Ceruloplasmin Concentrations Research Articles

Indicators of antioxidant protection of the body of dairy cows depending on the phase of lactation and physiological state

Relevance. Studies on the assessment of the pro- and antioxidant status of the body of productive animalsare relevant, since they are interconnected with health, the state of the immune and reproductive systems. There is a steadily growing body of information in the field of oxidative stress in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, which indicates the general importance of antioxidant defense of the body with impaired health and productivity of ruminants. There is a growing need to translate this knowledge into practical proposals for livestock specialists and veterinarians.Methods. In order to study the indicators of antioxidant protection in the body of dairy cows depending on the month of lactation and the physiological state, the following groups of cows were formed in the conditions of the PZ Ladozhsky (Krasnodar district) in the winter period of 2021: dry; lactating: 1 month; 2 months; 3 months; 4 months; 5 months; 6–7 months. The following indicators were determined in the blood of the studied animals: the concentration of ceruloplasmin, products reacting with thiobarbituric acid, the total content of water-soluble antioxidants, the general antioxidant status, and the antioxidant activity of blood serum.Results. The results obtained indicate changes in the antioxidant status in the body of cows, depending on the physiological state and month of lactation. By 5–6 months of lactation in the blood of cows the maximum levels of accumulation of LPO products are observed and the level of ceruloplasmin decreases, and the maintenance of the overall antioxidant status is carried out at the expense of other water-soluble antioxidants. The most significant changes in the studied parameters are observed between dry and lactating cows. The results obtained will allow monitoring the health status of animals and will serve as the accumulation of a database for the development of reference values for indicators of the antioxidant status in the body of dairy cows, depending on the physiological state and phase of lactation.

The possibility of predicting effectiveness oftherapy in patients with new infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis by baseline activity of adenosine deaminase and inflammatory response parameters

The objective: to evaluate the possibility of using the baseline activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) to predict effectiveness of therapy in patients with new infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (IPTB).Subjects and Methods. Data of 121 patients with new infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed; patients were divided into groups according to therapy effectiveness.Results., The discriminant analysis of data of new infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis patients made it possible to obtain adiscriminant function which included the activity of ADA, the concentration of haptoglobin (HP) and ceruloplasmin (CP) – parameters reflecting that severity of the disease and protective potential of the host.Conclusion. Analysis of ADA activity in combination with level of HP and CP allows the following: predicting effectiveness of the intensive phase of therapy before it begins in patients with new infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (with the accuracy of 77.0%); assuming that the reduction of ADA activity and inhibition of the inflammatory response may be useful for treatment of patients with new infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

Effects of the clinical severity of disease and concomitant pyoderma on serum acute‐phase proteins concentrations in dogs with sarcoptic mange

Information on acute-phase protein (APP) concentrations in dogs with sarcoptic mange (SM) is scarce. To determine the effects of the clinical severity of disease and concomitant pyoderma on serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations in dogs with SM. Forty client-owned dogs with SM (INF group) and 10 healthy control dogs (CON group). The INF group was divided into three subgroups; Group 1 (mild/moderate), Group 2 (severe) and Group 3 (severe+pyoderma) according to the extent of skin lesions and the presence of concomitant pyoderma. Serum CRP, SAA, Hp and Cp concentrations of all study groups were measured. Serum CRP (P< 0.001), SAA (P< 0.001) and Hp (P= 0.016) concentrations of the INF group were higher than the CON group, with no difference in terms of Cp. A statistical difference was measured between groups 2 and 1 in SAA only. C-reactive protein was found to be significantly higher in dogs with severe SM accompanied by pyoderma (Group 3) when compared with dogs with severe SM (Group 2). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves differentiating pyoderma among dogs with severe SM was 0.850 for CRP (P= 0.0001, cut-off value >61.3 mg/L with sensitivity 69.29% and specificity 90.91%). The unique findings in this were that the SAA serum concentrations are related to the severity of SM and that serum CRP concentrations are effective in detecting the presence of pyoderma in dogs with severe SM.

EFFECT OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR MODULATORS ON CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPID METABOLISM IN RATS AFTER LAPARATOMY UNDER LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

This study is devoted to investigating the effect of NF-κB and Nrf2, transcription factor modulators, on markers of surgical stress and acute phase response, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the case of abdominal surgical trauma (laparotomy) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). The study was performed on 28 white Wistar male rats weighing 220-250 g, divided into 4 groups: 1st (control) included "pseudo-operated" animals; 2nd group involved rats, who underwent laparotomy following the LPS-induced SIR modelling; the animals of the 3rd, 4th and 5th groups subjected to laparotomy following LPS-induced SIR then for 7 days received ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an NF-κB activation inhibitor, in a dose of 76 mg/kg, dimethyl fumarate, an N inducer, in a dose of 15 mg / kg in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide solution, and a water-soluble form of quercetin in a dose of 100 mg/kg that is 10 mg/kg in terms of quercetin. The measurements were carried out in 7 days after the false surgical operation or laparotomy. It has been found out that the use of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, dimethyl fumarate, and water-soluble form of quercetin under the combined effects of surgical trauma (laparotomy) and S. typhi LPS significantly reduces the concentration of cortisol in blood plasma and the content of ceruloplasmin in the blood serum, lowers the level of hyperglycemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia.

CHANGES IN PROTEIN AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN ORGANS OF HEPATOPANCREATOBILIARY SYSTEM, ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN RATS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DIETS WITH EXCESSIVE CARBOHYDRATES OR FATS

Among the mechanisms of pathological processes development, in particular obesity, an important role belongs to the increase in the intensity of oxygen-dependent processes. It is known that the products of protein and lipid peroxidation can change the structure of the cell membrane, lead to denaturation of proteins and damage to amino acids. Accumulation of protein and lipid peroxidation products can inhibit oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, can cause tissue edema and worsen the course of inflammatory processes. Such changes may occur against the background of inertia or suppression of antioxidant reserves. The in-depth study of the obesity development against the background of high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets attracts attention.&#x0D; The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of indices of the oxygen-dependent processes and anti-radical protection of the body against the background of a high-calorie diet during the experiment. The study was performed using mature male rats on a diet with excessive amount of carbohydrates (experimental group 1) and fats (experimental group 2) and on a standard diet of vivarium (control group).&#x0D; As a result of the study in the blood serum of experimental rats there was observed an increased content of products of the oxidative modification of proteins in the blood serum at 64.35% – 3.3-fold (p˂0.05), in liver tissues – 2.6-4.5-fold (p˂0.01) and pancreas at 67.86% – 5.6-fold (p˂0.05) regarding the control group data. Changes in lipoperoxidation indices were unidirectional. In particular, in the blood serum of animals on high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets there was an increase in the content of diene conjugates (DC) and products that react to thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP) at 72.37% – 2.2-fold (p˂0.001), in the tissues of liver and pancreas – an increase in the level of TBA-AP at 44.07% – 6.0-fold (p˂0.01), respectively regarding the control. There were no significant differences found between the studied indices of protein and lipid peroxidation in animals of the experimental groups 1 and 2. The resulting changes may indicate a number of abnormalities (structural rearrangement of hepatocyte membranes, impaired cellular metabolism and energy metabolism, increased unsaturated fatty acids), which in turn can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus and obesity.&#x0D; Activation of protein and lipid peroxidation occurred under the conditions of increased catalase activity at 2.5-3.4-fold (p˂0.05), ceruloplasmin content at 54,61-88,65% (р˂0,05), iron transferrin saturation at 43,58-51,28% (р˂0,01) against the background of reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activity (at 26,84-83,34% р˂0,01) regarding the values in intact animals. The determined changes of antioxidant reserve did not depend on the diet type. Such changes may indicate a corresponding strain on the functional abilities of the antioxidant system during the increase in the intensity of oxidative stress under the conditions of obesity.&#x0D; The resulting disorders reflect the development of oxidative stress and are the risk factors for structural adjustments and functional changes in the hepatopancreatobiliary system organs. Activation of the processes of free radical oxidation of proteins and lipids against the background of inhibition of antioxidant enzymes can play a significant role in the development of obesity complications, especially such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cord Blood Proteomic Biomarkers for Predicting Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Monoamniotic Twins.

Monoamniotic twins have a high risk of mortality and perinatal morbidity due to cord entanglement and vascular anastomosis. Despite efforts to reduce the mortality rate through intensive fetal surveillance and timed delivery, poor long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes remain an unsolved problem. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers predicting abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes in monoamniotic twins with cord blood samples taken at the time of delivery. Abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes were defined as (1) a severe brain lesion on neonatal brain ultrasound, (2) developmental delay, (3) cerebral palsy, and/or (4) blindness or deafness. Cord blood was analyzed with mass spectrometry-based proteomics according to the neurodevelopmental outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the differentially expressed proteins between neonates with normal and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Several candidate proteins were further validated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A total of 20 neonates (10 pairs) of monoamniotic twins were included in the proteomic analysis, of which 25% had abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Eighteen proteins were differentially expressed in neonates with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. The upregulated proteins in the neonates with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome were immunoglobulin (Ig)-gamma-4 chain C region, apolipoprotein E, and alpha-fetoprotein. In contrast, Ig-lambda chain V region 4A, Ig-heavy variable 3, Ig-kappa chain C region, Ig-mu chain C region, C1q, ceruloplasmin, and Ig-lambda chain V-I region were decreased. In the validation experiment, the cord blood concentration of ceruloplasmin was significantly lower in neonates with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes than in those without. Therefore, ceruloplasmin could be a useful predictive biomarker of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in monoamniotic twins.

The effect of dietary rumen-protected trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid or a milk fat-depressing diet on energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress of dairy cows in early lactation

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of milk fat depression induced by supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 CLA) or feeding a higher starch and oil-containing diet (HSO) on metabolic changes in dairy cows after calving. The main hypothesis was that the 2 strategies to decrease milk fat yield could have different effects on performance, energy balance (EB), and inflammatory status in early lactation. Thirty-three Nordic Red dairy cows were used in a randomized block design from 1 to 112 d of lactation and fed one of the following treatments: control (CON), CLA-supplemented diet, or HSO diet. Dry matter intake and milk yield were measured daily whereas milk composition was measured weekly throughout the experiment. Nutrient digestibility, EB, and plasma hormones and metabolites were measured at 3, 7, 11, and 15 wk of lactation in respiration chambers. The HSO diet led to lower intakes of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and gross energy compared with CON and CLA diets. The CLA diet and especially the HSO diet resulted in lower energy-corrected milk yield during the first 7 wk of lactation than those fed CON. The EB was numerically higher for HSO and CLA diets compared with CON at wk 3 and 7. Plasma glucose concentration was higher by the CLA diet at wk 3 and by the HSO diet from wk 3 to 15 compared with CON. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids were higher at wk 3 in the CON group (indicating more lipid mobilization) but decreased thereafter to similar levels with the other groups. The HSO-fed cows had higher plasma ceruloplasmin, paraoxonase, and total bilirubin concentrations in the entire experiment and showed the highest levels of reactive oxygen metabolites. These results suggest an increased inflammatory and oxidative stress state in the HSO cows and probably different regulation of the innate immune system. This study provides evidence that milk fat depression induced by feeding HSO (as well as CLA) decreased milk fat secretion and improved EB compared with CON in early lactation. The increase in plasma glucose and paraoxonase levels with the HSO diet may imply a better ability of the liver to cope with the metabolic demand after parturition. However, the negative effect of HSO on feed intake, and the indication of increased inflammatory and oxidative stress warrant further studies before the HSO feeding strategy could be supported as an alternative to improve EB in early lactation.

Status of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in the sperm and seminal plasma of breeding boars of large white breed and SS23 synthetic line.

The indicators of pro- and antioxidant systems in sperm and sperm plasma of breeding boars of Large White breed and SS23 synthetic line were studied. Measurements of antioxidant enzyme activity, determination of lipid peroxidation (LPO) product content, and antioxidant factor were performed. Lipid peroxidation in the semen of healthy breeding boars was characterized by a stable level of activity, which is necessary to ensure normal reproductive functions. Additionally, there was a high content of low molecular weight thiols and proteins. The concentration of SH-groups in spermatozoa was higher (P≤0.05) compared to sperm plasma. The number of total, protein, and free SH-groups in the semen of boars of the synthetic line was higher (P<0.05) in relation to animals of the Large White breed. Low catalase (CAT) activity in the sperm was compensated by glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The content of ceruloplasmin (CP) in the sperm of boars was almost twice as high as that of sperm plasma. In spermatozoa, high content of reduced glutathione (GTH) was recorded, which was more than 3 times higher than in the seminal fluid. The main antioxidants of spermatozoa were superoxide dismutase (SOD), CP, SH-groups of proteins, and reduced content of GTH. We revealed that CAT is a key enzyme that neutralizes excess hydrogen peroxide in boar semen. In contrast, in sperm, hydrogen peroxide was inactivated mainly by GPX. Further research on the mechanisms of action of reactive oxygen species on boar semen will help to develop effective methods for sperm storage and successful fertilization of oocytes.

STUDY ON ASSOCIATION OF SERUM FERRITIN &amp; SERUM CERULOPLASMIN IN PREGNANCY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Objectives – To compare the levels of serum ferritin &amp; serum ceruloplasmin in pregnant &amp; non- pregnant women &amp; to nd out whether any correlation exists between ferritin &amp; ceruloplasmin levels in pregnancy. Methods –Case population comprised of pregnant women coming for routine antenatal visit in OPD, Nil Ratan Sirkar Medical College &amp; Hospital rd in their 3 trimester of pregnancy. Patient of pre-existing iron deciency anaemia, pregnancy induced hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia, were excluded from our study. A control group of healthy, non-pregnant subjects was used for comparison. Results – Serum ferritin level was found to be lower in pregnancy than in non-pregnant women. However the decrease was not found to be statistically signicant. Serum ceruloplasmin was found to be higher in pregnant than in non pregnant women &amp; this increase was found to be statistically signicant. Statistically signicant negative correlation was also been found between serum ferritin &amp; serum ceruloplasmin. Conclusion - Our study establishes the fact that there is increase in serum ceruloplasmin concentration in pregnancy &amp; this increase is further accelerated in iron decient state designated by decreased serum ferritin concentration.

Оксидантно-антиоксидантна система крові при експериментальній емфіземі легень

Abstract. Bronchial asthma ( BA) is one of the most common diseases of the human respiratory organs and occupies one of the leading places both in the terms of the prevalence and the severity of manifestations. With a long duration of BA, concomitant smoking, the irreversible bronchial obstruction formation, some patients develop pulmonary emphysema. The pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema is multifactorial and consists in the mechanisms of oxidative stress, imbalance of the protease/antiprotease system, activation of inflammatory cells and production of inflammatory mediators. Oxidative stress is one of the main processes in the formation of pulmonary emphysema, but its exact mechanisms, which could be targeted by pathogenetic therapy, have not yet been studied. The study of pulmonary emphysema pathogenesis in patients is often complicated due to the influence of a large number of random combinations of the various factors. One way to avoid such influence is experiment. The aim is to study the nature of changes in the oxidant-antioxidant system of the blood in the experimental pulmonary emphysema. Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on 24 mature, outbred white rats weighing 180-200 g, which were kept on a standard vivarium diet. To assess the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the animal blood, the content of its final product, malondialdehyde, was determined. The the antioxidant system activity was assessed by the content of ceruloplasmin and catalase activity in the blood. Results. The results of the conducted studies indicate a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde in the blood in conditions of experimental pulmonary emphysema by 30 %. At the same time, a decrease in the content of ceruloplasmin in the blood by 20 % and catalase activity by 29 % was revealed. Conclusions. In experimental pulmonary emphysema, enhanced generation of malondialdehyde leads to the development of oxidative stress and intoxication, disruption of the functions of the antioxidant and antiperoxide defense systems of the body, as evidenced by the significant decrease in the level of ceruloplasmin and catalase activity in the blood.

Comparative study on plasma fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum period in Bulgarian native goats

The goal of this study was to determine the plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin during the pregnancy and postpartum period in goats. The experiment was carried out with six clinically healthy Bulgarian native goats, aged 4-6 years, weighing 49-56 kg, reared at the Biobase of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Stara Zagora. Blood samples for assay of plasma concentrations of the studied acute-phase proteins during pregnancy were collected over 7-day intervals, from the 14th to the 147th day of pregnancy. During the postpartum period, samples were obtained at 3-day intervals between the 1st and 15th postpartum day, as well as once on the 20th and 30th day after the parturition. The results indicated that throughout the first trimester of the pregnancy, the highest average plasma fibrinogen values were established on the 14th day, while significantly lower values (P&lt;0.05) were measured on the 21st day. At this period, the values of plasma ceruloplasmin were the lowest on the 28th day and significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) at the end of the first pregnancy trimester. During the second trimester of the pregnancy there was a clear tendency towards a decrease in the levels of the examined acute phase proteins. At the last pregnancy trimester, an increase in the levels of both acute phase proteins was observed. During the postpartum period there was a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in the levels of ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen on the 20th day, compared to the first postpartum day. The established average values of the examined acute phase proteins could be used for comparison purposes in cases of pathological conditions during the pregnancy and post partum period of goats.

Efeitos da privação alimentar de 48 horas na resposta de fase aguda em cavalos

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on acute-phase response in horses. Twenty horses were deprived of food for 48 h and others 12 animals (control) had free access to water and hay. They were closely monitored and examined, and blood samples were taken at the beginning (0) of the study and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours afterward. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. The horses tolerated feed restriction without serious clinical complications. Feed restriction induced an increase in the acute-phase response by elevating serum concentrations of α2-macroglobulin (24-38 h), ceruloplasmin (36-48 h), α1-antitrypsin (30-48 h), α1-acid glycoprotein (42-48 h) and haptoglobin (42-48 h). Nutrient deprivation raised the levels of circulating cortisol, which acts on the innate immune system, which then induces the acute-phase response. In conclusion, food restriction is a physical stressor for horses, capable of inducing an acute-phase protein reaction, characterized by increased production of α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, α1- antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin.

Effect of a feed additive containing yeast cell walls, clove and coriander essential oils and Hibiscus sabdariffa administered to mid-lactating dairy cows on productive performance, rumen fluid composition and metabolic conditions

Thirty-six multiparous Holstein mid-lactating cows were housed in 6 pens (6 cows/pen) and allocated in two groups (3 pens/group), receiving a control total mixed ration (CTR), or the same diet supplemented with a feed additive (TRT). Between 15 and 35 days from enrolment (DFE) the dry matter intake (DMI) of each pen, and the individual milk yield (MY), rumination time (RT), the compositions of milk and rumen fluid and the metabolic profile of plasma were monitored regularly. At 35 DFE, cows started a 1-week wash-up period prior to the changeover. Data were analysed with a mixed model using repeated measures. Cows receiving the additive had higher DMI and MY (p < .01), a longer RT between 22 and 29 DFE (p < .05), a higher total VFA concentration and a lower pH in the rumen fluid (p < .01 and p = .04, respectively). At 15 DFE, TRT cows had a higher concentration of lactose in their milk, and lower concentrations of BHB, ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin, paired with higher concentrations of albumin, paraoxonase and aspartate aminotransferase in their plasma (p < .01). These outcomes suggest a positive effect of the additive on increasing DMI and MY, possibly reflecting that it had a combined action on the rumen and the liver. Highlights The additive increased feed intake, rumination time and milk yield. It improved rumen fermentations and liver activity, and mitigated ketogenesis and inflammatory conditions. Beneficial actions of the active components on rumen and liver functions could be hypothesised.

The state of pro- and antioxidant systems in rats with DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis on the background of extracorporeal detoxification

Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of this research was to study the indices of pro- and antioxidant systems in rats with dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis on the background of the enterosorbent AUT-M use. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 70 white male rats weighing 200–250 g. Adenocarcinoma of the colon was simulated by subcutaneous injection of the DMH (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Japan) at a dose of 7.2 mg/kg once a week during 7 months. Enterosorbent AUT-M was administered intragastrically daily for 21 days after simulation of carcinogenesis at a dose of 1 ml of suspension per 100 g of animal body weight. The state of the pro- and antioxidant systems was studied by the content of oxidative modification of proteins products (OMP), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), contents of ceruloplasmin (CP) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results: It was found that DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats is accompanied by disorders in the antioxidant defense system and activation of free radical oxidation processes. Enterosorbent AUT-M provides a significant reduction in the content of OMP370 and OMP430 in both blood serum and liver homogenate of rats. Moreover, the use of enterosorbent AUT-M demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of SOD, CAT, content of GSH and a decrease in CP content in investigated tissues. Conclusion: The use of enterosorbent AUT-М demonstrated prominent potential suppression for oxidative stress and positive effect on antioxidant defense system in rats with DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis.

Changes in Acute-Phase Proteins in Plasma during the Periparturient Period of Dairy Goats.

The present study was conducted regarding four acute-phase proteins (APPs) including C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (HP) in dairy goats during the periparturient period. The aim of this study was to detect the changes in APPs in plasma during the periparturient period of healthy dairy goats. Guanzhong dairy goats with no other symptoms (n = 15) were selected on the basis of their blood calcium (Ca) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration. The plasma was collected once a week for ±3 weeks delivery. The concentrations of the four APPs mentioned above were determined using goat-specific ELISA kits. The results showed the CRP level in plasma decreased from 3 weeks to 1 week antepartum and increased later until 1 week postpartum and then decreased to a similar level with antepartum between 1 and 3 weeks postpartum. The content of CP showed a decline in 3 weeks before parturition and an upward trend between 1 week antepartum and 3 weeks postpartum. The SAA concentration decreased from 3 weeks antepartum to 2 weeks postpartum and rebounded later. The level of HP decreased during 3 weeks before parturition and increased until 1 week postpartum, then reached a stable value. Clear variation range and rules of APPs contribute to perinatal health monitoring of dairy goats.

Gender difference of cerebrospinal fluid ceruloplasmin in mild cognitive impairment

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying mechanisms of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, an invariant neurodegenerative features that correlate with cognitive function and the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remains elusive. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is a protein that intersects these pathways. The role of Cp in AD and its potential use as a biomarker has not been identified. The purpose of the study is to explore the impact of gender on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodSeventy‐one males and 33 females with MCI from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were included in the study. We explored the gender discrepancies in CSF ceruloplasmin levels, volumes of hippocampus, entorhinal cortex (EC), fusiform and medial temporal lobe (MTA).ResultThe results showed that CSF ceruloplasmin levels were significantly higher in males compare to females in MCI patients (P = 0.011). No gender differences were found in CSF Aβ42, CSF Tau and CSF P‐tau (P = 0.496, P = 0.096, P = 0.070). Females showed reduced volumes of the EC, fusiform and MTA (P = 0.010, P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.001) than males. However, volumes of the hippocampus between the males and females in MCI did not differ (P = 0.099).ConclusionThese findings suggest that gender discrepancies should be considered in the interpretation of CSF ceruloplasmin when evaluating MCI.

Determination of dietary copper requirement by the monoamine oxidase activity in kidney of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age.

The current dietary copper (Cu) requirement (8 mg/kg) of broilers is mainly based on growth, hemoglobin concentration, or hematocrit, which might not be the most sensitive indices to evaluate dietary Cu requirements of broilers. The present study was carried out to estimate dietary Cu requirements of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age using biochemical or molecular biomarkers. A total of 384 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments with 8 replicates and fed a Cu-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet containing 5.17 mg Cu/kg by analysis and the basal diet supplemented with 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 mg Cu/kg as CuSO4⋅5H2O for 21 d. Regression analysis was performed to estimate the optimal dietary Cu level using the broken-line model. Dietary supplemental Cu level affected (P < 0.05) Cu contents in serum and liver and kidney monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, but had no effects (P > 0.05) on the growth performance, Cu contents in heart, kidney, pancreas and spleen, Cu- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) activity and ceruloplasmin content in serum, CuZnSOD and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities and ceruloplasmin, CuZnSOD, MAO A, MAO B, COX4I1 and COX1 mRNA and protein expressions in the above tissues of broilers. As dietary supplemental Cu levels increased, Cu contents in serum and liver increased linearly (P < 0.05), but kidney MAO activity decreased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05). The estimated dietary Cu requirement based on the fitted broken-line model (P = 0.035) of kidney MAO activity was 11.30 mg/kg. In conclusion, kidney MAO activity is a new and sensitive criterion to evaluate the dietary Cu requirement of broilers, and the dietary Cu requirement was 11.30 mg/kg for broilers fed the conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age, which is higher than the current National Research Council (NRC) Cu requirement (8 mg/kg) of broilers.

Serum Total SOD Activity and SOD1/2 Concentrations in Predicting All-Cause Mortality in Lung Cancer Patients.

Redox status disturbances are known during carcinogenesis and may have influence on patients’ survival. However, the prediction of mortality in lung cancer patients based on serum total SOD activity, and concentrations of its isoforms, has not been studied to date. This prospective cohort study has following aims: (1) to evaluate the disturbances in serum SOD activity and SOD1/2 concentrations; (2) to assess the implications of these alterations with regard to biochemical variables and clinical data, and (3) to investigate the association between serum SOD activity, SOD1/2 concentrations, and all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients. Serum total SOD activity and SOD1, SOD2, albumin, CRP, and ceruloplasmin concentrations were determined in lung cancer patients (n = 190) and control subjects (n = 52). Additionally, patients were characterized in terms of biochemical, clinical, and sociodemographic data. Multiple Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between all-cause death and SOD-related parameters. All-cause mortality in lung cancer was positively associated with serum SOD1 and SOD2 concentrations. Clinical stage III and IV disease was the strongest predictor. The utility of the evaluated parameters in predicting overall survival was demonstrated only for SOD1. Serum SOD1 and SOD2 concentrations were shown to positively affect all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients, but SOD1 seems to be a better predictor than SOD2.

Effect of flosteron on the content of acute-phase proteins and procalcitonin in infectious arthritis in rats

Infectious arthritis was modeled on white male Wistar rats by injecting a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms into the knee joint of animals, and the effects of the synthetic hormone flosteron were also studied. At the same time, the content of acute-phase proteins (ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP)) and procalcitonin (PCT) as markers of the development of the inflammatory process and bacterial infection was studied in the blood serum of rats. Determination of the content of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and CRP was carried out on a Cobas 311 biochemical analyzer, the PCT concentration on a Cobas 411 analyzer using Roche Diagnostics test systems. Analysis of the results showed that when flosteron was administered, the concentration of CRP increased by 1.7 times already on the 3rd day, and by more than 4 times on the 14th day. The content of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin also increased. The PCT concentration was at the level of the control values. Under the conditions of modeling infectious arthritis, changes in the content of acutephase proteins were observed. The greatest deviations from the reference values were found on the 14th day in animals that were injected with the hormone and S. aureus: the concentration of both CRP, the most objective biochemical marker of the inflammatory process, and PCT exceeded the physiological norm 12 times and more than 7 times, respectively. This indicates that the hormonal drug enhances the inflammatory process, which is confirmed by data that reflect changes in the content of acute-phase proteins. It can be assumed that the use of hormonal drugs contributes to the development of postoperative complications.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ОЖИРЕНИЯ НА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У СОБАК

Dogs’ obesity in is a common pathology and is associated with genetic factors, feeding, housing conditions, physical inactivity. Many pathogenesis aspects of obesity development of small domestic animals are poorly studied, in particular, the development of dysfunction of the cardiovascular system is an insufficiently explored issue. The aim of this study was to study clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and biochemical parameters of blood serum of obese dogs. The objects of the study were Dachshund dogs with obesity (n = 12) and clinically healthy animals (n = 16). All animals went through a complex clinical examination, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and laboratory studies. Parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were used in the study. It was found that dogs’ obesity is characterized by a significant increase of the respiratory rate at rest and during sleep, pulse rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. It was shown that in case of dogs’ obesity, there is a slight increase of the end-diastolic size and thickness of the free wall of the left ventricle, a shortening of the PQ interval, and voltage decrease of P, R, T deflections on electrocardiograms. There were no violations of contractility and systolic function of the left ventricular myocardium of obese dogs. It was found that the activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartic aminotransferases, the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin significantly increased in blood serum of obese dogs. Dogs’ obesity does not form dogs’ syndrome of cytolysis of cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by unchanged serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and cardiac troponin concentration.