Linkage Chain Research Articles

A Method for the Identification of Planar Linkage Chains

For every planar linkage chain with turning-pairs only, there is a corresponding set of identification numbers consisting of link assortment, joint assortment, link adjacent polynomial, joint adjacent polynomial, linkage incident polynomial, and linkage structural polynomial. These numbers can be used for the identification of a linkage chain and for the testing of the isomorphism of unknown linkage chains.

Structural synthesis of planar linkage chains with multiple joints

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Abstract By the applications of the definitions of vertex and edge in graph theory and the term multiple‐joint‐polygon defined in this paper, two direct and systematic methods, namely method of increasing joints and method of combining joints, are proposed for the generations of all possible planar n bars linkage chains with multiple joints.

Quantitative evaluation of surface shape of medium size optical paraboloidal reflectors

A kinematic chain guided pneumatic displacement gauge system has been proposed to determine quantitatively the surface shape of medium size paraboloidal reflectors. Linear motion lower kinematic pairs have been synthesized in the form of kinematic linkage chain which generates the parabolic curve of predetermined geometry to be used as reference for observation purposes.

A computer program for kinematic analysis of three-dimensional cascaded linkage chains

The KIN program analyses the motion of three-dimensional cascaded linkage chains consisting of combinations of four-bar linkage units, axial translation units, and sliders (units confined to motion along a fixed line). Motion can be simulated for any combination of geometrical parameters. The model, the program, input-output features and an application are described. The program is written in PL/1, and can be run in either batch or conversational mode.

Schleim aus der Braunalge Nemacystus decipiens, Mozuku

The mucilage extracted from a edible brown seaweed Nemacystus decipiens, Mozuku, with hot water was investigated. The main ingredients of the mucilage was a sulphated polysaccharide which precipitated with ethanol at concentration 50_??_55% or with CPC. This mucilage contained small quantity of mannit, algin, laminaran, total nitrogen, and others except inorganic salts. The sulphated polysaccharide purified partially by means of decomposition of CP-polysaccharide complex by using of KCl was composed of L-fucose (46.9%), galactose, xylose, SO4 (35.2%), K (12.7%), but no uronic acid. Molar ratio of L-fucose:galactose:xylose:SO4 was 1:0.04:0.04:1.27. This polysaccharide showed specific rotation [α]15D-191.2°, absorption at 1240 and 850cm-1 on IR-spectrum, and was separated two components by electrophoresis. In view of these results, it is considered that this polysaccharide is a typical fucoidan which has the main chain of α-glycosidic linkage and join the sulphate as acidic ester mainly on the C-4 atom of L-fucose.

Antibiotic Polymers: α-Aminobenzyl-penicilln (Ampicillin)

Abstract Ampicillin (α-aminobenzylpenicillin) partially degrades and polymerizes spontaneously in aqueous solution to yield ordered marcromolecules with molecluar weight varying between 1000 and over 5000. As studied by spectrometry (UV, IR and NMR), chemical and microbiological reactivity, the polymers are formed at least in part by subunits of intact ampicillin and its pencilloic acid derivative, the proportion of the latter increasing with molecullar weight. The resulting dimers, trimers and polymers vary in configuration according to which of serveral functional groups establish covalent bonds with each other but show in general a partial loss of cyclic structure with preservation of the aromatic side chain and formation of new peptide linkages between subunits.

Studies on the morphology and function of the skull in the Boidae (Serpentes). II. Morphology and function of the jaw apparatus in Phython sebae and Python molurus.

AbstractHeads of the boid snakes Python sebae and Python molurus were dissected and the arthrology, myology and dentition studied. Living specimens of these species were observed and their feeding behavior analyzed by means of high‐ and regular‐speed motion pictures. Camera speeds of up to 400 frames per second permitted examination of the jaw movements during the striking and seizing of prey. Motion picture studies conducted at regular speeds provided information on cranial movements during the swallowing of prey. The morphology of the head was correlated with observed movements in an attempt to analyze the functional and adaptive implications of the jaw apparatus.The cranial apparatus was discussed in terms of a linkage or kinematic chain whose constrainment and degrees of freedom were examined and compared with the jaw linkage of lizards. It was concluded that the very rigidly constrained mechanism in lizards is in remarkably sharp contrast to the very loose apparatus in snakes.Motions of various cranial bones were analyzed with particular attention given the mechanical factors involved. In full protraction the maxillae and palatines are lifted and rotated outward about a longitudinal axis. These movements are important in orienting the teeth with respect to the prey and are related to seizing and swallowing.

The antiseptic properties of the amino derivatives of styryl and anil quinoline

Previous communications have dealt with the antiseptic properties of compounds of the pyridine, quinoline, acridine and phenazine series, and also of the apocyanine, carbocyanine, and isocyanine groups, the object being to investigate relationships between chemical constitution and antiseptic properties. The following work comprises the preparation and examination of a large number of styryl and anil quinoline compounds, considerable variations in chemical structure being involved. The authors have previously drawn attention* to the possible influence of a particular chemical grouping consisting of a chain of alternate double linkages joining two nitrogen atoms, one being basic and trivalent, and the other the pentavalent nitrogen of a quaternary ammonium group. This arrangement is present in acriflavine (2.7 diamino acridine methochloride), and also in the cyanines, in all of which the antiseptic action is not diminished by the presence of serum. As shown by the graphic formulæ, the styryl compounds also include a similar system, whereas in the anils an additional nitrogen atom is interposed in the connecting chain in place of a —CH= group. This system will be subsequently described as the “ alternate linkage system.”