Chalk Board Research Articles

Effectiveness of Simulation Versus Video Instruction on Neonatal Resuscitation: A Randomized Control Trial

Birth asphyxia is a major global burden in newborn health care. The high neonatal mortality rate (25.4 deaths per 1000 live births) in India necessitates the need for concrete efforts to be taken to reduce these preventable deaths. Developing competence among nurses for conducting neonatal resuscitation can improve neonatal outcomes. To flourish as skilled personnel, nursing students must be taught effectively. Video and simulation-based instruction have been reported to be effective over a chalk board for inculcating knowledge and skills among students. The primary objective of the study was to compare simulation-based teaching on neonatal resuscitation vs. video instruction among undergraduate nursing students.

Influence of community dialogues on social accountability in the health system in Nairobi County, Kenya

Background: Social accountability encompasses a variety of strategies that enable citizens to express their concerns about the performance of health-care services. Community dialogues provide a forum for community engagement and participation in the health care system. However, there is little documentation on how it is used to improve social accountability within government community health structures. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of community dialogues on social accountability in Nairobi County, Kenya.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted that included in-depth interviews with key stakeholders purposively selected. A total of three focus group discussions with 23 participants, eight key informant interviews and document review of minutes were conducted. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis.Results: Findings showed that community dialogues were held quarterly. The forums were mostly used for education purposes with little evidence on community engagement. Minutes showed what the community health assistant and community health volunteer said to the community with minimal input from the community members. Feedback was a challenge because the health management team hardly attended community dialogues due to logistic and workload issues.Conclusions: There is need of practical strengthening community dialogues through use of tools like chalk board and community scorecard as advocated in the community health policy. However, in practice, these tools were hardly used resulting to missed opportunity for the community to voice their opinions on health services.

Функциональное состояние организма младших школьников при использовании электронных средств обучения

Aim: to provide a physiological hygienic basis and regulation for using interactive panels (IP) in class to ensure safe learning in the digital environment. Patients and Methods: the following goals were set: (1) to compare the effects of interactive panels versus school board on the functional state of the body (FSB) of schoolchildren; (2) to analyze FSB of schoolchildren after classes with various duration of IP use. FSB of schoolchildren (mental and visual performance) in classes with the use of IPs (experimental class, n=28) or a classic chalk board (control class, n=26) were compared. A complex of hygienic, physiological, and statistical methods was applied. Results: based on a comparative analysis of mental capacity (MC) indicators of two classes, the tendency of lessons with the use of IPs showed the obvious and excessive fatigue more commonly registered among first-grade pupils (p<0.05), and the number of characters viewed in tests was decreased. The integral performance indicator of the class team changed more significantly after lessons with the use of IPs, reflecting the prevalence of "unsatisfactory" and "poor" proportions of performed proofreading tests over the number of "excellent" and "good". The specified indicator in the experimental class, being twice as high at the beginning of the school day, became 2 times lower by the end of classes versus the control class. The decrease in the parameters of the critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF), indicating a deterioration in the functional state of the visual system, was more noticeable in the experimental class (p<0.01). The analysis of the average weekly MC indicators also revealed that the control class made fewer mistakes in the tests, they had significantly fewer signs of obvious and excessive fatigue. Conclusion: schoolchildren with unregulated use of IPs (versus the control class equipped with the classic chalk board) commonly had adverse indicators of mental and visual performance. The permissible time for the use of IPs during the lesson was justified, the excess of which leads to a significantly more negative trend among children’s FSB indicators. KEYWORDS: prevention, schoolchildren, hygienic regulations, excessive fatigue, interactive panels. FOR CITATION: Alexandrova I.E., Ayzatova M.V. Functional state of the body of elementary schoolchildren when using e-learning tools. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(2):157–163 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-2-157-163.

Ergonomic evaluation of ergonomically designed chalkboard erasers on shoulder and hand-arm muscle activity among college professors

Teaching professionals regularly use the chalk board eraser or duster throughout their life which leads to several unnoticed musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to provide an alternate design for the existing Indian model chalk board eraser, because current eraser design causes noticeable amount of biomechanical load on the wrist, hand and shoulder region when its frequency of usage was high and repetitive. Initially, pilot study was conducted through an online modified Nordic questionnaire among 60 college professors to identify the risky regions of the body due to the use of existing chalk board eraser. This was followed by an experimental trial using surface Electromyography Sensors (sEMG) in which the muscle behaviour was evaluated during the chalkboard erasing process employing three newly designed dusters and a traditional duster. The results revealed that Model A designed with a large palm rest to align the palm and the forearm had better usability and the musculoskeletal distress was reduced when compared with the traditional duster. Whereas Model C designed with slip guards to improve the gripping forces was found to have better performance rating after Model A. Model B provided with separate handle was found to be the worst performer when compared with the conventional duster. Results suggested that providing an improved palm rest and slip guards such as grooves reduces the musculoskeletal distress.

ІНТЕРАКТИВНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ НА УРОКАХ ГЕОГРАФІЇ

The formation of students’ geographical competence against the background of clarification and deepening of general geographical knowledge, skills and abilities, the formation of their own system of scientific judgments and values occurs during the study of geography. Students study a variety of geographical phenomena, processes, and patterns allowing understanding their dynamics and creating conditions for critical and sound analysis and comparison. Distance learning technologies include an individualized process of transfer and acquisition of knowledge, skills, abilities and methods for cognitive activity of students. Such techniques can be seen as a natural stage in the evolution of the traditional education system from chalk board to electronic board and computer technology. They provide the opportunity to conduct distance learning via the Internet; diversify the means of communication between student and teacher (e-mail, chat, forum, file sharing, etc.); activate the role of the teacher and exercise full control over the learning process; apply a multilevel testing system; Distance learning opens access to better; higher quality education for all participants in the learning process, but learning with the help of the Internet technologies is not sufficiently researched. This especially applies to the methodological development of educational support for e-learning courses, the operation of platforms for distance learning, the availability of professional staff, command of information technology for all participants in the educational process and more. The study compares the results of the formation of geographical knowledge in students in the control and experimental groups. The pedagogical conditions are substantiated and the main structural components of the organization of the process of formation of geographical knowledge in the institution of general secondary education are determined. Criteria and levels of formation of geographical knowledge of students in the learning process are determined. The effectiveness of the proposed teaching method in the implementation of distance education technologies using modern interactive platforms has been experimentally tested. The level of formation of cognitive interest of students in the process of studying the school course of geography in the 10th grade is determined. The analysis of results of control testing of pupils is made

Cover Picture: Sugar‐Based Polymers from d‐Xylose: Living Cascade Polymerization, Tunable Degradation, and Small Molecule Release (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2/2021)

D-xylose …. .. can be transformed into a polymerizable enyne sugar-based monomer, as shown in the cover picture. Chalked in are the achieved properties of the various degradable polymers. The polymerization evolves a D-xylose-derived monomer to a full polymer chain which can be decomposed under mild acidic conditions, as explained by Tae-Lim Choi et al. in their Research Article on page 849. The act of drawing rough ideas on a board, a practice chemists still enjoy, and the coming to fruition of those ideas on a molecular level are represented by the 2D chalk board transition to 3D polymer.

John McCutcheon

John McCutcheon

Use of Computer-aided Instruction for Effective Teaching and Learning of Physics in Secondary Schools in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State

Computers today are widely used to do many computations in a fraction of time; it would take most humans to do. The study is therefore set-up to find out if the use of computer-aided instruction would improve students’ performance in computer science in secondary schools. A quasi-experiment was carried out on forty (40) students from two (2) selected secondary schools in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State as sample. A pre-test-post-test method of data collection was adopted. Descriptive statistics was used. The pearson product moment correlation coefficient of internal consistency for conventional teacher oriented method and the computer aided instruction was 0.6231 which is an indication that difference exist between the two groups also from the test analysis and comparison, t¬-critical (t-crit) was greater than t-calculated (t-cal) i.e t-crit 1.73 > t-cal 0.18. Two hypothesis were tested at P0.05 level of significance using t-test analysis. The result of the findings showed that, students who learnt via computer-aided instruction performed better than those who learnt via the conventional teacher oriented instructions or the chalk board method. Also, male students performed better than the female students using computer-aided instruction. It is recommended that, computer-aided instruction should be used in schools to teach various concepts in computer science.

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among the under graduate students in selected arts and science college at Bangalore

A evaluative research study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among the under graduate students in selected arts and science college at Bangalore.objectives were to assess the existing level of knowledge regarding the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among the under graduate students in selected arts and science college at Bangalore by,to determine the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases by comparing pretest and posttest knowledge scores of under graduate students in selected arts and Science College at Bangalore,to find out the association between the pretest knowledge level of under graduate Students regarding the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases with their selected demographic variables. Conceptual frame work used was “Kings Theory of Goal Attainment” proposed by Imogene King in the year 1989. evaluvative research approach was selected with pre experimental one group pretest post test design. Non-Probability convenience sampling will be used to select the (50) under graduate students in selected arts college at Bangalore.a pre-test was administered by the means of a structured knowledge questionnaire. The structured Teaching Programme on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases was implemented for 60 minutes with the help of chalk board, Chart, as AV aids. After seventh day a post test was conducted by using a structured knowledge questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.The findings of that study shown that study demographic characteristics of under graduate students are discussed by gender, source of information, types of family.Out of 50 under graduate students considering the gender majority of them were 13 (26%) males and37 (74%) females.Considering the source of information majority 30(60%) are getting information about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases from mass media, 12(24%) from printed media, 7(14%) from health professionals minority 1(2%) are not having any sources of information.The posttest mean knowledge score was found higher (23.98) when compared with pretest mean knowledge score (9.58%). The statistical paired ‘t’ test indicated that enhancement in the mean knowledge scores and found to be significant at 5% level for all the aspects under study. The association between the demographic variables and pre-test knowledge scores was calculated using chi-square test at 0.05% (5%) level. The demographic variables analyzed in the study were gender, source of information, type of family. There is no significant association between gender and pret-test knowledge level of the under graduate students (X2= 1.30, P>0.05). There is no significant association between the pret-test knowledge score and sources of information (X2=0.53, P >0.05). There exist significant association between pre-test level of knowledge and type of family (X2= 7.72, P<0.05).

A Politics of Tenderness

BLACK GIRL: Linguistic Play opens to a scene: an airy stage with four raised black boxes of varying heights and lengths positioned throughout. Furthest upstage, a chalk board is mounted; neon drawi...

Conflicting Views among Supervisors during Off –Campus Teaching Practice Supervision at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana

This research examined conflicting views among supervisors during the Off-Campus teaching practice supervision at the University of Cape Coast. Sequential explanatory mixed method design was employed for the study and the multi-stage sampling technique and the proportionate stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. Questionnaires, focus group discussion guide, interview and document analysis guide were used to gather both qualitative and quantitative data for the study. The results were presented using tables, percentages, frequencies as well means and standard deviations. The areas of conflicting views among supervisors revealed by the study are; lesson note format, statement of lesson objectives , the way of displaying teaching and learning resources, chalk board summary, the classroom position of the teacher and finally the closure of the lesson. It was further revealed that the years of experience, the content knowledge of the supervisor and the supervisors’ own perception of teaching are some of the factors influencing supervisors’ remarks. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Teaching Practice Unit should come out with one accepted way of dealing with the areas where there are conflicting views and such method should be emphasized during micro teaching.

HIV Pathogenesis: Abstracts from the March 2017 Cleveland Immunopathogenesis Consortium Meeting

The Cleveland Immunopathogenesis Consortium (CLIC) was launched in March 2004 by a small group of investigators (Ron Bosch, Jason Brenchley, Steven Deeks, Danny Douek, Zvi Grossman, Robert Kalayjian, Clifford Harding, Michael Lederman, Leonid Margolis, Miguel Quinones, Benigno Rodriguez, Rafick Sekaly, Scott Sieg, and Guido Silvestri) who were increasingly persuaded that immune activation was an important driver of HIV pathogenesis. We met around a chalk board and scribbled our models of pathogenesis, designed some experiments then went back home to do them. We met again soon to review our new and unpublished findings that refined and shaped these models. The data presentations were short, informal and heavy on discussion. The model worked well, the consortium was productive and the meetings catalyzed numerous collaborations and scores of high impact papers. The CLIC (less formally, the Bad Boys of Cleveland [1]) has been meeting regularly since then. Consortium membership has expanded to include other investigators (some are listed in the presentations below). Whether the goal is to prevent the morbid complications of HIV infection, to understand the determinants of HIV persistence or the factors that protect from acquisition of infection, a more clear understanding of HIV immunopathogenesis is central. Here in this issue of Pathogens and Immunity is a brief summary of the most recent CLIC//BBC meeting held in Cleveland in March 2017.

Perception and preferences of teaching and learning methods among second year medical students: a cross sectional survey in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Imparting a large amount of knowledge within a limited time period in a way it is retained, remembered and effectively interpreted by a medical student is considered to be a challenge which has resulted in crucial changes in the medical educational field, with a shift from didactic teacher centered and subject based teaching to the use of interactive, problem based, student centered learning. Learning styles and approaches of each medical undergraduate vary considerably and their learning needs also differ individually. The objective of the study was to assess the perception of 2 nd year medical students towards teaching and learning methods, to know their preferences among 3 commonly used audio visual teaching methods chalk and board (CB), power point teaching (PPT) and over-head projector (OHP), to explore the most influencing qualities of a teacher perceived by these medical undergraduates. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted among 2 nd year medical students of AIMS, B. G. Nagar, Karnataka, India. A pre-designed, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Total respondents were 184. Among them 116 were females (63.04%) and 68 were males (36.95%). All were within the age group of 19-21 years. Chalk and board (64%) was the most preferred teaching method. 76.63% students felt that chalk board facilitates interaction between students and teacher, 69.56% perceived that diagrams can be easily copied, 67.39% opined that clinical problems can be solved better. However to demonstrate the clinical conditions (70.65%) and covering more subject per lecture (59.23%) students preferred ppt teaching. The preferred learning method in our study was small group discussion (29%) followed by tutorials (27%), self-study (23%) and lectures (16%). Approachability (54.89%) of a teacher towards students, good teaching skills (50.54%) and knowledge towards the subject (45.65%) are the most influencing qualities of a teacher perceived by these medical undergraduates. Conclusions: Chalk and board teaching remains the best preferred teaching aid which can be supplemented with PPT and OHP to improve medical teaching. Small group discussion is the most preferred learning method when compared with tutorial, student’s seminar and lectures indicating that students are more interested in active teaching and learning methods.

Einsatz von Wandtafel und Kreide im DaF-Unterricht an Universität Oran2

The Use of blackboard and chalkboard in Deutsch lessons at The University of Oran2&#x0D; The blackboard remains the most important medium not only at school, but also at university, it is available in every classroom, it is and will always remain the only teaching tool that is available in all classrooms and ist use for teaching forign languages is rather inevitable. The blackboard and chalk have their importance in Deutsch lessons and their topicality at Oran2 University and at this point it was shown through this paper that studenst and teachers still make use of the blackboard and chalk although other reactions have been noticed, namely the appeal to the new technology as a medium for Deutsch instruction. The main question was for all those learning a foreign language, in particular those teaching Deutsch at Oran2 university. Apart from teaching books, what type of medium do you refer to in your classes, and for each medium, how do you use it? The results of these questioning showed that the chalkboard is the most popular method and an effective teaching tool for learning the German language because it encourages the students to get involved in the teaching/learning process and promote their motivation. This allows for the exchange of ideas and information and creates a good climate for learning. The learners can thereby consolidate their knowledge, although they have different problems, like Chalk dust, etc. As such, the chalk board was considered as an optional for teacher.and in order to support the achievement of the learning objective with this medium, the students must be familiar with it.

Making Teaching through Technology Possible Amidst the Challenges of Rural Impoverishment: A Case Study

Globalization has taken the central place in all the activities of the world. Education and schooling as the most prominent areas in the definition of nations are under pressure to compete favorably in the whole world. Technology is the way to go in teaching and learning, an expectation placed upon all irrespective of where the school is and where education should take place. Most schools that are in poor areas experience a dire shortage of facilities. The absence of basic teaching and learning facilities like the chalk board, and even classrooms makes the thought about computers and other technological services impossible to imagine. Teachers have to learn to make do with what is available to make teaching and learning possible. In spite of the levels of abject poverty, 99% of the learners possess cell phones and that also goes for all the teachers in the school where the research was conducted. A case study was suitable because of the proposition that cell phones are underutilized in under sourced schools. The sample was chosen conveniently through purposive sampling. The study draws from the cognitive approach theory using qualitative approach. Semi instructed interviews were used as the main instrument for data collection. Follow up telephonic contact was made where it became necessary. Observations of lesson presentations and analysis of some documents were undertaken. Results show that the learners participated more and teachers reported that they look forward to going to class. Cell phones present new and refreshing experience to both secondary learners and teachers. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n14p312

A lecture in medical physiology- PowerPoint versus chalkboard

Background and objectives: Various teaching methodologies have been utilized in medical education, chalk board once was a staple of classrooms, but PowerPoints are now standard in most medical schools. Objectives were a) to understand the student perspective on the use of different teaching modes in Medical Physiology b) to rate the effectiveness of lectures by different modes of teaching. Method: A lecture in physiology was delivered to two batches of First year of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of surgery (I MBBS) students. For one batch of students the lecture was delivered using PowerPoint, for the second batch of students, the same content was taught using a chalk board. A multiple choice question examination was conducted before (Pre-test) and after (Post-test) delivering the lecture. The students were given a questionnaire to choose between the chalkboard (CB) or PowerPoint (PPT) method for the various attributes. Results: It was observed that students scored better in the post-test examination, and no significant difference in score was seen between PowerPoint or chalkboard. According to the students, the attributes ―clarity of words‖ (67%), ―stress on important points‖ (52%) and ―summarizations‖ (80%) were best dealt with PowerPoint and chalk board based lectures gave better ―clarity of concepts‖ (71%), ―learning to draw diagrams‖ (67%), ―better understanding of the subject‖ (59%), ―easier note taking‖ (55%). The preferred method for delivering lectures was CB (51%). Conclusion: Lectures could be improved by utilizing a combination of both chalkboard and PowerPoint, as they each have their own advantages.

From Rockstar Researcher to Selfless Mentor: A Daughter's Perspective

Carlos Castillo-Chavez's tenure at Cornell University with Simon Levine, also marks the beginning of my life as his daughter. I was nine months old when I arrived to Ithaca, and my recollections of my father in elementary school and middle school were of him furiously writing equations at his desk, or outside on the chalk board in our shed, or on napkins, notepads or anything he could get his hands on at restaurants; but more likely than not, away. When I was young, my father was becoming the researcher that today makes him a three-time Presidential honoree, a member of Barak Obama's Presidential Committee on the National Medal of Science, and of course, the purpose of this volume. Even in those early days, he was away a lot--either traveling to conferences or increasingly as an invited lecturer, or at the office. Of course, I was still (and am) a daddy's little girl, bonded forever by a shared obsession with the same movies (The Godfather, My Name is Nobody, The Man from Snowy River); the same TV shows (Law and Order); and all things sports related, but I also knew that my father was a very busy man and his time was limited. So I would watch him work, often with my own little extra homework he would give me to keep me entertained, peck him on the check and let him know that I would take over his job when I was old enough.

From Rockstar Researcher to Selfless Mentor: A Daughter's Perspective

Carlos Castillo-Chavez's tenure at Cornell University with Simon Levine, also marks the beginning of my life as his daughter. I was nine months old when I arrived to Ithaca, and my recollections of my father in elementary school and middle school were of him furiously writing equations at his desk, or outside on the chalk board in our shed, or on napkins, notepads or anything he could get his hands on at restaurants; but more likely than not, away. When I was young, my father was becoming the researcher that today makes him a three-time Presidential honoree, a member of Barak Obama's Presidential Committee on the National Medal of Science, and of course, the purpose of this volume. Even in those early days, he was away a lot--either traveling to conferences or increasingly as an invited lecturer, or at the office. Of course, I was still (and am) a daddy's little girl, bonded forever by a shared obsession with the same movies (The Godfather, My Name is Nobody, The Man from Snowy River); the same TV shows (Law and Order); and all things sports related, but I also knew that my father was a very busy man and his time was limited. So I would watch him work, often with my own little extra homework he would give me to keep me entertained, peck him on the check and let him know that I would take over his job when I was old enough.

The Case against Educated Mathematical Dogma (Precise Mathematical Pi Value by Finite Equation =3.14159292035) 3+(1/(7+1/16)) Precise Finite Value

The relevance of this paper to current approximate mathematics and the sciences is a massive change, because this mathematics binds numbers in the rationality of a finite space of the primordial constriction from 4 to 3 coordinates, which leads to a specific calculable mathematical π, correct trigonometry, and the divergence of 1:3, and the placement of all prime numbers. We have also separately produced the continuous Prime number sieve at 1/3, 2/3, 5/ 6 and 1/6 (den- otter continuous sieve of Prime numbers). The method of the sieve is impossible for current mathematics to understand as the discoverer is uneducated and hard to comprehend except by chalk board. It is a continuous sieve accurate till billions. There has never been in the history of mathematics the mathematical derivation of the π value by precise mathematics of space constriction of value 4 to value 3. Current acceptable π value is by dogma and tradition and is not correct except by dogma, and does not have a pure mathematical derivation. Words like transcendental, are a dogma, and approximate mathematics.

The Use of ICT in Education: Focus on Nigeria

The use of ICT in educational settings is a catalyst for change. The paper has sought to explore the role of ICT in education as we progress into the 21st century. The first phase focuses on the conceptual framework of the use of ICT in education. In this model the dependent variable is education and its sub variables are educational level of teachers and students which is directly affected by the independent variables which are the use of ICTs, ICT infrastructure and staff development. The second phase is the pilot study to answer two major questions: (i) Is ICT mandatory or voluntary at your institutions? (ii) What are the greatest barriers to using ICT to you as an academician? The results show that majority of the academic staff (86%) responded that ICT is mandatory. However, the survey revealed that most of the part-time lecturers ticked the use of ICT as voluntary. Some of these part-time lecturers in the cadre of professors, responded to Q32 as (do not fit my program). Actually in their dispensation, lecturing was done using the chalk board only. The research confirms that two major barriers affect the use of ICT; they are lack of time to use ICT the systems and training opportunities. Respondents on these are 38% and 32% respectively. Based on these findings, the paper recommended that, all employed teachers in Federal, State and Private institutions should undertake mandatory training and retraining on ICT programmers. The government should develop ICT policies and guidelines for the application of ICT in education.