CET Group Research Articles

Comparison of 2-year-results of mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy with or without cataract extraction in glaucoma patients

PurposeComparison of the 2-year results of phacotrabeculectomy (CET) and trabeculectomy (TE), both augmented with mitomycin C. MethodsThis prospective study enclosed 246 eyes in 246 consecutive patients that had undergone trabeculectomy (n = 85) or phacotrabeculectomy (n = 161, hereof n = 10 phacoretrabeculectomy) augmented by mitomycin C. Endpoints were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucomatous medications at baseline, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively. Postoperative management involved local steroid application and laser suture lysis according to a standardized protocol. ResultsBoth interventions reduced IOP statistically significant and stable. In the phacotrabeculectomy group BCVA improved from 0.45 ± 0.47 logMAR units preoperatively to 0.28 ± 0.54 logMAR units at 2 years (p < 0.001) and remained unchanged in the trabeculectomy group. After 2 years IOP reduced from 22.5 ± 7.2 mm Hg preoperatively to 11.5 ± 3.1 mm Hg in the TE group and from 20.0 ± 5.4 mm Hg to 12.5 ± 4.8 mm Hg in the CET group (both p > 0.05). The mean number of antiglaucomatous medications was significantly reduced from 2 ± 1 in both groups to 0.3 in the trabeculectomy group and to 0.4 in the phacotrabeculectomy group. With this standardized surgical procedure and postoperative protocol, there was no need for local postoperative antimetabolites. No Tenon's capsule cysts developed. In the subgroup of patients with phacoretrabeculectomy BCVA and IOP improvements were comparable to the phacotrabeculectomy group outcomes. ConclusionsPhacotrabeculectomy is comparably as effective as trabeculectomy alone in reducing IOP and the need for antiglaucomatous medication over a time interval of 2 years. We found indications that this favourable therapeutic effect is also true for patients needing phacoretrabeculectomy treatment.

The Effects of a 12-Week Combined Exercise Training Program on Arterial Stiffness, Vasoactive Substances, Inflammatory Markers, Metabolic Profile, and Body Composition in Obese Adolescent Girls.

Childhood and adolescent obesity is a major international public health crisis. It is crucial to prevent the negative effects of obesity at an early age by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. We evaluated the effects of a combined resistance and aerobic exercise training (CET) regimen on arterial stiffness, vasoactive substances, inflammatory markers, metabolic profile, and body composition in obese adolescent girls. A total of 30 obese adolescent girls were randomly assigned to a CET (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). The CET group trained for 3 days per week. Plasma nitric oxide, endothelin-1, C-reactive protein, arterial stiffness, glucose, insulin, the adiponectin/leptin ratio, and body fat were measured before and after 12 weeks. There were significant increases (P < .05) in nitric oxide (4.0μM) and adiponectin/leptin ratio (0.33); and decreases (P < .05) in arterial stiffness (-1.0m/s), C-reactive protein (-0.5mg/L), glucose (-1.2mmol/L), insulin (-17.1μU/mL), and body fat (-3.6%) following CET compared with control. There were no significant changes in endothelin-1 after CET or control. The findings of this study indicate that CET improves arterial stiffness, nitric oxide, and inflammatory and metabolic markers in obese adolescent girls. CET may have important health implications for the prevention of atherosclerosis at an early age.

Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on circulating irisin and myostatin in untrained women

Background: Scientific literature suggests that different types of training can have different effects on secretion of irisin and myostatin.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise training (RET), aerobic exercise training (AET) and concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training (CET) on serum irisin and myostatin in untrained women.Methods: Thirty-five non-obese, untrained women were randomly assigned to control (n = 6, age 25.50 ± 4.80 years), RET (n = 10, age 24.60 ± 2.45 years), AET (n = 9, age 24.66 ± 2.29 years) or CET (n = 10, age 26.60 ± 4.00 years) groups. Subjects in training groups trained for 8 weeks, three times per week. The levels of serum irisin, myostatin were measured before and after the training period. Results: It was found that the CET group had significantly reduced serum irisin (p = .028) and myostatin (p = .005) concentrations. The myostatin concentration was also significantly decreased in the RET group (p = .008). Conclusion: CET, AET or RET were not effective for improving (increase) irisin circulating level. In addition, RET and CET were more effective than AET in reducing circulating myostatin levels.

Cognitive remediation training improves performance in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

Neurocognitive disturbance with subjectively-impaired concentration and memory is a common, disabling symptom reported by patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We recently reported preliminary evidence for benefits of cognitive remediation as part of an integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)/ graded exercise therapy (GET) program. Here, we describe a contemporaneous, case-control trial evaluating the effectiveness of an online cognitive remediation training program (cognitive exercise therapy; CET) in addition to CBT/GET (n=36), compared to CBT/GET alone (n=36). The study was conducted in an academic, tertiary referral outpatient setting over 12 weeks (11 visits) with structured, home-based activities between visits. Participants self-reported standardized measures of symptom severity and functional status before and after the intervention. Those in the CET arm also completed standardized neurocognitive assessment before, and following, treatment. The addition of formal CET led to significantly greater improvements in self-reported neurocognitive symptoms compared to CBT/GET alone. Subjective improvement was predicted by CET group and lower baseline mood disturbance. In the CET group, significant improvements in objectively-measured executive function, processing speed, and working memory were observed. These subjective and objective performance improvements suggest that a computerized, home-based cognitive training program may be an effective intervention for patients with CFS, warranting randomized controlled trials.

Evaluation of conventional and frozen elephant trunk techniques on spinal cord blood flow in an animal model†

The treatment of patients with extensive thoracic aortic disease involving the arch and descending aorta is often performed using the frozen elephant trunk technique (FET). Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in cervical, thoracic and lumbar sections prior, during and after aortic arch surgery were compared in conventional elephant trunk (cET) and FET technique in a pig model. German Landrace pigs (75-85 kg) underwent aortic arch surgery using the FET (n = 8) or cET (n = 8) techniques. The E-vita Open hybrid stent graft was applied in all FET animals. Regional SCBF was measured 4 times: (i) before cardiopulmonary bypass, (ii) after 1 h, (iii) after 3 h, and (iv) after 6 h of reperfusion using fluorescence microspheres. Spinal cord segments were examined histopathologically and by immunohistochemistry. SCBF in FET decreased significantly from 0.13 ± 0.03 to 0.05 ± 0.02 ml/min/g after 1 h (P = 0.047). While at 3 h of reperfusion, SCBF increased and was comparable to baseline (0.09 ± 0.01 ml/min/g), beyond this time SCBF decreased again (0.05 ± 0.02 ml/min/g). A similar trend was found for SCBF in the cET group (baseline: 0.16 ± 0.04 ml/min/g, 1 h reperfusion: 0.02 ± 0.01 ml/min/g, 3 h reperfusion: 0.03 ± 0.01 ml/min/g and 6 h reperfusion: 0.02 ± 0.01 ml/min/g, P = 0.019). Cervical, thoracic and lumbar SCBF were also comparable in both groups. Histological analyses of spinal cord showed no differences in necrosis between cET and FET, while no differences were found for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and apoptosis-inducing factor. In contrast, oxidative stress and caspase-induced apoptosis were higher in cET versus FET. The SCBF changed significantly during extensive aortic arch surgery with circulatory arrest and moderate hypothermia, but such changes were comparable between the FET and cET groups. The implantation of hybrid stent graft did not influence SCBF in thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. The immunohistological examination showed no differences between cET and FET regarding ischaemic damage and hypoxia-induced effects in spinal cord segments.

A randomized phase II study to investigate the deepness of response (DpR) of FOLFOXIRI plus cetuximab (Erbitux) versus FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as the first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with RAS wild-type tumors: DEEPER.

TPS818 Background: The FIRE-3 study proved that early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and DpR were superior with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab (cet) compared to bevacizumab (bev) in mCRC patients with RAS wild-type tumors (Stintzing S, et al. Lancet Oncol 2016). A retrospective analysis of treatment groups between FOLFOXIRI plus anti-EGFR antibody and bev showed significantly better DpR and ETS in the anti-EGFR antibody group (48.6% vs. 37.8% for the median DpR; 40.8% vs. 26.4% for the median ETS)(Salvatore L, et al. ESMO 2014). However, there have been few studies comparing cet with bev in combination with the FOLFOXIRI regimen used as a platform. Therefore, it is great interest to investigate whether cet will be more beneficial than bev when combined with the triplet regimen as a promising treatment option. Methods: Key eligibility criteria are as follows: histologically proven unresectable metastatic/recurrent CRC; RAS wild-type tumors; patients who have not received any prior chemotherapies or patients with relapse after at least 12 months following adjuvant chemotherapy. Primary endpoint of this study is the DpR until progression. Key secondary endpoints are the ETS at Week 8, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. After randomization, patients receive up to 12 cycles of FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan: 150 mg/m2, oxaliplatin: 85 mg/m2, l-levofolinate: 200 mg/m2, continuous fluorouracil: 2400 mg/m2, every two weeks) plus cet (initial: 400 mg/m2, subsequent: 250 mg/m2, weekly) or bev (5 mg/kg, every two weeks) as induction treatment. Thereafter, fluorouracil, l-levofolinate, and cet or bev are administrated as maintenance treatment. Based on previous reports, the difference of 12.5% in the median DpR between the cet and bev groups was assumed. Each standard deviation was estimated to be 42% (cet group) and 34% (bev group). Under the conditions of significance level of 0.05 for a two-sided test and power of 0.85, the required sample size was calculated to be 360 patients. Thirty-three patients have been enrolled by August 2016. Clinical trial information: 000018217.

Effect of combined administration of aripiprazole and fluoxetine on cognitive functions in female rats exposed to ethyl alcohol

Alcoholism is a chronic and recurrent disease. The studies on ethyl alcohol show a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions (motor hyperactivity, operating memory). The aim of the study was to establish whether combined single and chronic administration of aripiprazole (ARI) and fluoxetine (FLU) affects animal locomotor activity or modifies spatial memory functions in female rats exposed to ethyl alcohol. Female Wistar rats were studied in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and locomotor activity test. Rats undergoing the MWM and locomotor activity test were injected with saline on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of testing. Results showed a statistically significant mobility increase in the group of ethanol‑exposed females (CEt) (21 days) compared to the non-ethanol-exposed group (CNEt). Upon ARI administration to CEt, no statistically significant differences in animal mobility were found, either upon single or chronic administration. Chronic administration of FLU (21 days) as well as combined administration of ARI+FLU (14 and 21 days) caused a statistically significant reduction of the females' mobility compared to the control CEt group. Single and chronic administration of ARI (7x) both show a spatial memory improvement in CEt. No memory improvement was observed, however, after 14 and 21 days of ARI administration. FLU, likewise, improved spatial memory both upon single and chronic administration. Combined administration of ARI+FLU improved memory in CEt only upon single administration. Lack of effect upon chronic administration may be due to tolerance to memory improvement developing upon combined administration of ARI+FLU. It can be concluded that ARI (1.5 mg/kg), FLU (5 mg/kg), and combined administration of these drugs improves spatial memory in CEt.

Randomized phase II study of cetuximab versus irinotecan and cetuximab in patients with chemo-refractory KRAS codon G13D metastatic colorectal cancer (G13D-study)

PurposeThis study investigated the efficacy and safety of cetuximab-based treatment in patients with chemotherapy-resistant refractory mCRC with KRAS G13D mutation.Patients and methodsAn assessment of the efficacy and safety of cetuximab-based treatment was performed in an observation-enriched randomized controlled study comparing the cetuximab alone group (Cet group) and the combination of cetuximab and irinotecan group (CetI group) for KRAS G13D-mutated mCRC in Japan. In this study, the patients received a biweekly (500 mg/m2 on day 1) or weekly (250 mg/m2) intravenous infusion of cetuximab in Cet group, or a biweekly (500 mg/m2 on day 1) or weekly (250 mg/m2) intravenous infusion of cetuximab followed by irinotecan (150 mg/m2) in CetI group. Propensity score adjustment was used to achieve balance in the observational arm.ResultsData from a total of 29 patients (10 in Cet group, 19 in CetI group) were analyzed. Crude median progression-free survival time was 2.9 months in the Cet group and 2.5 months in the CetI group. Crude disease control rates were 55.6% in the Cet group and 47.4% in the CetI group. After a median follow-up of 43 months, the crude median overall survival was 8.0 months in the Cet group and 7.6 months in the CetI group. Cetuximab-based treatment did not markedly increase any characteristic toxicity and was generally well tolerated. Propensity score analyses adjusted for performance status and number of metastases showed comparable results with the crude results.ConclusionCetuximab-based treatment seemed to benefit patients with chemotherapy-resistant, refractory KRAS G13D-mutated mCRC. Our results might support the administration of cetuximab-based treatment for KRAS-mutant mCRC and would be able to provide treatment flexibility in this setting.

Chronic Drinking During Adolescence Predisposes the Adult Rat for Continued Heavy Drinking: Neurotrophin and Behavioral Adaptation after Long-Term, Continuous Ethanol Exposure.

Previous research has found that adolescent ethanol (EtOH) exposure alters drug seeking behaviors, cognition and neuroplasticity. Using male Sprague Dawley rats, differences in spatial working memory, non-spatial discrimination learning and behavioral flexibility were explored as a function of age at the onset (mid-adolescent vs. adult) of chronic EtOH exposure (CET). Concentrations of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were also assessed at different time-points: during CET, following acute abstinence (48-hrs), and after protracted abstinence (6–8 wks). Our results revealed that an adolescent onset of CET leads to increased EtOH consumption that persisted into adulthood. In both adult and adolescent onset CET groups, there were significant long-term reductions in prefrontal cortical mBDNF and β-NGF levels. However, only adult onset CET rats displayed decreased hippocampal BDNF levels. Spatial memory, assessed by spontaneous alternation and delayed alternation, was not significantly affected by CET as a function of age of drinking onset, but higher blood–EtOH levels were correlated with lower spontaneous alternation scores. Regardless of the age of onset, EtOH exposed rats were impaired on non-spatial discrimination learning and displayed inflexible behavioral patterns upon reversal learning. Our results indicate that adolescent EtOH exposure changes long-term consumption patterns producing behavioral and neural dysfunctions that persist across the lifespan.

Histological response, pattern of tumor destruction and clinical outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy including bevacizumab or cetuximab in patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal liver metastases

AimWe investigated whether the type of antibody [bevacizumab (bev) or cetuximab (cet)] added to neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy before curative liver resection was associated with histological response, the pattern of tumor destruction and clinical outcome in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). MethodsWe investigated 138 patients with KRAS wild-type status (codon 12, 13 and 61) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy including bev (n = 101) or cet (n = 37). The primary endpoint was histological response. Secondary endpoints were necrosis and fibrosis of metastases, radiological response, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). ResultsHistological response was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.19). A significantly higher fraction of patients in the bev group showed necrosis of the metastases of ≥50% (P < 0.001), while a higher fraction of patients in the cet group showed fibrosis of ≥40% (P = 0.030). Radiological response was not significantly different (P = 0.17). Median RFS was significantly shorter in the cet group in univariable analysis (HR 1.59 (95% CI 1.00, 2.51), P = 0.049), but this difference did not remain significant in multivariable analysis (P = 0.45). The 3-year OS rate was not significantly different (P = 0.73). ConclusionsThe addition of bevacizumab to combination chemotherapy showed more necrosis but less fibrosis of metastases compared to cetuximab and a trend towards higher histological and radiological response and longer RFS. Further investigations of biological tumor characteristics are required to individualize treatment combinations.

헛개열매추출액발효물이 흰쥐의 에탄올 경구투여에 의한 간손상 지표와 체중 감량 완화에 미치는 영향

This study was performed to investigate the effect of fermented Hovenia dulcis Thunb fruit water extract on biomarkers for acute (a) ethanol-induced hangover and chronic (c) ethanol-induced liver injury in rats. For acute ethanol-induced hangover, the rats were administered distilled water (D.W., 10 mL/kg body wt.), Hovenia dulcis Thunb fruit water extract (HWE, 400 mg/10 mL/kg body wt.) and fermented HWE (FHWE, 400 mg/10 mL/kg body wt.), respectively, before 40% ethanol (5 g/kg body wt.) was administered. For chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, the rats were randomly divided into the normal control (cNC), ethanol (cET), cET-HWE and cET-FHWE groups. The cNC and cET groups were administered D.W. (10 mL/kg body wt.) before 40% alcohol (5 g/kg body wt.) was administrered for 21 days. The cET-HWE and cET-FHWE groups were administered HWE (400 mg/10 mL/kg body wt.) and FHWE (400 mg/10 mL/kg body wt.), respectively before 40% ethanol (5 g/kg body wt.) administration for 21 days. For acute ethanol-induced hangover, the serum alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were more significantly reduced in the aHWE and aFHWE groups than in the aET group. Moreover, the effect of FHWE was greater than that of HWE. For chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, the serum ethanol, acetaldehyde, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP) levels and the hepatic lipids concentration more significantly dropped in the cET-HWE and cET-FHWE groups than in the cET group. The FHWE administration showed faster recovery of the serum glucose concentration than in the cET and cET-HWE groups. The body weight reduction tended to normalize in the cET-HWE and cET-FHWE groups, which is ideal for chronic ethanol administration. These results suggest that FHWE has a protective effect against ethanol-induced liver damage, as evidenced by its ability to lower the serum ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations after alcohol administration, and by its ability to decrease the level of γ-GTP and hepatic lipids. FHWE also elevated serum glucose concentration. Therefore, FHWE is effective in reducing ethanol-induced hangover and can play a beneficial role in the treatment of ethanol-induced liver damage as well as body weight reduction.

Body fat responses to a 1‐year combined exercise training program in male coronary artery disease patients

To analyze the body fat (BF) content and distribution modifications in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in response to a 1-year combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (CET) program. We followed two groups of CAD male patients for 12 months. One group consisted of 17 subjects (57 ± 12 years) who engaged in a CET program (CET group) and the other was a age-matched control group of 10 subjects (58 ± 11 years). BF content and distribution were measured through dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and follow-up. We found no differences on body mass and BMI between baseline and end of follow-up in both groups but, in CET group, we found significant reductions in all analyzed BF depots, including total BF (21.60 ± 6.00 vs. 20.32 ± 5.89 kg, P < 0.01), % total BF (27.8 ± 5.5 vs. 26.4 ± 5.4%, P < 0.05), trunk fat (12.54 ± 3.99 vs. 11.77 ± 4.01 kg, P < 0.05), % trunk fat (31.1 ± 6.9 and 29.2 ± 7.1%, P < 0.05), appendicular fat (8.22 ± 2.08 vs. 7.72 ± 2.037 kg, P < 0.01), % appendicular fat (25.7 ± 4.9 and 24.5 ± 4.9%, P < 0.05), and abdominal fat (2.95 ± 1.06 vs. 2.75 ± 1.10 kg, P < 0.05). Control group showed significant increase in appendicular fat (7.63 ± 1.92 vs. 8.10 ± 2.12 kg, P < 0.05). These results confirm the positive effect of CET on body composition of CAD patients, despite no changes in body mass or BMI. In this study, we observed no alterations on BF distribution meaning similar rate of fat loss in all analyzed BF depots. These results also alert for the limitations of BMI for tracking body composition changes.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TREES, DISTANCE TO BUILDINGS AND SUBSIDENCE EVENTS ON SHRINKABLE CLAY SOIL

An investigation of the incidents of trees causing building subsidence was undertaken as a re-investigation of the data reported in the Kew Root Survey undertaken by CUTLER and RICHARDSON in 1981, and expanded in 1989. This investigation was undertaken 26 years after the Kew Root Survey was first reported. The databases of the major loss assessor (Cunningham Lindsey UK Ltd); the site investigation company (The CET Group Ltd); the tree root identification Labs (Tree Root Investigations Ltd) and the major arboricultural consultancy company involved in subsidence (OCA UK Ltd) were interrogated. The study reveals that although there are some minor differences between the data reported in the Kew Root Survey of 1981 and the data in the present study, the findings of the Kew Root Survey are vindicated. A discussion about tree rooting strategies is included because of the historic reliance that Arboriculturists and others place on the straight line distances between trees and building damage.

Prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial comparing cetrorelix acetate (CET) and ganirelix acetate (GAN) in a flexible protocol for the prevention of premature leutinizing hormone (LH) surge in ART − interim results

This study evaluates the comparative safety and non-inferiority of single dose cetrorelix acetate 3 mg to daily ganirelix acetate 0.25 mg in the inhibition of premature LH surge (LH <10 IU/L on day of human chorionic gonadotropin[hCG]) in women undergoing cycle programmed ovarian stimulation prior to ART. Phase IV, randomized (1:1), open-label, multicenter study in premenopausal infertile women between the ages of 18 and 39 years. Interim analysis of data from the first 90 patients treated (half of planned enrollment). Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) dosing began at menses onset. Follitropin alfa multi-dose (r-hFSH) 225 IU therapy began 5 days after last OCP and could be adjusted (75–450 IU) starting on stimulation day 6. A single dose of CET 3 mg sc or daily doses of GAN 0.25 mg sc were administered when the lead follicle reached =14 mm. Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) 75 IU was administered daily starting the day of antagonist administration. If hCG administration criteria were not met 4 days after receiving CET 3 mg, daily CET 0.25 mg was started. Lyophilized recombinant-hCG 250 mcg sc was administered when the patient had at least 1 follicle =18 mm, at least 2 other follicles =16 mm, an acceptable serum estradiol level, and no criterion for discontinuation. IVF or ICSI was performed, and vaginal micronized progesterone 8% administered for luteal phase support. To examine differences in treatment effects for continuous variables analysis of variance models for the ranked data were used. Most women in the CET group (71.1%) received only a single CET 3 mg dose. Of those few patients requiring supplemental CET 0.25 mg, 85% needed only 1 additional dose. Pregnancies (beta-hCG >10 IU/L, clinical pregnancy not available) were reported in 53 of 90 patients (59%), with no statistically significant difference between treatment groups. No difference in mild or moderate OHSS was seen between groups; 1 severe case occurred in the GAN group resulting in hospitalization. Median (min, max); mean ± standard deviation; NS: not significant Both GnRH antagonists delivered comparable results in preventing LH surges when used in an OCP programmed, flexible protocol. A single sc injection of CET 3 mg resulted in fewer injections compared to the GAN protocol.

Cetraxate, a mucosal protective agent, combined with omeprazole, amoxycillin, and clarithromycin increases the eradication rate ofHelicobacter pyloriin smokers

Our previous study demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori eradication was less effective in smokers than in non-smokers. Cetraxate is an anti-ulcer drug that increases gastric mucosal blood flow. To evaluate the effect of cetraxate combined with new triple therapy for the eradication of H. pylori in smokers. This study had a single-centre, double-blind, randomized non-placebo design. A total of 106 consecutive H. pylori-positive smoking patients were randomly allocated to one of two regimens: one group received omeprazole (20 mg), amoxycillin (1500 mg), and clarithromycin (600 mg) for 7 days (OAC, n=55). The other group recieved OAC plus cetraxate (600 mg) for 7 days (OAC + CET, n=51). The success of H. pylori eradication was evaluated by histology and the 13C-urea breath test at 4 weeks after completion of treatment. By intention-to-treat analysis, the H. pylori eradication rate was 55% in the OAC group and 92% in the OAC + CET group (P<0.01). By per protocol analysis, the H. pylori eradication rate was 58% in the OAC group and 94% in the OAC + CET group (P<0.01). Cetraxate combined with new triple therapy increases the eradication of H. pylori in smokers.

Cue exposure with coping skills treatment for male alcoholics: A preliminary investigation.

Although early investigations were promising, no controlled follow-up studies have investigated the effectiveness of cue exposure treatment for alcoholics. In this study, inpatient alcoholics received either cue exposure integrated with urge coping skills training (CET, n = 22) or a contrast condition (CC) involving daily contact with assessment only (n = 18) in addition to standard treatment. Comprehensive assessment measures were used to investigate change in process and outcome variables. In the second 3 months after treatment, the CET group included more patients who were completely abstinent, had a higher percentage of abstinent days, and tended to report fewer drinks per day than did patients in the contrast condition. The significantly greater use of coping skills during follow-up by the CET group and the significant relationship of these coping skills to decreased drinking suggest that treatment effects were due, at least in part, to the coping skills training, consistent with recent formulations. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.

Cue exposure with coping skills treatment for male alcoholics: A preliminary investigation.

Although early investigations were promising, no controlled follow-up studies have investigated the effectiveness of cue exposure treatment for alcoholics. In this study, inpatient alcoholics received either cue exposure integrated with urge coping skills training (CET, n = 22) or a contrast condition (CC) involving daily contact with assessment only (n = 18) in addition to standard treatment. Comprehensive assessment measures were used to investigate change in process and outcome variables. In the second 3 months after treatment, the CET group included more patients who were completely abstinent, had a higher percentage of abstinent days, and tended to report fewer drinks per day than did patients in the contrast condition. The significantly greater use of coping skills during follow-up by the CET group and the significant relationship of these coping skills to decreased drinking suggest that treatment effects were due, at least in part, to the coping skills training, consistent with recent formulations. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.

LOCAL IRRITANCY STUDY OF CEFPIROME SULFATE

As a series of safety studies of cefpirome sulfate (CPR), its local irritancy was examined in rabbits after the following treatments: intracutaneous injection (single), application into the conjunctival sac of the eye (single), intramuscular injection (single, 7-day repeated), and intravenous injection (8-day repeated). In addition, the hemolysis test was carried out with human blood. When CPR was injected intracutaneously at a high concentration of 20%, its irritating effects were only equal to or slightly stronger than those of distilled water for injection and Na2SO4 solution. The same concentration of the compound applied into the conjunctival sac had little irritancy to the eye. In the single intramuscular administration experiment, muscular changes caused by 10% CPR were comparable to those by 0.75% acetic acid, slightly severer than those by physiological saline, and slighter than those by 6% acetic acid at 2 days after administration, but at 7 days, the changes were apparently slighter than those by 0.75% acetic acid. CPR is classified under Grade 3 according to the draft guidelines for local tolerability studies issued by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. The repeated intramuscular administration experiment showed the following results. Muscular changes caused by 10% CPR were comparable to those by physiological saline and slighter than those by 0.75% acetic acid, 5% cefotetan (CTT) and 20% cephalothin sodium (CET) at 2 days after the last administration. At 7 days, the changes were slightly severer than those by physiological saline, but slighter than those by the other control solutions. Microscopically, a tendency toward recovery was marked. In the vascular irritancy experiment, the 10% CPR group showed thrombus macroscopically on and after day 5 of dosing. Microscopy at the end of the 8-day administration period revealed thrombus and organized thrombus. In the 20% CET group, thrombogenesis was slighter than that in the 10% CPR group, while perivascular changes were severer. The changes caused by 5% CTT (thrombogenesis, perivascular changes) were somewhat severer than those by 10% CPR. In the hemolysis test, 10% CPR solution applied to fresh blood from adult men caused to hemolysis when determined by the macroscopic or spectrophotometric method.

A spectral dissection of the ultraviolet emissions of Capella

view Abstract Citations (32) References (53) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A Spectral Dissection of the Ultraviolet Emissions of Capella Ayres, Thomas R. Abstract Phase-resolved observations of Capella (α Aurigae A: G5 III+G0 III) were conducted with the IUE in order to separate the spectrum of the core-helium-burning (CHeB) primary (Aa) from that of the fast-rotating, chromospherically active secondary (Ab). The ultraviolet emissions of the primary were compared to those of the four K0 giants of the Hyades and the field K giants β Cet and β Gem. In terms of C IV emission, the six reference CHeB giants fall into two distinct groups: the more active β Cet type; and the less active β Gem type. Capella Aa clearly belongs in the β Cet group. The similarity between the Capella primary and the two active Hyads - γ Tauri and θ1 Tauri - is striking. If Capella truly is coeval with the Hyades nucleus, then the age of the cluster might be less than half that commonly assumed. The UV spectra of the Capella secondary show evidence of mass outflow in the upper chromosphere, although the flow very likely is part of a circulation system like that thought to operate in magnetic active regions on the Sun. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: August 1988 DOI: 10.1086/166572 Bibcode: 1988ApJ...331..467A Keywords: Binary Stars; Spectrum Analysis; Stellar Radiation; Stellar Spectra; Ultraviolet Spectra; B Stars; Giant Stars; Helium; Iue; Open Clusters; Astronomy; CLUSTERS: OPEN; STARS: BINARIES; STARS: INDIVIDUAL CONSTELLATION NAME: ALPHA AURIGAE; STARS: LATE-TYPE; ULTRAVIOLET: SPECTRA full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (9) MAST (1) INES (1)

Chemistry of polynuclear metal complexes with bridging carbene or carbyne ligands. Part 78. Reactions of [MoFe(µ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)6(η-C5H5)] with alkynes; crystal structures of [MoFe{µ-C(C6H4Me-4)C(O)C(Et)C(Et)}(µ-CO)(CO)4(η-C5H5)] and [MoFe{µ-C(C6H4Me-4)C(Me)C[C(O)Me]}(CO)5(η-C5H5)

The dimetal compound [MoFe(µ-CR)(CO)6(η-C5H5)](R = C6H4Me-4) reacts with the alkynes HCCH and HCCEt at room temperature in light petroleum to afford the complexes [MoFe{µ-C(R)CHC(R1)}(CO)5(η-C5H5)] and [MoFe{µ-C(R)CHC(R1)C(O)}(µ-CO)(CO)4(η-C5H5)](R1= H or Et), and with MeCCEt to yield a mixture of [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(R1)C(R2)}(CO)5(η-C5H5)](two isomers: R1= Me, R2= Et; R1= Et, R2= Me) and [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(O)C(R1)C(R2)}(µ-CO)(CO)4(η-C5H5)](two isomers: R1= Me, R2= Et; R1= Et, R2= Me). Hex-3-yne and the molybdenum–iron compound react to give a mixture of [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(Et)C(Et)}(CO)5(η-C5H5)] and [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(O)C(Et)C(Et)}(µ-CO)(CO)4(η-C5H5)]. Treatment of the former species with CO affords the acyl complex [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(Et)C(Et)C(O)}(µ-CO)(CO)4(η-C5H5)], a process which is readily reversed in the presence of a stream of nitrogen. The structure of [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(O)C(Et)C(Et)}(µ-CO)(CO)4(η-C5H5)] has been established by an X-ray diffraction study, which revealed that the asymmetric unit contained two crystallographically independent molecules of similar geometry. The Mo(1)–Fe(1) bond [2.694(1)A] is spanned by the C(R)C(O)C(Et)C(Et) group in such a manner that the terminal carbon atoms of the chain are each bonded to the molybdenum and the iron atoms but in addition the molybdenum is ligated by the carbon atom of the CEt group adjacent to the ketonic moiety. The iron atom carries three terminal CO ligands, and the molybdenum atom one such group and the C5H5 ring. However, another CO group attached to the molybdenum semi-bridges the Mo–Fe bond [Mo(1)–C(9)–O(9) 164.2(8)°]. Reactions between [MoFe(µ-CR)(CO)6(η-C5H5)] and the alkynes MeCCEt and EtCCEt in large excess (ca. 1:60) afforded, in addition to the products mentioned above, the species [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(R1)C(R2)}(CO)5(η-C5H5)][R1= Me, R2= C(O)Me and R1= C(O)Me, R2= Me from MeCCEt, and R1= Et, R2= C(O)Me and R1= C(O)Me, R2= Et from EtCCEt]. These products arose from the presence of MeCCC(O)Me and EtCCC(O)Me as impurities in commercial samples of pent-2-yne and hex-3-yne. The structure of [MoFe{µ-C(R)C(Me)C[C(O)Me]}(CO)5(η-C5H5)] was established by X-ray diffraction. The Mo–Fe bond [2.722(1)A] is bridged by the C(R)C(Me)C{C(O)Me} fragment. The iron atom is ligated by three terminal CO groups, and the molybdenum atom by two such groups and the η-C5H5 ring.