Objectives: Based on the severity of COVID-19, China chose nucleic acid testing capability as the first tool to identify and block viruses. To this end, a need is felt to observe whether China's nucleic acid testing capacity was adequate during the pandemic, whether the testing process was convenient, and the testing behavior helped the Chinese government and citizens to prevent virus. Methods: A comprehensive research method, with historical and analytical approach, was used. The data was collected form authentic sources including the medical bulletins and disclosures of the Chinese government. All this information was integrated and synthesized to analyzed the state-of-art of the technological progress and the operating modes of nucleic acid testing. Results: The findings reveal that China was too quick to realize the adequacy of the supply of nucleic acid testing reagents, the convenience of testing, and the accuracy of testing technology, as the Chinese government stipulated strict regulations for nucleic acid test. Conclusion: The nucleic acid test can achieve the goal of rapidly detecting infected people and cutting off the chain of virus transmission. However, the implementation of nucleic acid testing over a long period of time and on a large scale will also encounter a variety of resistance, which needs to be rationally viewed.