancer risk in adulthood

As the global population ages, and rates of modifiable risk factors for cancer change, cancer incidence and mortality continue to increase. While we understand many modifiable risk factors related to diet, nutrition, bodyweight, and physical activity in adulthood that influence cancer risk, how exposure during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood impacts cancer risk is less clear. This is partly because the timeline from initial mutation to cancer development and diagnosis can span several decades. This long latency period creates methodological, ethical, and financial issues; as well as resource and feasibility challenges in the design, implementation, and data analysis of lifecourse studies. As such, the large majority of lifecourse studies are observational, often using recall data which has inherent bias issues. Concurrently, a new research era has begun, with mature birth cohort studies that are phenotyped/genotyped and can support studies on adult cancer risk. Several studies and consortia contain information spanning the lifecourse. These resources can support association, mechanistic and epigenetic investigations into the influences of multi-disciplinary (e.g. genetic, behavioural, environmental) factors, across the lifecourse and critical time periods. Ultimately, we will be able to produce high-quality evidence and identify how/when early life risk factors impact cancer development and survival.

Antiretroviral Use for HIV Prevention During Pregnancy: The Need to Strengthen Regulatory and Surveillance Systems in Africa.

HIV-prevention efforts focusing on women of child-bearing potential are needed to end the HIV epidemic in the African region. The use of antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a critical HIV prevention tool. However, safety data on new antiretrovirals during pregnancy are often limited because pregnant people are excluded from drug development studies. Calls from communities, healthcare professionals, and regulators to improve the information supporting decision-making around the use of medical products during pregnancy have been increasing. Post-marketing safety surveillance is an essential tool for detecting adverse outcomes and evaluating real-world, longer-term effects of drugs. Detecting and evaluating uncommon pregnancy outcomes requires large sample sizes, highlighting the benefits of and need for safety surveillance. Surveillance systems vary widely across Africa, and the need for enhanced surveillance of PrEP use during pregnancy highlights the limitations of current regulatory and surveillance systems. Challenges include weak regulation and insufficient resources. Pooling of resources and regulatory harmonization could address resource challenges. The African Medicines Agency, as a specialized agency of the African Union, has the potential to improve African medical product regulation, including post-marketing safety surveillance. This can strengthen regulation and ensure that market authorization holders meet their responsibility to invest in post-marketing surveillance systems, such as pregnancy registries. At the same time, independent post-marketing studies are needed to ensure generation of essential safety data. The Forum for Collaborative Research has initiated a project to facilitate interactions between regulators in Africa, the USA, and Europe, as well as other stakeholders, and to work toward consensus on safety data generation from PrEP during pregnancy before and after marketing authorization.

Conceptualizing Circular Economy – An Orientation for Sustainable Development of the Indian Economy

The concept of a circular economy is emerging as a sustainable alternative to the traditional linear economy. This paper explores its potential for India, a rapidly developing economy facing environmental and resource challenges. Transitioning to a circular economy, focusing on reusing, recycling, remanufacturing, and refurbishing, can reduce environmental impacts, save resources, and create new economic opportunities. India's rapid industrialization and urbanization can be addressed with the help of a circular model dealing with the issues of waste management, availability of scarce resources, and hence pollution. Policy interventions, the inputs of technology advancements, and inter-sectored collaboration need the support of government incentives and investment. Thus, India can create a sustainable and resilient economy for the future. Research Methodology: This research paper is essentially descriptive in its methodology based upon secondary information provided through relevant articles and web sources. Keywords: Circular Economy, Sustainable Development, Reuse, Recycling, Remanufacturing, Refurbishment, Waste management, Resource Scarcity, Social Equity, Circularity.

INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM (IES) FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY IN KARAIKAL, UNION TERRITORYOF PUDUCHERRY

In India, small and marginal farmers, comprising 85% of the farming community, are pivotal to the rural economy. Addressing the rising demands amidst agricultural resource scarcity requires a holistic approach like Integrated Farming System (IFS). This method combines crop production, livestock, fishery, waste management, and poultry production synergistically. IFS boosts productivity, utilizes resources efficiently, and enhances food production, stabilizing income and ensuring nutritional security. A study in Karaikal district, Union Territory of Puducherry, which was an agricultural land and the entire farm revealed a benefit­cost ratio of 1.75, demonstrating IFS's potential in overcoming population growth and resource challenges.

Systemic inequities in alcohol licensing: Case studies in eight Aotearoa New Zealand communities.

Many countries, including Aotearoa New Zealand, have socioeconomic and ethnic inequities in alcohol outlet density, yet the potential contribution of alcohol licensing systems is almost unexplored. After licensing reforms in Aotearoa in 2012, community groups and Māori (the Indigenous people) continued to struggle to influence decisions, prompting calls for reform and authority for Māori reflecting Te Tiriti o Waitangi obligations. This study explored factors in the failure of public objections in under-resourced neighbourhoods. In a descriptive, multimethod qualitative study, we analysed eight decisions to grant off-licence approvals in socioeconomically deprived areas. Each licence was opposed. Hearing participants and local residents were interviewed. Data were thematically analysed to identify factors affecting objector influence, alignment with Indigenous rights and residents' awareness of alcohol issues and licensing processes. Residents identified relevant local harms but were largely unaware of opportunities to object. Objectors faced structural barriers to accessing and influencing hearings that were exacerbated by resource challenges, including travel costs, lost income, competing social issues and limited legal representation. Evidence of area deprivation supported objectors' arguments regarding risk, but a lack of official data on harms undermined them. Māori input was excluded by legal barriers and failures to recognise relevant rights and elements of culture. Structural barriers, including racism, restricted the influence of under-resourced communities and Māori in licensing decisions and weakened risk assessment, which may hinder community efforts to reduce their disproportionate exposure to alcohol outlets. Licensing systems should be reviewed from equity and Indigenous perspectives.

The Use of Blended Piano Teaching in Aba Teachers University

Abstract Background and Aim: This study aims to explore a blended piano teaching model within the unique geographical context of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. As the only higher education institution in the region, Aba Teachers University combines traditional and modern approaches in its music education to address the challenges of local culture and limited educational resources. This study aims to utilize Ding Talk within a blended teaching framework to enhance teaching effectiveness, support the preservation of local music culture, and provide a more flexible learning experience. The research addresses the gap in applying blended teaching models in Aba and aims to contribute to the local education system and cultural heritage. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 72 sophomore students, comprising 20 males and 52 females, majoring in musicology at the School of Music and Dance, Aba Teachers University. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with the experimental group receiving instruction using a blended piano teaching model, and the control group receiving traditional teaching methods. Students' performance in musical memory, technical proficiency, and musical understanding was assessed through pre-tests and post-tests. Results: It was found that blended piano teaching for college students in the Aba ethnic area led to a significant improvement in their performance. This approach not only enhanced their scores in musical memory, technical proficiency, and musical understanding but also provided a solid foundation for their future musical careers. Conclusion: This study found that Aba Teachers University, by combining a hybrid piano teaching model with both traditional and modern methods and utilizing Ding Talk, effectively enhanced teaching effectiveness, supported the heritage of local music and culture, and contributed new practical experiences to education and culture in the Aba region.

Impact of Urbanization on Water Resource Competition Between Energy and Food: A Case Study of Jing-Jin-Ji

Water resources, energy, and food are important resources in China, which play an important role in the process of urban development and are important basic resources for sustainable urban development. This study applied water footprint theory to water–energy–food relations. The regional integration of the Jing-Jin-Ji region faced new challenges during urbanization, and unified measures were applied to quantify the urban water demands and energy and food competition in the Jing-Jin-Ji region from 2003 to 2017. The index was used to evaluate the intensity of the competition for water for food and energy. The results indicated that from 2003 to 2017, the water footprint of grain production in the Jing-Jin-Ji region decreased from 30.984 billion m3 to 21.36 billion m3, of which the blue water footprint decreased from 13.032 billion m3 to 9.854 billion m3. The water footprint of energy production increased from 578 million m3 to 1.175 billion m3. The competition relation between cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji region was obtained according to the competition index, and corresponding measures were identified according to different competition levels. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers in designing sustainable urban development strategies for cities facing similar challenges of water resource, energy, and food competition during rapid urbanization.

Modified water balance model for groundwater recharge estimations using cloud integration

Groundwater recharge is an essential element of enhancing global water governance. This is conspicuous over areas like West Bengal, India, which face natural and manmade water resource challenges. This particular study aims at improving the estimation of groundwater recharge using the Modified Water Balance Model (MWBM), which has been integrated with Google Earth Engine (GEE) and high-resolution remote sensing data here in application for groundwater. The method used consists of MODIS land surface temperature and CHIRPS precipitation data efficiently maps groundwater recharge estimation for various districts of West Bengal. The MWBM utilizes the geospatial analytic capabilities of GEE and above calculations in MWBM in creating recharge estimations that are geographically referenced. The majority of the results showed significant differences in the spatial recharge characteristics of the aquifers across the study region. High recharge was found in Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri district because of the high rainfall but low and constant recharge potential in Bankura and Purba Bardhaman districts due to less permeable rock layers. Within MWBM, improvements in groundwater management include the use of remote sensing techniques as well as modernization of computational processes to enhance recharge estimates. The present study not only aims at improving the accuracy of recharge estimation methods but also suggests a workable approach in the context of water resource management plans.

Use of AI in Improving Writing Skills of Students in IELTS Preparatory Classes

With the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, traditional teaching techniques have received new ideas to improve learning. This research discusses how AI can be applied to enhance the IELTS writing performance of students in preparatory classes. Using artificial intelligence feedback tools, grammar checking tools, and learning tools for the learners, the study found out how the challenges of coherence, grammar, lexical resource, and task achievement in the IELTS test can be addressed or solved. The research is quantitative with writing assessments as instruments and qualitative data from interviews with students and teachers. Studies conclude that utilization of AI tools improves student performance through; real-time feedback, individual follow up, increasing student’s responsibilities and decreasing their reliance on tutors. However, the study also reveals limitation which may include; AI writing systems are unable to capture certain elements such as creativity and cultural background of any writing. This is equally so because the research identifies how AI can be an effective supplementary technique in the coverage of IELTS in a way that should not replace conventional techniques of teaching. This work adds to existing knowledge in the domain of AI use in learning, providing meaningful recommendations for educators and policymakers who strive to enhance English learning outcomes on high-stakes assessments.

Assessment of Scarcity, Toxicity, and Circularity Risks in the European Thermoelectric Market: A Focus on Tellurium, Antimony, Bismuth, and Lead

This study assesses supply risks for critical raw materials (CRMs) essential to Europe’s thermoelectric (TE) technology, which transforms heat into electricity. Given the EU’s heavy reliance on imports for key materials like tellurium, antimony, bismuth, and lead, the analysis incorporates market forecasting, scarcity quantification, and Monte Carlo simulations to model demand and supply risks. This study reveals that tellurium poses high risks due to scarcity and potential geopolitical impacts, with antimony and bismuth at moderate risk, and lead presenting notable health hazards. The findings suggest the necessity of circular supply chains and material alternatives to mitigate resource, environmental, and geopolitical challenges for sustainable TE development in Europe. Moreover, there is a pressing need to update and expand data availability for materials like tellurium to enable more robust risk assessments in the immediate future.

Enhancing Organizational Capacity of Regional Disaster Management Agencies (BPBD) for Effective Disaster Response in Bandung Regency

Bandung Regency is an area prone to natural disasters. The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bandung Regency needs to enhance its organizational capacity, as it serves as the primary government organization responsible for disaster management. This study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques consisting of observation, interviews, and documentation. The development of institutional capacity at BPBD Bandung Regency in disaster management is hindered by several factors, including a lack of transportation facilities and infrastructure, such as mobile toilets, disaster victim transport vehicles, and specialized equipment. Additionally, the agency faces challenges in human resources, as the personnel lack expertise in disaster management, while the budget to support operations remains limited. Furthermore, there is a need to strengthen cooperation with other institutions to achieve common goals. Other obstacles in enhancing BPBD's institutional capacity include overlapping regulations, which create ambiguity in implementing disaster response, and suboptimal organizational support from personnel. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that BPBD Bandung Regency requires significant improvement in its institutional capacity for disaster management. This can be achieved by fostering partnerships with the private sector, collaborating on human resource training, and enhancing direct supervision of operations.

Bifunctional Pd-Pt Supported Nanoparticles for the Mild Hydrodeoxygenation and Oxidation of Biomass-Derived Compounds.

The conversion of bio-based molecules into valuable chemicals is essential for advancing sustainable processes and addressing global resource challenges. However, conventional catalytic methods often demand harsh conditions and suffer from low product selectivity. This study introduces a series of bifunctional PdxPty catalysts supported on TiO2, designed for achieving selective and mild-temperature catalysis in biomass conversion. Synthesized via a sol immobilization method and characterized by XRF, N2 physisorption, HRTEM, HAADF-STEM, and XPS, these catalysts demonstrate superior selectivity and activity over monometallic counterparts. In fact, at 20 bar H2, Pt/TiO2 show a low selectivity in benzophenone hydrodeoxygenation, favoring the benzhydrol hydrogenation product; similarly, Pd/TiO2 preferentially form the diphenylmethane hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) product, but with slow conversion rates. The synergistic combination of the two metals in Pd4Pt1/TiO2 drastically improve performance, with 100 % benzophenone conversion and 73 % diphenylmethane selectivity. DFT calculations confirm the synergy between Pd and Pt as the key to drive the activity and selectivity. Additionally, the catalysts also demonstrate high recyclability with minimal performance loss, and have been generalized for the HDO of vanillin and furfural, and in HMF oxidation. Overall, this work highlights the potential of bimetallic catalysts in enabling efficient and selective bio-based molecule conversion under mild conditions.

Optimizing soil health through activated acacia biochar under varying irrigation regimes and cultivars for sustainable wheat cultivation.

Wheat, a staple food crop globally, faces the challenges of limited water resources and sustainable soil management practices. The pivotal elements of the current study include the integration of activated acacia biochar (AAB) in wheat cultivation under varying irrigation regimes (IR). A field trial was conducted in the Botanical Garden, University of the Punjab, Lahore during 2023-2024, designed as a split-split-plot arrangement with RCBD comprising three AAB levels (0T, 5T, and 10T, T = tons per hectare) three wheat cultivars (Dilkash-2020, Akbar-2019, and FSD-08) receiving five IR levels (100%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% field capacity). Biochar amended soil showed improved BET surface area, pore size, and volume. Carbon recovery (45%) and carbon sequestration capacity (49%) of 10T-AAB amended soil were better than non-amended soil (0.43% and 0.13%, respectively). The 10T-AAB amendment significantly improved the soil's microporosity and water retention capacity, increasing it by 1.1 and 2.2 times, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that a reduction in IR negatively affected plant growth and yield. The 10T-AAB levels significantly increased sugar contents (14%), relative water content (10-28%), membrane stability index (27-55%), and photosynthetic pigments (18-26%) of wheat leaves under deficit irrigation among all the cultivars. Maximum stress markers (catalase, proline, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) were observed from Akbar under 50% irrigation with 0T-AAB, and the least were observed from 50% irrigated Dilkash-2020 with 10T-AAB amended soil. Among cultivars, Dilkash-2020 was observed to be the best for maximum yield, followed by FSD-08 and Akbar-2019, respectively. When compared to other IR levels, 10T-AAB amended soil had the highest yield enhancement (12, 11, and 9.2 times for Dilkash-2020, FSD-08, and Akbar-2019, respectively). Hence, AAB enhanced wheat production by improving soil properties, drought resilience, and yield attributes.

Runoff simulation and hydropower resource prediction of the Kaidu River Basin in the Tianshan Mountains, China

The Tianshan Mountains of Central Asia, highly sensitive to climate change, has been comprehensively assessed for its ecosystem vulnerability across multiple aspects. However, studies on the region’s main river systems and hydropower resources remain limited. Thus, examining the impact of climate change on the runoff and gross hydropower potential (GHP) of this region is essential for promoting sustainable development and effective management of water and hydropower resources. This study focused on the Kaidu River Basin that is situated above the Dashankou Hydropower Station on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China. By utilizing an ensemble of bias-corrected global climate models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model coupled with a glacier module (VIC–Glacier), we examined the variations in future runoff and GHP during 2017–2070 under four shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) compared to the baseline period (1985–2016). The findings indicated that precipitation and temperature in the Kaidu River Basin exhibit a general upward trend under the four SSP scenarios, with the fastest rate of increase in precipitation under the SSP2-4.5 scenario and the most significant changes in mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, compared to the baseline period (1980–2016). Future runoff in the basin is projected to decrease, with rates of decline under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios being 3.09, 3.42, 7.04, and 7.20 m3/s per decade, respectively. The trends in GHP are consistent with runoff, with rates of decline in GHP under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios at 507.74, 563.33, 1158.44, and 1184.52 MW/10a, respectively. Compared to the baseline period (1985–2016), the rates of change in GHP under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios are −20.66%, −20.93%, −18.91%, and −17.49%, respectively. The Kaidu River Basin will face significant challenges in water and hydropower resources in the future, underscoring the need to adjust water resource management and hydropower planning within the basin.

Hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

To provide an overview of hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) activities in Latin America and the Caribbean, including the technologies assessed, resources utilized, evaluation methods employed, and challenges encountered. A scoping review focused on HB-HTA using frameworks from the Joanna Briggs Institute was conducted across databases and gray literature. Seventeen studies were identified, and another two documents were retrieved manually at a conference, totaling 19 files. Brazil emerged as a key player in HB-HTA activities in Latin America and the Caribbean, with public teaching hospitals leading the efforts. The primary focus of HB-HTA units was assessing medicines/pharmaceuticals and medical devices, using budget impact and cost-effectiveness/utility analyses as the main appraisal tools. The review also identified challenges such as limited human resources and financial support. The study highlights a growing interest in HB-HTA in Latin America and the Caribbean, driven primarily by public institutions. The findings underscore the need for tailored approaches to strengthen evidence-based decision-making in healthcare settings and address the challenges of the region's limited resources and financial constraints.

Toward Automated Scientific Discovery in Hydrology: The Opportunities and Dangers of AI Augmented Research Frameworks

ABSTRACTThis commentary explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to transform hydrological modelling workflows. We introduce a prototype AI‐assisted framework called INDRA (Intelligent Network for Dynamic River Analysis) that leverages a multi‐agent architecture composed of specialised large language models (LLMs) to assist in model conceptualization, configuration, execution, and interpretation. INDRA integrates with CONFLUENCE, a comprehensive modelling framework, to provide context‐aware guidance and automation throughout the modelling process. We discuss the opportunities and dangers of AI‐augmented research frameworks, emphasising the importance of maintaining human oversight while harnessing AI's potential to enhance efficiency, reproducibility, and scientific understanding. We argue that AI‐assisted workflows could democratise advanced hydrological modelling, enabling researchers worldwide to address critical water resources challenges, particularly in understudied regions. While acknowledging potential biases and risks, we advocate for responsible AI integration to catalyse a new paradigm in hydrological science.

Tantangan Kompetensi SDM dalam Menghadapi Era Digital: Sebuah Literatur Review

This article discusses the challenges of human resource (HR) competencies in the digital era, organizational strategies to enhance these competencies, and the roles of governments and educational institutions. The digital era demands HR to adapt to technological advancements and manage changes swiftly. Organizations need to provide training, continuous development, and create a work climate that fosters innovation. Meanwhile, governments and educational institutions play crucial roles in establishing ecosystems that support HR competency improvement. This research is supported by a literature analysis of 10 relevant scientific articles. The article also offers implementation strategy recommendations based on recent research findings.

Barriers to the provision of youth-friendly services for adolescents living with HIV and AIDS

Adolescents living with HIV and AIDS experience difficulties when they transition from pediatric clinics to adult clinics. People living with HIV and AIDS have been judged and stigmatized as promiscuous. Since adolescence is a challenging milestone with all the physical and emotional changes, adolescents become vulnerable to defaulting care and treatment at the clinic. In some health facilities, youth-friendly services are still not well implemented, despite the program being advocated for by the World Health Organization to reduce HIV. The study aimed to explore the barriers to the provision of youth-friendly services for adolescents living with HIV and AIDS in clinics in Gauteng Province, South Africa. An explorative descriptive and qualitative design was applied through in-depth interviews. Data were collected from 15 professional nurses in three clinics and analysed using the content analysis framework. The study's findings produced five themes: human resource challenges, inadequate space to provide the service, healthcare providers’ attitudes toward the provision of mixed services and an environment not conducive to the service. Healthcare providers displayed judgemental attitudes towards adolescents when they sought sexual and reproductive services at the clinics. The shortage of staff and resources hampered the provision of youth-friendly services to adolescents living with HIV and AIDS. Lack of privacy and confidentiality due to limited space in the clinics caused adolescents to default on their treatment as they are seen in the same space as adults. The study recommends a designated area for adolescents and youth separated from other clinic populations so that sexual and reproductive health topics can be discussed without fear of being identified by other people visiting the clinic. Moreover, more youth-inclusive environments in healthcare settings should be created.

TANTANGAN PERTAHANAN NASIONAL MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045

Golden Indonesia 2045 is a long-term vision launched to mark 100 years of Indonesian independence. This vision covers various aspects of development, including economic, social and defense. National defense policy is one of the key elements in ensuring the achievement of this vision, considering the importance of national stability and security as the foundation for sustainable development. This research aims to see the challenges in the aspect of national defense towards a golden Indonesia 2045 and the role of national defense in realizing a golden Indonesia 2045. The research method used is a literature study involving analysis of documents, books, journal articles and information from official websites. Indonesian national defense. The findings obtained by researchers in this research are that there are several challenges faced by Indonesian national defense such as Economic and Resource Challenges: Defense Budget Limitations and the Need for Military Modernization, Institutional and Bureaucratic Challenges: The Need for Reform of Defense Institutions and Bureaucracy and Budget Limitations and Priorities National: Balancing Economic Development and Defense Investment. Meanwhile, the role of national defense in realizing a Golden Indonesia 2045 is implementing Defense Diplomacy in the context of international cooperation in maintaining regional security and building national resilience and responding to non-conventional threats. Non-conventional threats such as terrorism, separatism, cyber attacks and climate change.