Ceramic Wall Research Articles

Simultaneous stereo‐PIV and OH×CH2O PLIF measurements in turbulent ultra lean CH4/H2 swirling wall‐impinging flames

We present experimental results from turbulent low-swirl lean H2/CH4 flames impinging on an inclined, cooled iso-thermal wall, based on simultaneous stereo-PIV and OH×CH2O PLIF measurements. By increasing the H2 fraction in the fuel while keeping Karlovitz number (Ka) fixed in a first series of flames, a fuel dependent near-wall flame structure is identified. Although Ka is constant, flames with high H2 fraction exhibit significantly more broken reaction zones. In addition, these high H2 fraction flames interact significantly more with the wall, stabilizing through the inner shear layer and well inside the near-wall swirling flow due to a higher resistance to mean strain rate. This flame-wall interaction is argued to increase the effective local Ka due to heat loss to the wall, as similar flames with a (near adiabatic) ceramic wall instead of a cooled wall exhibit significantly less flame brokenness. A second series of leaner flames were investigated near blow-off limit and showed complete quenching in the inner shear layer, where the mean strain rate matches the extinction strain rate extracted from 1D flames. For pure CH4 flames (Ka ≈ 30), the reaction zone remains thin up to the quenching point, while conversely for the 70% H2 flames (Ka ≈ 1100), the reaction zone is highly fragmented. Remarkably, in all near blow-off cases with CH4 in the fuel, a large cloud of CH2O persists downstream the quenching point, suggesting incomplete combustion. Finally, ultra lean pure hydrogen flames were also studied for equivalence ratios as low as 0.22, and through OH imaging, exhibit a clear transition from a cellular flame structure to a highly fragmented flame structure near blow-off.

Waste from Vanadium Production into Ceramic Wall Technology

Waste from Vanadium Production into Ceramic Wall Technology

Is the Soil-Cement Brick an Ecological Brick? An Analysis of the Life Cycle Environmental and Energy Performance of Masonry Walls

Masonry wall is a key construction subsystem, but it embodies significant environmental and energy burdens within the life cycle of buildings. Soil-cement bricks and blocks stand as an alternative low-cost masonry material, but despite the widespread claim to be environmentally friendly, more systematic investigation is lacking. This study aimed to assess the life cycle environmental and energy performance of 1.0 m2 of a soil-cement brick masonry wall from cradle-to-construction in terms of carbon, energy, and water footprints, and fossil and mineral resource use, as well as compare it with conventional technologies such as ceramic and concrete block masonries in Brazil. Results showed that raw materials are a major contribution to soil cement masonry walls, followed by the joints and links with columns, in which cement stands out among other inputs. Hydraulic pressing in brick production had a negligible burden increase compared with manual pressing. The PVA mortar joint outperformed the PVA glue one, whereas resin coating performed better than cement mortar. In comparison with ceramic and concrete masonry walls, the soil cement masonry presented overall better environmental and energy performance and was the least affected by the inclusion of finishing coating layers and transport of materials in the sensitivity analysis scenarios, although improved scenarios of conventional options could be competitive, e.g., ceramic masonry with blocks produced by firing reforested wood for the carbon footprint. Scale-up analysis revealed that widespread deployment of soil cement masonry in the built environment would substantially avoid environmental and energy burdens compared with conventional technologies.

Tenere un cielo per cinque anni

The article is dedicated to the great work of Ernesto Treccani for the house in via Porta in Milan, headquarters of Fondazione Corrente, conceived in the form of a sculpted and painted ceramic wall, consisting of over two thousand tiles, all different from each other. In this monumental work, Treccani shows a language that updates the line of post-impressionist Lombard tonalism according to the ways of a painting of matter and gesture

THE HEALİNG POWER OF ART GUZELYURT DİSTRİCT STATE HOSPİTAL CERAMİC WALL PANEL CASE

Geçmişten günümüze kadar insanoğlu, yaşadığı mekanların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda, fiziki şartlarının yerine getirilmesi yanında, estetik ihtiyacının da karşılamasına yönelik çalışmaları olmuştur. Burada sanatın çok önemli bir rolü vardır. Mimari yapılarda sanat eserlerinin kullanımı ile insan ve mekân arasında duygusal bir bağ kurulmaktadır. İnsan hayatının en önemli mekânı olan hastaneler, sağlık ihtiyacını karşılamak için yapılmış önemli yapılardır. Genellikle kişilerin sağlıkla ilgili yaşadıkları problemleri olduğu zaman zorunlu olarak gittikleri hastaneler, toplum içerisinde olumsuz çağrışımları olan mekanları içermektedir. Bu bağlamda son yıllarda bu algının kırılması için hastane yapılarında tasarım ve sanatsal çalışmalar boyutunda önemli değişmeler olduğu gözlenmektedir. Sanatın iyileştirici gücünün olduğu yapılan araştırmalarda kanıtlanmıştır. Seramik duvar panoları da günümüzde birçok hastanelerin bekleme salonlarında ve çeşitli bölgelerinde estetik ifade dili olarak yerini almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sanatın iyileştirici gücünün temel alınarak bu alanda yapılan araştırmaların literatür taraması yapılarak, sanat eserlerinin ve özellikle seramik duvar panoların, ülkemizde ve yurt dışından örneklerini sunmaktır. Bu çalışma kapsamında örnek olarak Aksaray Güzelyurt İlçe Devlet Hastanesine seramik duvar panosu tasarım ve uygulama süreci değerlendirilmiştir.

Phosphate waste rocks recycling in ceramic wall tiles: Technical performances

The phosphate mining industry produces large amounts of waste rocks during the open-pit mining operation. In the present paper, phosphate waste rocks, abundant in different regions of Morocco, are investigated as a candidate material for partial/entire replacement of conventionally used industrial minerals. Several recipes for the production of tiles are tested, based on raw materials from five representative phosphate waste rocks mine sites and a raw clay from Safi's region in Morocco. The phosphate waste rocks are shown to be mainly composed of phyllosilicates (smectite, sepiolite, and palygorskite), carbonates (dolomite and calcite), and silica frameworks (quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite) as major phases. The raw samples and calcined mixtures were characterized by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Properties analyses revealed that the produced ceramic tiles can be classified as porous bodies. The tiles based on 100% of phosphate waste rocks have shown excellent mechanical properties (∼55 MPa) in terms of compression and they can be used in the traditional wall tiles called “Zellige” in Morocco.

Producing ceramic wall material using industrial waste

Environmental motivation in industrial waste processing should be prioritized in national social development programs. Technogenic materials accumulate near industrial enterprises and significantly complicate the environmental situation in the regions. The article considers the possibility of utilizing technogenic waste (slag) from the Elektrostal Tyumen metallurgical plant. We propose including finely-ground slag in the raw charge for the production of wall ceramics, which can assist in reducing the plasticity number of the Kyshtyrlinsky clay deposit of Tyumen and its sintering temperature. The results obtained indicate an increase in the strength of the ceramic by 23.8%. A burn-out additive (wood flour) is additionally introduced into the raw material mixture to improve the thermal characteristics of ceramic products.

THE POSSIBILITY OF USING VANADIUM WASTE IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF WALL CERAMICS

A complex of physico-chemical studies was carried out: X-ray phase analysis, differential thermal analysis, chemical analysis of vanadium production waste. It has been established that these wastes containing 17.39 % Mn2O3 in their composition are promising raw materials for the production of volumetric wall ceramics. The effect of heat treatment at 200, 500, 600 and 700 ?C on the phase composition of vanadium production waste has been studied.

Ceramic Materials with the Use of Innovative Supplements

The use of by-products of the coal industry in the production of wall ceramics is quite relevant.Coal waste is a promising raw material base for the production of ceramic wall materials. Coal sludge is widely used in the production of clay bricks at factories in the Urals and Kazakhstan.The most mastered technology is the use of coal waste as an additive in the production of ceramic products. The use of local waste allowsto minimize raw material costs. A new are of recycling existing products will help to not only lower the cost of the future products, but will also preserve natural resources.

USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN CERAMIC BRICK TECHNOLOGY

The production of wall ceramics is one of the most material-intensive industries. It is known that the quality of ceramic products is determined by the properties of the raw materials used. The article provides information on changes in the properties of natural raw materials for the production of ce-ramic bricks. In the production of ceramic bricks, it was found that various man-made raw materials can be a good addition to natural raw materials.

Toward extreme high-temperature supercritical CO2 power cycles: Leakage characterization of ceramic 3D-printed heat exchangers

Future supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO 2 ) Brayton power cycles demand high-performance gas-to-gas heat exchangers (HXs) operating under extreme temperature and pressure conditions at which most existing superalloy materials fail to function safely. Ceramic HXs are deemed excellent candidates for advanced sCO 2 power plants as they can withstand high-temperature working environments. Particularly, ceramic 3D printing enables compact HX topologies employing complex and efficient heat transfer features. However, ceramic 3D-printed walls separating hot and cold flow streams are susceptible to a through-plane leakage inherent to a powder-based manufacturing process, including ceramic 3D printing. A potential leakage through ceramic separating walls poses a significant challenge in developing reliable ceramic 3D-printed HXs and could deteriorate thermal performance. In this study, various parameters, including feedstock slurry, 3D-printing direction, and post-processing conditions, are considered, for the first time, to characterize the argon gas leakage rate associated with alumina 3D-printed parts. Three 3D-printed ceramic structures of flat plates, curved tubes, and small-scale plate-and-frame HXs with various thicknesses are systematically studied to determine powder and ceramic 3D-printing conditions to eliminate the through-plane leakage. The results showed that an alumina 3D-printed plate with a thickness of 0.75 mm demonstrates a permeability of 6 × 10 −4 milli-darcy. An alumina 3D-printed tube with a wall thickness of 0.9 mm revealed a permeability of 9.6 × 10 −7 milli-darcy. Furthermore, leakage test results of functional 3D-printed modules showed a dependency on the 3D-printing direction. Particularly, alumina cell-scale HXs employing 1.5-mm-thick horizontal and vertical 3D-printed separating walls demonstrated impermeability and gas permeability of 7.2 × 10 −5 millidarcy, respectively. Insights gained from the present study facilitate the development of complex ceramic 3D-printed HXs and other balance of plant components for next-generation high-temperature high-pressure sCO 2 power cycles. • Gas leakage rates of ceramic 3D-printed modules, including flat plates, curved tubes, and heat exchangers, were examined. • Effects of feedstock slurry, 3D-printing direction, and post-processing conditions on leakage rate, were considered. • Enhancing the slurry quality resulted in a noticeable decrease in the leakage rate of alumina 3D-printed modules. • At the same wall thickness, a horizontal alumina 3D-printed wall shows a lower leakage rate than a vertical wall

Alternative resource of incineration bottom ash for ceramic tile production

In long run, the ceramic industry's environmental footprint is a serious issue for its survival. This study focused on the substitution of clay (kaolin) by incinerated bottom ash, which is generated from reppi waste to energy power plants for ceramic wall tile production. Dry pressed ceramic wall tile samples were prepared by adding bottom ash from 0 to 60 wt% with clay (kaolin). The sample was analyzed after sintered at 1110°C for the residence time of 45 min by testing water absorption, breaking strength, and flexural strength. The water absorption is greater than 10%, and higher flexural strength of 24.83 MPa was obtained for the clay with 30 wt% incinerated bottom ash addition. Encouraging test result has been obtained on using up to 30% of incineration bottom ash in the manufacturing of dry pressed ceramic wall tile to substitute clay (kaolin).

Производство керамических изделий на основе отходов топливно-энергетических комплексов

The subject of this article is to determine the characteristics of naturally burnt rocks and gliegs used as additives for the production of ceramic wall materials. The purpose of the study is to save raw materials used in the production of ceramic wall products and reduce their cost. Research methods, chemical and mineral compositions, features of their structure are considered. The possibility of using fuel and energy complex waste as leaners and burnable additives in the production of ceramic products expands the raw material base of building materials. In addition, issues of solving environmental problems, industrial waste disposal and environmental protection were discussed. Particular attention is paid to rocks containing excavated coal seams and naturally burnt. The cause of the fire is the tendency of some types of coal to ignite spontaneously. An important role in the occurrence of fires is played by the erosive activity of surface watercourses, which led to the opening of coal seams and an increase in oxygen access. The spread of fires is often affected by the thickness, consistency of the coal, and a number of other factors.

Equations for Calculating the Thermal Conductivity of Capillary-Porous Materials with over Sorption Moisture Content

This article is the result of the authors’ work on the method of calculating the effective thermal conductivity of moist capillary-porous materials used in wall partitions. The proposed methodology was developed based on the theory of generalized conductivity and geometric modeling of the structure. Materials are considered as heterogeneous ternary systems consisting of a solid skeleton, gas and liquid, and all components are simultaneously taken into account in the calculation. In this work, additional equations are constructed that allow calculation of the effective thermal conductivity of capillary-porous materials with over sorption moisture, thus extending the scope of application of the method to the entire possible range of changes in moisture content. The details of calculating the thermal conductivity of moist capillary-porous materials are demonstrated using experimental data for wall ceramics samples. It is shown that the proposed equations are capable of predicting the thermal conductivity of moist capillary-porous materials with sufficient accuracy. Knowledge of the thermal conductivity of materials in conditions of their actual moisture is fundamental in the sustainable design of new buildings as well as thermo-renovation and dump protection of historic ones.

Development of Ceramic Tiles from Philippine Nickel Laterite Mine Waste by Ceramic Casting Method

Siltation is the biggest environmental challenge associated with nickel laterite mining in the Philippines. The amount of silt generated is huge and one mitigation strategy currently employed by the mining companies is the construction of siltation ponds where the bulk of the clayey- and silt-sized surface runoffs is collected. However, this poses several serious environmental hazards such as landslides due to heavy rainfall and the potential release of hazardous heavy metals. A promising approach to reduce the risks associated with long-term storage of nickel mine waste (NMW) is to employ circular economy by repurposing it for ceramic applications. While generating useful materials with economic value out of a mine waste, it will result in a reduction in volume of waste for disposal. In this study, the method employed to produce NMW-based ceramic wall and floor tiles is slip casting as it is the most appropriate method in forming tiles with complex surface features. Five formulations of NMW-based slips were made for the casting of ceramic tiles and each slip was characterized for its suitability as raw material. The results of NMW characterization show that NMW could be utilized as raw materials for both ceramic wall and floor tiles and the addition of feldspar can enhance casting and physical properties.

Study on Interface Bonding Properties between Foamed Ceramics and Foamed Concrete

Foamed ceramic foam concrete composite wall was prepared by a direct casting method. Compressive and tensile tests were carried out on different densities of foamed ceramic boards. Changing rules of interface bonding properties of the composite wall under the influence of foamed concrete age, the surface treatment of foamed ceramic boards, and exposure to freeze–thaw cycles were studied; and the failure mechanism was analyzed and discussed. The results show that a foamed ceramic board with a density of 410 kg/m3 is suitable for a panel of composite wallboard; when the age of the foam concrete increases from 3 to 7 days, and the interface bond strength of the composite wallboard increases, then the bonding strength of the composite wallboard gradually decreases with the increase in age; with the increase in freeze–thaw cycles, the interface bond strength of the composite wallboard decreases gradually. The interface agent was pre-painted on the foamed ceramic board, which can improve the interface bonding strength of the composite wallboard. The drying, shrinkage, and freezing and thawing cycles of the foam concrete have a great influence on the interface bond strength of the composite wallboard. The perforated long hole and rubber sleeve can be used to improve the safety of the composite wallboard.

Advanced Design and Fabrication of Islamic Tile Ceramic Wall Tiles With Indonesian Batik Patterns Using Artistic CAD/CAM and 3D Printing Technology

The ceramic tile wall is a decorative element used inside restaurants, museums, hotels, aristocratic residences, and places of worship. It plays a critical role in the development of a structure with strong personality and unique qualities by providing relief patterns specific to history or era. The demand for distinctive ornamental wall ceramics that can be mass produced with precision and accuracy has been a challenge for numerous ceramic enterprises in Indonesia, which have historically relied on the skills of artistic professionals in a handmaking process. The purpose of this research was therefore to develop and apply a ceramic tile design process that integrates computer design and fabrication methods with traditional ceramic production techniques. Using the ArtCAM 2015R2 software, photos of batik and Islamic themes were effectively converted into a 2.5D computer-aided design model. Additive manufacturing technology was then used in conjunction with Objet30 Pro 3D printer to precisely produce master molds with Islamic nuances such as puzzle and floral patterns, then conventional ceramic fabrication technology was employed to produce ceramic tiles using these molds. By combining computer-aided design and rapid prototyping technologies, a variety of exact and detailed Islamic decorative ceramic wall tiles were produced with dimensional accuracies within 2.00 mm. Furthermore, the proposed approach demonstrated a 90% reduction in design-to-production time from to 10–12 months to roughly 1–1.5 months.

Experimental Study with Plaster Mortars Made with Recycled Aggregate and Thermal Insulation Residues for Application in Building

The high demand for natural resources and increased industrial activity is driving the construction sector to search for new, more environmentally friendly materials. This research aims to analyse plaster mortars with the incorporation of construction and demolition waste (CDW) to move towards a more sustainable building sector. Three types of aggregates (natural, recycled concrete and recycled from ceramic walls) and two types of insulation waste (expanded polystyrene with graphite and mineral wool) have been added to the plaster matrix to evaluate its mechanical and physical properties and its suitability in the elaboration of prefabricated materials. The results show how plaster mortars made with recycled aggregates have higher mechanical resistance than conventional plaster without incorporating sand. The incorporation of crushed mineral wool residues improves the flexural strength of plaster mortars and their application in the execution of prefabricated panels. Likewise, the expanded polystyrene residues reduce the final density of mortars, improving their behaviour against water absorption and reducing the final thermal conductivity of plaster material.

Experimental Investigation into Flue Gas Water and Waste Heat Recovery Using a Purge Gas Ceramic Membrane Condenser.

The direct discharge of wet saturated flue gas from a coal-fired power plant boiler causes a lot of water and waste heat loss. An inorganic ceramic membrane condenser recovers water and waste heat from the flue gas, which has great significance to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce water consumption. However, the flue gas temperature is relatively low; thus, it is difficult to effectively utilize waste heat. In this paper, it is attempted to use the boiler secondary air as the cooling medium of the ceramic membrane condenser to realize the flue gas waste heat reuse. Based on the above ideas, a purge gas ceramic membrane condenser experimental platform was built for the water and waste heat recovery from the flue gas, and the water and waste heat recovery characteristics and the purge gas outlet parameters were discussed. Simultaneously, the heat transfer resistance and water recovery power consumption are also analyzed. The experimental results show that the water and waste heat recovery characteristics are enhanced with the purge gas flow increases. Increasing the flue gas temperature will increase the water recovery rate and heat recovery power. The ceramic membrane transmission efficiency is a key factor in restricting the actual water recovery efficiency. The purge gas absorbs the water and waste heat from the flue gas, the purge gas temperature and moisture content are significantly increased, and the purge gas relative humidity is also close to saturation. The Biot number of the ceramic membrane condenser is about 3.2 × 10–3 to 1.9 × 10–2; thus, the ceramic membrane tube wall thermal resistance can be neglected. There is a temperature difference between the flue gas and the purge gas, and the entropy production value of the ceramic membrane condenser increases with the flue gas temperature increases by the irreversible process.

Experimental Investigation on Feasibility of utilizing Phosphogypsum in E-Glass Fiber-incorporated Non-fired Ceramic Wall Tile

Experimental Investigation on Feasibility of utilizing Phosphogypsum in E-Glass Fiber-incorporated Non-fired Ceramic Wall Tile