Modern anthropologists in general admit that the beginnings of culture in the history of man took place near the close of the Tertiary. In geologic time this represents somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,000,000 years, but man's even more primitive history probably long antedates this period. At the distant time of 1,000,000 years, man's whole existence was centered on the hunt for food, but even then crude stone implements were in use. For most of the period indicated, man was a primitive nomad. Progress was very slow, and no relatively great steps were made until toward the end of this 1,000,000-year period. Just when various advances were made we do not know, but between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago such innovations as the use of fire, construction of shelters, wearing of clothing, development of sculpture, utilization of bodily ornaments, practice of ceremonies, and formal burial of the dead were established at least among the more progressive peoples of that time. Still man was even then essentially a roving hunter. Some time approximating 8,000 to 10,000 years ago, there occurred an economic revolution of the greatest significance to man. This was the establishment of agriculture, the domestication of plants and animals, leading to a dependable food supply and thus the formation of permanent settlements, and the development of sedentary life. This economic revolution with its resulting division of labor gave man the opportunity to devote time, energy and attention to other things than merely providing daily food. With agriculture once established, the growth of urban communities, and marked advances in social, civil, political, and ecclesiastical organization, became possible. Thus soon following the beginning of the neolithic age about 10,000 B.C. came the establishment of ceramic industry, the manufacture of textiles, the use of copper, gold, meteoric iron, and, eventually, in the bronze and early iron ages, the development of metallurgy, followed in due time in man's advance by the invention of writing, and other innovations with which we are all more or less familiar. It seems probable that the domestication of animals preceded the do-