Certain Type Of Person Research Articles

The Social Program as a Part of Development Strategies

In the search of optimal forms of social construction, the central axis is a dynamically developing education system and the corresponding new type of dynamically developing intelligence, a new personality. This position can be argued by the fact that the education system is a social industry, which prepares specialists with one type of thinking or another. In other words, this is the spiritual targeted development of a certain type of personality, which in its essence is a system of expanded reproduction of the spiritual culture of the members of a given society. Society is transformed and developed rapidly and the system of educational institutions, educational practice is a «bottleneck» for this process. The practice shows that educational institutions of different rank demonstrate quantitative growth of graduate specialists, without taking caring about the conformity of their qualities with the growing needs of modern social development. And in order to overcome this inconsistency, the creation of conditions for competition of the structural elements of the education system is necessary. The educational development of human resources, determining the set of the acquired systematic knowledge, skills and professional habits, as well as the acquired skills for further learning and analysis of knowledge, exchange and use of information in the process of professional activity, are namely the most important factor and the social objective of the whole social policy adequate to the requirements of the labor market and the economy based on knowledge. The active social program also features the dynamic adjustment regulation by using the feedback in its implementation. The functions of the adjustment regulator are a kind of solution of the problem of optimization of its components as a result of the changes in the conditions of life activity of the population – damping down of the external disturbing social impulses, arising in the implementation of the social program.

The assessment of detachment among university students: Validation of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire in educational contexts

<p>The objective of this study was to adapt and validate the <em>Recovery Experience Questionnaire</em> for use in an educational context. So far, this measure of detachment has mainly been used with workers. The study aimed to verify the factor validity and the criterion-related validity through correlation with self-regulation, engagement, coping strategies, and big-five personality dimensions in a sample of 468 Spanish university students. Several models proposed in the literature have been tested through confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained confirmed the presence of four factors: psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery and control, as observed in previous studies within a workplace setting. Correlations obtained between these factors and the variables considered verified that detachment is significantly and positively associated with self-regulation, engagement, coping strategies, and certain types of personality; on the other side, detachment is significantly and negatively associated with irritation.</p>

A Modest Proposal

A Modest Proposal Rachel Cooper (bio) Keywords DSM, values, philosophy, ethics There are many points on which I agree with Kayali Browne (2017). I agree that value judgments necessarily play a role in constructing a classification such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). I agree that people with different backgrounds and interests are likely to assess problems differently and that it would be a good idea for a more diverse body of people to have some involvement in revising the DSM. I agree that philosophers might usefully play a role when the DSM is being revised. Overall, however, I am not convinced that Kayali Browne's committee would be a good idea. In her vision, such a committee would constitute a group of wise moral experts who would help to make the value judgments implicit in the DSM as well-informed as possible. Along with many others I am skeptical of the idea that philosophers should be construed as moral experts in the sense of being particularly good at making practical moral decisions (see, for example, Archard, 2011; Engelhardt, 2002). I worry that philosophers may not actually be able to make all that much progress in addressing the sorts of deep moral question that Kayali Browne envisages being addressed (e.g., how to weight the diffuse social harms caused by medicalization against the benefits that particular individuals might gain from treatment, how to distinguish between willful wrongdoing and disordered behavior). Although philosophers have an important role to play in reminding people that such issues remain unaddressed and lurking behind the decisions that inform the DSM, I do not think that a committee would be required to achieve this modest goal. I also worry that a committee of philosophers armed with veto rights over proposed revisions to the DSM would strain relations between philosophy and psychiatry. The risk is that the philosophers would come to be viewed as know-nothing busybodies. Some prominent psychiatrists already take such a view when humanities scholars write on mental health topics (e.g., Brown, 2010; Pies, 2010). Rather than Kayali Browne's committee, I will suggest a more modest proposal. While Kayali Browne focusses on how hard and deep moral questions might be dealt with, I think the priority is to consider how tractable issues might be better addressed. I suggest how some value-based problems with the DSM might be avoided fairly easily, and then consider the particular roles that philosophers might play in revising the DSM. Some of the value-based problems that afflict the DSM arise because the committees that write the DSM tend to be composed of a certain type of person (typically, middle-aged, affluent, clever, White, male, doctors). When such people write diagnostic criteria, they do so with their implicit view of 'normality' in mind. It is very easy for such people to assume, for example, that 'normal' children will work hard at school and not get into trouble with the police, and that 'normal' adults will drink a bit, but not too much, and be fairly independent, and gainfully employed. On [End Page 207] occasion, such assumptions creep into diagnostic criteria and place the members of particular communities at increased risk of underdiagnosis or overdiagnosis. Often, all it takes for such criteria to be improved is for other people, with different life experiences and assumptions, to point out the biases that are at work. To illustrate, consider the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for phobia. In the DSM-IV, patients had to recognize their fears as unreasonable. In the DSM-5, the fear merely has to be judged by the clinician to be out of proportion. The change aimed to make possible the diagnosis of some older adults who develop intense fears, say of falling, but who perceive their fears to be reasonable (LeBeau et al., 2010). However, I suggest the revision was a mistake. Consider the case of someone who develops rational fears on the basis of information that the diagnosing clinician lacks. Take a scientist working on avian flu whose studies lead her to the conclusion that a worldwide pandemic is imminent. She comes to develop rational fears about sick birds...

Would You Like to Know More? Selection, Socialization, and the Political Attitudes of Military Veterans

Although research during the Vietnam era suggested that the political attitudes of American veterans were not significantly different from those of the public at large, more recent studies argue that this may not be the case for veterans of the all-volunteer military. Thus far, however, the reason for this difference has gone unexplored: are veterans from the volunteer era different because a certain type of person is drawn to military life (selection), or are their attitudes shaped by their service (socialization)? Using new survey data on the political attitudes of Americans, and statistical techniques designed to tease out the difference between selection and socialization effects, we examine this question, assessing the extent to which the two factors play a role in this attitudinal difference. Our results have implications for political representation, civil-military relations, and the role of formative experiences in political and psychological development more generally.

Relational goods and overcoming barriers to collective action

Relational goods contribute to understanding why people engage in collective action, notably including political participation, even though, as Olson showed, it would often be more rational for them to free-ride on the activity of others. Relational goods are neither public goods nor private goods but a third type of good. They must be jointly consumed with another person or persons (unlike private goods), but the identity of the other persons matters crucially (unlike the case for public goods). Relational goods can only exist by mutual agreement as part of a relationship with non-arbitrary others, in the context of an interaction. Friendship is a prototypical example. Relational goods can exist along a range of personal contact from direct, where individuals interact face to face, to indirect, where the interaction may be at a distance with a certain type of person. In the indirect case the relational good may frequently take the form of reinforcing a desired social identity. The distinction between “consumption” and “instrumental” goods applies, parallel with other usage. The consumption relational goods are produced independent of any consequences of the action or relationship, while the instrumental ones refl ect consequences, such as from an action that enhances the value of an identity. People who value relational goods may act collectively even if other net benefi ts of action are negative. Larger groups become more, not less, prone to collective activity. Relational goods provide a missing element to understand how the process of mobilization works at the individual level; leaders can infl uence people’s perceptions of what others are doing, of the value of a shared identity, and of the likelihood of success. Some limited empirical evidence is consistent with relational goods playing a role in enhancing collective action.

From endorsement to celebrity co-branding: Personality transfer

A brand’s personality is rooted in different sources, including its spokespersons, who can express individual values and visions of the self, in association with a certain type of personality. This study seeks to measure the extent to which a celebrity spokesperson’s personality transfers to the brand, as well as how this transfer influences consumers, using a co-branding framework. An empirical study of two ready-to-wear fashion brands specifies the conditions of a successful endorsement: The influence of personality transfers on consumer behavior varies with the brand’s reputation and the celebrity’s profile. Accordingly, the authors propose a new approach for selecting brand ambassadors on the basis of their personality and in the context of a form of co-branding.

An onion? Conceptualising and researchingidentity

An onion? Conceptualising and researching<i>identity</i>

Associations Between Chronotypes, Psychopathology, and Personality Among Incoming College Students

Chronotye is associated with age, sex, personality, and parental monitoring during childhood. The evening type is associated with poor school performance, sleep problems, anxious/depressive symptoms, tobacco smoking, caffeine consumption, alcohol drinking, and suicidality in adolescents. The present study tested the relationships between chronotype and a wide range of psychopathology and personality traits among 2919 incoming undergraduate students. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire that included demographics, plus the Morningness-Eveningness (M-E) scale, Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS), Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, and Maudesley Personality Inventory. The t-score distribution of the M-E scale was used to form the morning (t-score >60, n = 419), evening (t-score <40, n = 371), and intermediate (40 ≤ t-score ≤ 60, n = 2129) groups. Multivariable regression was employed for data analysis. For males, the evening type scored higher on all subscales of the BSRS than the morning type, except phobic anxiety. For females, the evening type had higher scores than the other two types on all subscales, except in obsession/compulsion and phobic anxiety, where the evening type only scored higher than the intermediate type. The evening type of both sexes also scored higher than the morning type in novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and neurotic personality characteristics, but lower than the morning type in extraversion and social desirability. In reward dependence, the evening type scored lowest for males, but there was no difference for females. The findings of the evening type being associated with possible psychopathology and certain types of personality have public health implications, that is, chronotype needs to be taken into account in the development of mental health prevention programs and assessment of and intervention for mental problems in young adults. (Author correspondence: gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw)

Selecting security champions

It takes a certain type of person to properly promote and manage security issues. But can we identify specific links between security behaviours and personality types? Trevor Gabriel and Steven Furnell of the University of Plymouth carried out a research study to find out. Experimental findings suggest that the personality facets of imagination and immoderation emerge as the strongest indicators, and so may provide a foundation for using personality tests as a contributor towards selecting the most appropriate staff to act as security champions. Recent years have seen an increased recognition of the need to assign security responsibilities. This is particularly evident at the management level, with the growth of security executive roles (eg, CISO, CSO). For instance, it has been reported that by 2009 approximately 85% of large organisations had such an executive in place, compared to 56% in 2008 and just 43% in 2006. 1 While this can certainly be considered to represent progress, there has perhaps been less attention to where, or more specifically to whom, security responsibilities should be assigned.

The Influence of Personality on Students’ Career Decisiveness – A Comparison between Chinese and German Economics and Management Students

Within the last decade, the relation between personality and career decisiveness has received increased attention. This study examines the country-specific influence of the Big Five personality traits on career decisiveness and its determinants, namely career related adaptability, career-related optimism, and career-related knowledge, among 406 Chinese and German economics and management students. The results show that personality traits affect career decisiveness and its determinants and that the effects partly differ across countries. The findings, their implications, and further research directions are discussed and suggestions for career counseling are made. Key words: career decisiveness, country comparison, personality traits 1. Introduction Research in the area of career psychology has attempted to understand the reasons behind career (in)decisiveness for the past decades (Newman et al. 1999). The link between personality and students' career planning has been seen one the factors influencing career decision making. Goldschmid (1967) already demonstrated that personality influences the choice of college majors. Jarlstrom (2000) showed that personality is related to the career expectations of students. In addition, Reed et al. (2004) demonstrated that personality factors influence the career choices of students. Bacanli (2006) pointed out that personality characteristics may be seen predictors for a student's career indecisiveness. These relationships cause a need for diverse career counseling for students with different personalities. As Rottinghaus et al. (2005) point out, examining career decisiveness might help career councilors to identify personal concerns, which interfere with career decision making. This is turn, makes counseling process more efficient Rottinghaus et al. (2005) developed the career futures inventory (CFI), which measures the career identity status or career plan. It measures positive career planning attitudes through career-related adaptability, optimism, and knowledge. These three factors appear to be an essential basis for successful career planning which leads to career decisiveness. So far, the literature has not examined the influence of students' nationality on career decisiveness even though recent studies (e.g., Church 2000; Hofstede/McCrae 2004) have shown that there is a link between national culture and personality traits. That is, personality and culture might be related concepts, and therefore, a certain type of personality might display itself in different forms in different nations. As firms become more and more international and hire students in various countries, it becomes of crucial importance for the human resource management of international organizations to be able to anticipate the career planning of students in the countries of operations. The objective of our study is to examine the influence of career-related adaptability, optimism, and knowledge on career decisiveness. In addition, we will investigate the influence of personality traits on students' career decisiveness and its antecedents. Furthermore, we will examine if the various relations are similar in two countries, China and Germany. Differences in career planning process would imply a differing need well diverse process of career counseling in the two countries. 2. The relation between personality and career planning Career planning is the fundamental first step in the course of career development, the process of general and vocational decision making. This, however, implies that individuals are aware of their interests, skills, and values. Furthermore the individuals are assumed to have an idea about the world of labor (Parsons 1909). As career planning is of diverse nature, Gutteridge (1986: 52) defines it as a deliberate process of (1) becoming aware of self, opportunities, constraints, choice and consequences; (2) identifying career-related goals, and (3) programming work, education and related developmental experiences to provide the direction, timing and sequence of steps to attain a specific career goal. …

Genetic contribution to the relationship between personality and depressive symptoms among older women

Prior studies suggest that certain types of personality are at higher risk for developing depressive disorders. This study examined the relationship between old age depressive symptoms and two middle-age personality dimensions, neuroticism and extraversion. The present study is part of the Finnish Twin Study on Aging, where altogether 409 female twins who had completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory at the age of 38-51 years were studied for depressive symptoms 28 years later using Center for the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression analysis suitable for dependent data and univariate and Cholesky models for decomposing the genetic and environmental factor were used. Middle age extraversion protected from later depressive symptoms while neuroticism increased the risk. Twin modeling indicated that the association between neuroticism and depressive symptoms resulted from shared genetic risk factors common to both traits. However, a substantial proportion of the genetic vulnerability was specific to old age depressive symptoms and was not shared with neuroticism. Middle age extraversion had no genetic relationship with old age depressive symptoms. The relationship between middle age neuroticism and old age depressive symptoms is strong but only partly the result of genetic factors that predispose to both neuroticism and depressive symptoms. Extraversion, by contrast, has no genetic relationship with depressive symptoms experienced in old age.

A COMMENT ON WILLIAM J. HOWE AND HUGH MCISAAC'S ARTICLE “FINDING THE BALANCE” PUBLISHED IN THE JANUARY 2008 ISSUE OF FAMILY COURT REVIEW

This article is a response to an article written by William Howe and Hugh McIsaac that questions their recommendations that court‐based mediation not be used when certain types of persons appear in court. We assert that it will be very difficult for the court to identify these people. Further, we argue that mediation practice has advanced so far that even these persons (those with serious issues of domestic violence, substance abuse, and mental health) should be given an opportunity to participate in mediation before being referred to the adversarial court process.

Anti-Homosexual and Gay: Rereading Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre's questions about anti-Semitism in Anti-Semite and Jew are ones we should want asked about heteronormativity—what causes it, what sustains it, why is so little being done about it, what should be done. Although the parallels between anti-Semitism and heteronormativity are not exact, relevant Sartrian ideas include nationalism, choosing to reason falsely, living in the future, and authenticity. Foremost is Sartre's claim that bigotry is not about ideas but a certain type of personality.

Anti-Homosexual and Gay: Rereading Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre's questions about anti-Semitism in Anti-Semite and Jew are ones we should want asked about heteronormativity—what causes it, what sustains it, why is so little being done about it, what should be done. Although the parallels between anti-Semitism and heteronormativity are not exact, relevant Sartrian ideas include nationalism, choosing to reason falsely, living in the future, and authenticity. Foremost is Sartre's claim that bigotry is not about ideas but a certain type of personality.

Surveying the surveyors

All Creatures: Naturalists, Collectors, and Biodiversity, 1850–1950 by Robert E Kohler Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA 380 pp, $35/£23 ISBN 0691125392 You might wonder how the history of biological field surveys could fill a whole book; however, these endeavours—and the biologists behind them—provide fascinating reading. In All Creatures: Naturalists, Collectors, and Biodiversity, 1850–1950 , Robert E. Kohler describes just what ‘creatures’ were involved. A certain type of person—typically middle‐aged men in comparatively well‐paid positions with lots of vacation time—formed a loosely organized, national volunteer group to survey nature. Kohler describes who these surveyors were, where they came from and why this guild of workers emerged in North American society. He also details their knowledge, experiences and the skills they needed to perform successful surveys. Importantly, Kohler distinguishes between explorers—collectors who hunted for curiosities to exhibit—and surveyors—naturalists who collected and numbered species in the pursuit of natural history and science. Kohler focuses on North …

The entangled dance of physics

Physics so permeates today’s world that we often can’t even see it.

Effects of Land Use Characteristics on Residence and Employment Location and Travel Behavior of Urban Adult Workers

The relationships between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, land use characteristics around the residence and work locations, and a variety of travel behavior indicators are examined by using a structural equations model. This simultaneous equations system allows one to model the effects of land use characteristics on travel behavior while controlling for self-selection bias: certain types of persons choose to live and work in areas that suit their lifestyles and resources. In the model, travel behavior choices are multidimensional; total time away from home, trips and trip distances by three types of modes, car ownership, and possession of a transit pass are included. Land use is captured in geographic information system–based measures of land use and transport supply variables centered on both home and work locations. These measures are reduced to eight land use factors. The analysis provides strong evidence in favor of using land use and urban form designs and planning both around residential neighborhoods and workplace areas. Results provide quantitative evidence of the extent to which workers living in denser, central, compact, and mixed zones make more intense use of transit and non-motorized modes and tend to have lower car ownership levels. Workers in areas well served by freeways tend to make more intense use of their cars, although this does not inhibit use of transit. The results show that land use measures differ in their ability to explain different travel demands even when controlling for socioeconomic and demographic effects.

Effects of Land Use Characteristics on Residence and Employment Location and Travel Behavior of Urban Adult Workers

The relationships between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, land use characteristics around the residence and work locations, and a variety of travel behavior indicators are examined by using a structural equations model. This simultaneous equations system allows one to model the effects of land use characteristics on travel behavior while controlling for self-selection bias: certain types of persons choose to live and work in areas that suit their lifestyles and resources. In the model, travel behavior choices are multidimensional; total time away from home, trips and trip distances by three types of modes, car ownership, and possession of a transit pass are included. Land use is captured in geographic information system-based measures of land use and transport supply variables centered on both home and work locations. These measures are reduced to eight land use factors. The analysis provides strong evidence in favor of using land use and urban form designs and planning both around resident...

Association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene functional polymorphism and novelty seeking personality in healthy females

A certain type of personality is at risk for developing psychiatric diseases. Several lines of evidence support the interaction between brain angiotensins and central catecholamine systems, and suggest that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) may be a reasonable candidate gene for psychiatric disorders. The present study examined the possibility that ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) functional polymorphism might be associated with particular personality traits. Healthy Japanese subjects ( N = 184) were administered the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the NEO Personality Inventory Revised version (NEO-PI-R), and their ACE I/D polymorphisms were determined. There was an ethnic difference in the genetic distribution of ACE I/D between Japanese (D = 34.5%) and Caucasians (D = 55.2%). We found that the scores of novelty seeking (NS) in the Low-ACE group (II genotype) of healthy female subjects were significantly lower than those in the High-ACE group (ID or DD genotype) ( p = 0.018). Our findings suggested that the ACE I/D polymorphism might be associated with the NS personality trait in females, but not males. Taking into account the effects of multiple comparisons, this result should be interpreted with caution, and needs confirmation in a larger sample.

Functional Polymorphism of the Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Gene Is Associated with Personality Traits in Healthy Subjects

Background: Several lines of evidence suggest that a certain type of personality or temperament as well as oxidative stress may be implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) plays a role in the antioxidant defense system. Objectives: The authors studied the association between the GPX1 gene polymorphism and personality traits in healthy subjects. Methods: One hundred forty-nine healthy subjects were enrolled. Analysis of the functional polymorphism (Pro198Leu) in the human GPX1 gene was performed. Results: Subjects with Pro198Pro have significantly higher scores in openness to experience on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) as compared with subjects with other genotypes (Pro198Leu or Leu198Leu). In contrast, we detected no association between other personality dimensions on the NEO-PI-R and scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory. Conclusion: This study reports that the functional polymorphism (Pro198Leu) in the GPX1 gene might be associated with openness to experience among the personality traits.