Certification Policy Research Articles

ESL Teacher Certification Policy: Current Trends and Best Practices

Utilizing aspects of the Standards for Initial TESOL Pre-K-12 Teacher Preparation Programs (2018), this study seeks to review and critique current trends in ESL teacher certification policy nationwide. Data collection involved triangulating state policies found online with a brief questionnaire sent to teacher certification boards nationwide (51 in total). The researchers focused on whether or not state policies: (1) offer initial and/or add-on ESL certification; (2) have a test-out option for add-on ESL certification; (3) require a certain number of credits for add-on ESL certification; (4) align their coursework topic requirements with guidelines set forth by TESOL. Data analysis highlighted changes in policy from a previous survey conducted during the NCLB era (Reeves, 2010), and compared requirements in each state’s policy to the Standards for Initial TESOL Pre-K-12 Teacher Preparation Programs (2018). Findings reveal an alarming trend toward less rigorous add-on certification (i.e., endorsement) pathways as well as a number of states either no longer offering initial certification or providing options for testing-out of coursework altogether. Additionally, many state policies outline required coursework, but few follow ESL teacher preparation guidelines set by TESOL International Association (TESOL) (2019). This has led to a notable rift between current ESL teacher education policy and evidence-based best practices such as coursework on the linguistic and cultural aspects of second language learning.

Reconstruction of Teacher Certification Policies According to Law Number 14 of 2005 Concerning Teachers and Lecturers Based on the Value of Pancasila Justice

Reconstruction of Teacher Certification Policies According to Law Number 14 of 2005 Concerning Teachers and Lecturers Based on the Value of Pancasila Justice

Study of sustainability status of the implementation of ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) in plasma farmers oil palm plantation

ISPO (Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil) is a mandatory certification policy issued by the Indonesian government. ISPO is aimed at private oil palm plantation businesses and smallholder groups. Plasma farmers are farmers who partner with companies. It is appropriate for ISPO certified companies, and smallholders will be the same in implementing ISPO. This study aims to determine the role of companies in plasma farmers in implementing the ISPO principles for plasma farmers, then to find out the implementation of the ISPO principles by plasma smallholders and to analyze the sustainability status of the implementation of the ISPO principles carried out by plasma farmers. The study used the RAP-Palm method and sampling of plasma farmers in three companies in the West, East, and Central regions of Jambi Province. The results showed that companies that have received ISPO certificates have not been optimal for plasma farmers in applying the ISPO principles. Companies that partner with plasma farmers have not encouraged plasma farmers to implement the ISPO principles. At the same time, the plasma smallholders have not optimally applied the ISPO principles. The MDS analysis results showed that the plasma farmers’ sustainability status in implementing the principles is in the medium category (56,02). A new regulation is recommended that encourages companies to help empower plasma farmers in implementing ISPO principles and needs to empower the knowledge and education of smallholders in implementing the ISPO principle. As well as rewards for plasma farmers who implemented ISPO to get a premium price.

PERCEPTIONS OF TEACHERS RA AL HIJRAH BADRUL ULUM ON TEACHER CERTIFICATION POLICY IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION

This paper aims to analyze teacher perceptions of teacher certification policies in improving the quality of education. The focus of the discussion of this study is how the teacher's perception of RA Al Hijrah Badrul Ulum regarding teacher certification policies in improving the quality of education. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, while the data collection techniques used are participant observation, structured interviews and document analysis (documentation study). The results of this study indicate that the establishment of teacher certification policies helps teachers improve their skills and competencies as professionals, and helps from the welfare aspect that has been complained of by teachers. Even so, there are also bad effects that are commonly displayed by teachers, ranging from teaching only limited to fulfilling mandatory hours, to looking at certification from the aspect of welfare and lifestyle improvement.

Aeromedical Implications of Cerebral Cavernomas.

BACKGROUND: Cavernomas, cavernous angiomas, or cerebral cavernous malformations are clusters of endothelium-lined blood vessels usually found in the brain. With the increasing use of radiological imaging, these are being detected incidentally in asymptomatic aircrew. The UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) experience of cavernomas is described and the aeromedical concerns, that is, the risk of epilepsy, hemorrhage, and the development of a neurological deficit, are considered.METHODS: A search of the CAA database between 1990 and 2020 was performed for the term cavernoma. The gender, age at diagnosis, class of certification held, clinical presentation, location, and size of the lesion were noted. A PubMed literature review for papers with complications of cavernoma was performed.RESULTS: Six cases of cavernoma have been declared to the CAA: five professional pilots and one private pilot. Five were men and one was a woman. The age range was between 38 and 60 yr, with a mean of 48 yr. Two cases presented with clinical symptoms and four were asymptomatic. Complication rates for seizure and hemorrhage were extracted from the published literature together with the significance of other factors such as cavernoma size, family history, multiplicity, and the development of new lesions.DISCUSSION: A policy for the medical certification of aircrew with cavernomas that have presented with clinical symptoms and those that are detected incidentally is proposed.Jagathesan T, OBrien M. Aeromedical implications of cerebral cavernomas. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):120123.

Divergent Interpretations and Inter-Organizational Relations of Halal Product Guarantee Policy in Indonesia

The emergence of the issue of halal products, both in the form of food and services, has also led to competition regarding the certification of halal products. Studies on competition between certification bodies have been carried out, but these studies do not focus on the competition that occurs in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia which is a big market for the halal industry. In Indonesia, the implementation of the regulation of Halal Product Guarantee (HPG) in Law No. 33 2014 still raises problems, including the related issue of inter-organizational relations. This article discusses the relations between organizations based on the interpretation of each party related to the Halal Product Guarantee policy, and the consequences arising from it. This article used new institutional theory, and a semiotics approach as analysis of verbal signs and gestures raised by each of the parties. This article argued that the interpretations of each organizational actor towards the new halal certification policy in Indonesia are driven by different institutional reasons/logics, resulting in contradictions, even conflicts related to the relationship between organizations implementing the policy. The difference in meaning, especially in the connotative meaning, shows the difference in institutional logic. Thus, there is a divergence in meaning. Therefore, it is important to equate significance (meaning/interpretation) to each of the institutions related to Halal Product Guarantee in order to realize the implementation of the regulations properly.

Joint Optimization of Quota Policy Design and Electric Market Behavior Based on Renewable Portfolio Standard in China

Under the perspective of carbon neutrality, the green electricity absorption target constrained by the quota system policy plays a crucial role in reducing the carbon emission of the power industry. However, the current green certificate policy has not achieved good results. On the premise of reducing the additional market burden as much as possible, the policy parameters should take into account the influence of market behavior to formulate better policy parameters in line with China’s carbon emission peak goal. This paper constructs a combined hierarchical reinforcement learning with off-policy correction and multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (HIRO-MADDPG). It realizes the benefit analysis of the existing policy parameters joint with the solution of the optimal policy parameters. The algorithm solves the problem that benefit analysis and parameter formulation cannot be jointly trained and improves the precision. The results indicate: 1) HIRO-MADDPG algorithm can reach the highest policy benefits on the premise of maintaining market fairness; 2) under the new optimal policy parameters, the income per kilowatt hour of thermal power generator(TPG) and renewable power generator(RPG) can be maintained at 10% under the condition of abolishing subsidies; 3) with the help of the new policy parameters, China’s power sector will reach the peak of carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants in 2026 ahead of schedule, and reduce carbon emissions by a further 11% by 2030.

Demand-Side Green Certificate Policy for Renewable Dominated Power Systems

Demand-Side Green Certificate Policy for Renewable Dominated Power Systems

Does the high-tech enterprise certification policy promote innovation in China?

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of the high-tech enterprise certification policy on corporate innovation in China, by analyzing a unique dataset of listed companies and their affiliates from 2006 to 2015. We exclude firms certified after year 2009 from the sample, because they may have engaged in R&D manipulation. The findings show that the high-tech enterprise certification can promote corporate innovation in China, especially the innovation captured by invention patents and the intensity of policy matters. The study also concludes that the high-tech enterprise certification can influence enterprise innovation through ‘physical’ and ‘tacit’ channels. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that private enterprises, enterprises in more competitive industries, and equity-inspired enterprises benefit most from high-tech enterprise certification. This article helps understand the validity of innovation policies and driving forces of innovation.

Direct Listing or IPO?

Direct listing (DL) decouples capital raising from going public and bypasses underwriters. Theory and evidence from U.S. and U.K. markets show that (1) DL and IPO markets attract different types of firms. DL innovation caters to later-stage firms’ demand for public trading. (2) When adverse selection is severe, regulations are essential in shaping DL market participation and outcomes. (3) After DL innovation, firms and intermediaries enjoy welfare gains, while public investors may face higher risks. The results imply that better-developed private-capital and secondary-trading markets motivate DL innovation; imposing certification policies for investor protection promotes firm entry in the DL market.

Optimal certification policy, entry, and investment in the presence of public signals

AbstractWe explore the optimal disclosure policy of a certification intermediary where (i) the seller decides on entry and investment in product quality, and (ii) the buyers observe an additional public signal on quality. The optimal policy maximizes rent extraction from the seller by trading off incentives for entry and investment. We identify conditions under which full, partial or no disclosure can be optimal. The intermediary's report becomes noisier as the public signal gets more precise, but if the public signal is sufficiently precise, the intermediary resorts to full disclosure. However, the social welfare may reduce when the public signal becomes more informative.

Collaborative Governance dalam Kebijakan Sertifikasi Produksi Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga Kopi Bubuk Koto Tuo Kabupaten Tanah Datar

The facilitation in the implementation of the Ground Coffee Home Food Industry (IRTP) certification policy by Tanah Datar District has not been optimal. This situation is counterproductive, with Nagari Koto Tuo being listed as one of the largest producers of ground coffee in Tanah Datar Regency. Nearly 75% of the Nagari Koto Tuo people live from processing coffee from generation to generation for more than two generations. A total of 160 Ground Coffee IRTPs with 177 coffee trademarks are registered in Nagari Koto Tuo, ironically only 14 have SPP-IRT. The policy issued by BPOM RI No. 22/2018 for the ease of providing the Home Industry Food Production Certificate (SPP-IRT) has not been able to respond in policy by the Regency Governments. The Nagari Koto Tuo government is also limited in advocating for Ground Coffee IRTP. And, since the launch of the Village Fund, there have not been many programs/and budgets allocated related to this Nagari, coupled with the existence of Nagari Owned Enterprises (BUMNag), which do not have a core business according to the village potential, namely coffee. Research using qualitative methods with a case study approach to collaborative governance was conducted by identifying the involvement of actors and policies in providing IRTP for Ground Coffee. The collaborative governance model removes the barriers of actors related to synergy and policies that have been blocked in their respective powers and duties and their respective functions that nullify the society's potential. Collaboration between actors has proven to be an important element in the success of providing SPP-IRTP for Ground Coffee by optimizing socio-economic capital in village development. This is where the obstacles that occur that cause a lack of IRT-P.

Understanding Gender Differences in Students’ Perceptions of Competency Certification for Enhancing Sustainability in Higher Education

This study of 1780 college students in Korea explored gender differences in perceptions of competency certification programs in order to enhance sustainability in higher education. Structural equation modeling explained the optimal validity of the two-factor structure of perceptions between female and male students, and the structural relations between the two factors of competency were invariant across gender groups. A significant difference in latent means was found as well. The findings suggest that, for sustainable development, universities should develop systematic competency certification policies to accommodate students’ needs, as well as those of society, and help bridge the gender gap in the job market.

Teacher Certification Policy On State Elementary Schools

The purpose of this study was to determine how the teacher certification policy implementation process and how the certification affects the professionalism of teachers at Wanoja 01 Elementary School and to find out what are the constraints or inhibiting factors in the certification policy. This study uses a sociological juridical approach that uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach with the technique of determining informants using purposive techniques and is developed through the snowball technique. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the teacher certification policy at Wanoja 01 Elementary School, Salem Sub-District is good and fulfills the six variables of the implementation of public policy models of Van Meter and Van Horn. Certification has a positive role in the level of professionalism of teachers at Wanoja 01 Elementary School, Salem Sub-District. From the results of its implementation, there are several obstacles or obstacles faced. Such as the delay in disbursing the teacher professional allowance and the effect of teacher certification that has not shown significant results for teacher effectiveness in improving quality and quality.

지역사랑상품권 정책에서 넛지혼합의 필요성

지역사랑상품권 정책에서 넛지혼합의 필요성

Overlapping certification and technical efficiency of ICT convergence companies in South Korea

Abstract Since the late 1990s, in South Korea, two innovation certification policies—InnoBiz and Venture certifications—have fostered the innovation activities of venture companies and small- to medium-sized enterprises.The two certifications, however, share similar features in their policy goals, targets, and main content. This study aims to evaluate how technical efficiencies of firms differ based on the types of innovation certifications it achieves and examine the result when a firm simultaneously achieves overlapping certifications. We classified information and communication technology convergence firms into four different groups by certification type and evaluated their performance based on technical efficiency (TE) by applying stochastic frontier analysis and meta-frontier analysis. Our results show that the meta-frontier TE of the group with overlapping certifications is lower than that of the group with a single certification, implying that there is no remarkable performance improvement in terms of the efficiency, particularly when certifications sharing similar characteristics are implemented.

The meaning and duality of the monk certification policy in the Northern Dynasties

The meaning and duality of the monk certification policy in the Northern Dynasties

Achieving grid parity of solar PV power in China- The role of Tradable Green Certificate

Achieving grid parity of solar photovoltaic (PV) power in China has great implication for the future energy system transformation. In this work whether and when, and under what conditions the grid parity can be achieved are assessed, and especially the role of Tradable Green Certificate (TGC) policy in achieving the grid parity is explored. We first estimate the future levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of solar PV power using learning curve method, and then by comparing it with on-grid price of coal-fired power, the grid parity of solar PV power is determined. Specifically, using a panel dataset consisting of information of 541 solar PV power projects over the period of 2010–2016, the learning rate of PV power is estimated, based on which the future LCOEs are estimated. The results show that the LCOE of PV power decreases from 0.4631 CNY/kWh in 2018 to 0.3345 CNY/kWh in 2030 under the baseline scenario of the cumulative installed capacity, and the grid-parity of solar PV power may be achieved between 2023 and 2025. With the TGC policy being implemented, the grid parity can be achieved earlier. Specifically, with the TGCs price reaching 100 CNY, the grid parity can be achieved in 2020.

Effectiveness of Newly Reformed Teacher Education Program of ADE/B. Ed (Hons.): Student-Teachers' Perceptions

In Pakistan, the teacher education program has undergone a number of changes in terms of a new curriculum, quality measures and certification policies. The present study has attempted to assess the effectiveness of the program from student-teachers' perspectives. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 student-teachers from four public sector universities. An initial descriptive analysis showed that teaching quality has slightly improved. An institution with a better learning environment was better at meeting student-teachers expectation. Only 12% of the participants reported that 100% of their expectations were met, while 40% of the participants reported that 80% of their expectations were met by the program. There was no association between Strengths of the Program and Sex' as, ?2 (2, n = 165) = .588, p >.05, phi = .06. The association between Program Level (ADE, B. Ed) and Perceived Strengths of the Program was statistically significant as ?2 (3, n = 165) = 24.725, p >.0005, phi = .380. Institution Type and Perceived Strengths of the Program were also statistically significantly associated as ?2 (9, n= 165) = 80.060, p<.05.

A Study on the Effectiveness of the University Evaluation and Certification Policy: Focusing on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) of Universities

본 연구는 한국대학교육협의회에서 시행하는 대학 기관평가인증 정책의 효과성을 대학 균형성과표(BSC) 관점의 경영성과로 분석함으로써 우리나라 고등교육 평가정책의 효과성을 검증하였다. 이를 위해 대학의 성과에 대한 구성원의 의견 조사를 통해 대학의 교육 경쟁력을 강화할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 대학의 경영성과는 BSC에 따라 고객성과, 프로세스 성과, 학습 성장 성과, 재무성과로 이루어져 있으며, 이중 대학 고유의 기능인 교육의 관점에서 고객성과와 학습 성장 성과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 대학 기관평가인증에 대한 내부 구성원들의 인식이나 만족도는 높게 나타났으나, 기관평가인증 여부가 대학의 ‘고객 및 ‘학습 성장’과 관련한 경영성과에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 즉, 인증 또는 미인증(조건부, 유예) 변수보다는 대학의 특성(소재지)이나 대학 구성원들의 평가에 대한 준비도와 만족도에 따라 해당 대학의 성과가 달라진다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 향후 변별력 있는 기관평가인증을 위해 대학의 여건과 특성을 고려한 평가시스템 구축이 선행되어야 할 것이며, 후속연구를 위해 평가의 목적에 부합하는 대학 고유의 균형성과표 개발과 함께 유사한 대학평가 정책의 효과성 비교 연구가 필요하다는 점을 제안하였다.