Performance Of Ceramic Membranes Research Articles

Waste heat recovery in carbon capture process using a novel amphipathic inorganic membrane

To reduce the CO2 regeneration heat requirement in the CO2 chemical absorption process, a novel amphipathic ceramic membrane-based transport membrane condenser was developed in this study to act as a heat transfer medium in the rich solvent-split mechanism for enhancing the waste heat recovery performance from the stripped gas (i.e., mainly the gas mixture of CO2 and water vapor). Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments coexisted on one membrane surface of amphipathic ceramic membrane, while the other surface was totally hydrophilic. The surface characterization and waste heat recovery performance of the flat sheet amphipathic membrane were investigated, and the original hydrophilic ceramic membrane was adopted as the control. Results showed that the water contact angle with 108.9 ± 4° was screened for the hydrophobic surface of the ceramic membrane to achieve the best waste heat recovery performance. Additionally, the waste heat recovery performance of amphipathic membrane firstly increased and then dropped with an increase in the area ratio of hydrophobic surface to the total membrane surface. The maximum waste heat recovery of 13.39 MJ/(m2·h) was achieved at a hydrophobic area ratio of 37.5 % without segmenting by the hydrophilic surface, which was 5.6 % higher than that of the original hydrophilic ceramic membrane. Furthermore, the maximum water recovery of amphipathic membrane was 8.24 % higher than the original hydrophilic ceramic membrane. When the total area of hydrophobic surface was fixed, dividing the hydrophobic surface into two equally sized hydrophobic segments spaced by the hydrophilic segments could further improve the waste heat recovery performance of amphipathic membrane. This study might provide a new insight on improving the waste heat recovery performance of ceramic membrane.

Stabilized oily-wastewater separation based on superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic ceramic membranes: Integrated experimental design and standalone machine learning algorithms

BackgroundReliable computational approaches to evaluate ceramic membrane performance in wastewater treatment mark a transformative step towards optimizing separation processes, ensuring environmental sustainability, and advancing water purification technologies. The current study explores the influential factors using artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the performance evaluation of superhydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic ceramic membranes for the selective treatment of oily wastewater. MethodsThe chemometrics scenario of the research based on established experimental work employs advanced AI models viz: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to predict the efficacy of these membranes in terms of rejection and flux. The model predictions were evaluated using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Willmott Index (WI), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Significant findingsFrom the results, GPR had shown good agreement with correlations (WI=99.9) during the training and testing phases for flux prediction, indicating an exceptional model fit with negligible error (MAPE=0.001, MAE=0.000 in the testing phase). For rejection modelling, GPR and SVR exhibit similar levels of accuracy, with moderate PCC and WI values, while RF reveals significant limitations with the lowest scores across all statistical metrics. The findings highlight the potential of AI in optimizing wastewater treatment processes, with GPR identified as the most promising model for flux prediction. This study would provide insight into the modelling of the membrane separation process for oily wastewater and integrate AI in the performance evaluation of wastewater reclamation.

Enhancing anti-fouling performance of ceramic membranes through iron oxide modification for the separation of oil-containing fermentation broth

Ceramic membranes are increasingly recognized for their effectiveness in processing fermentation broths. However, developing ceramic membranes with superior anti-fouling properties remains a challenge for large-scale applications. Iron oxide nanomaterials have gained significant research interest as a cost-effective and readily available solution for mitigating membrane fouling, thanks to their excellent hydrophilicity. This study introduces ceramic membranes enhanced with iron oxide via a facile sol-gel technique. The membrane's resistance to fouling, hydrophilicity, adhesion force, and surface potential were assessed. Post-modification, a consistent distribution of iron elements on the membrane surface was achieved, with negligible alteration in pore size. Although the pure water permeance (450 ± 45 L m−2 h−1·bar−1) did not change significantly, the permeance of the modified membrane (225 L m−2 h−1·bar−1) was nearly 20 % higher than that of the original membrane when separating a 1000 ppm oil-in-water emulsion, with both membranes achieving 99 % oil droplet rejection. Moreover, the flux recovery rate of the modified membrane surpassed that of the original membrane by approximately 30 %, indicating a significant improvement in anti-fouling performance. Upscaling experiments further validated the modified membrane's anti-fouling performance and capability to rapidly process broths with high oil content. Overall, this study presents a novel anti-fouling ceramic membrane for the treatment of oil-containing fermentation systems.

Construction of anti-fouling ceramic tubular membranes with corrugated inner surfaces using DLP 3D printing

The challenge of membrane fouling persistently hinders the advancement of membrane technology. The construction of patterned membrane surfaces is anticipated to mitigate the effects of membrane fouling significantly. In this study, ceramic microfiltration membranes with corrugated patterns were fabricated by 3D printing combined with the dip-coating process. To assess the impact of surface patterning on ceramic membrane performance, we initially compared the pore size and pure water flux between straight and corrugated membrane tubes. Both configurations exhibited similar parameters: a support pore size of approximately 1 μm, a membrane layer pore size of about 110 nm, and a pure water permeance of around 950 L m−2 h−1·bar−1. The corrugated ceramic membranes demonstrated superior anti-fouling properties compared to their straight counterparts during the filtration of nanoparticle suspensions, oil-in-water emulsions, and bacterial suspensions. Specifically, under a nanoparticle suspension concentration of 2000 ppm, a transmembrane pressure of 0.2 MPa, and a flow rate of 1.0 m s−1, the corrugated membrane achieved a stable flux of approximately 1.7 times greater than that of the straight membrane. Furthermore, we explored the effects of surface patterning on fluid dynamics through numerical simulations. The enhanced turbulence dissipation rate in the patterned membrane tubes suggests increased surface turbulence and an improved capacity to remove contaminants. This research offers novel insights into the development of ceramic membranes with enhanced anti-fouling capabilities for water treatment.

Assessment of production variables on the performance of ceramic membranes

Water crisis is one of the most important topics nowadays. The water crisis is approaching due to several factors, which is why finding alternative sources of water is important. Water treatment has gained its importance as it decreases the amount of waste water in addition to producing water that can be used in different applications based on its characteristics. Several water treatment techniques are present nowadays; however, research is needed to lower the cost of such techniques in addition to increasing productivity and maximize their range of applicability. Several water treatment techniques are capable of producing fresh water from different types of feed water (saline water, waste water, etc.), these techniques include membrane technologies and thermal technologies. Due to high energy consumption, and lower productivity in thermal techniques membrane techniques are mostly used nowadays in the applications of water treatment. Ceramic membranes have attracted researchers due to their characteristics and wide range of applicability. In this paper, different ceramic membrane types are illustrated; production techniques and the effect of each production variable on the membrane characteristics are shown, in addition to applying a comparison between different additives. Finally, a comparison of performance is carried out.

Treatment of food processing industries wastewaters using a new clay-based inorganic membrane: Performance evaluation and fouling analysis

BackgroundCeramic membranes are intensely extending their applicability in wastewater treatment due to their excellent resistance to corrosive environment, anti-fouling nature, and longer lifetime. To further widen the usage of ceramic membranes despite of their high cost, development of inexpensive ceramic membranes is highly anticipated. MethodA novel inexpensive Fuller's earth clay ceramic membrane's performance was evaluated in treating the wastewater obtained from two food processing industries, namely the dairy industry and palm oil industry, by varying the applied pressure from 0.35 – 2 bar. Furthermore, the fouling mechanism concerning the microfiltration of wastewater was identified with the help of Hermia's pore blocking models. Significant FindingsThe prepared novel Fuller's earth clay ceramic membrane significantly reduced COD content below the permissible discharge limit (< 200 mg/L) for dairy and palm oil industry wastewaters at a pressure of 0.35 bar. Notably, 98 – 99 % removal of turbidity and suspended solids was achieved. Also, the total phosphorus content was brought down below the permissible discharge limit of 5 mg/L. From fouling analysis, it was inferred that the cake filtration model appropriately fits the obtained experimental results, confirming the anti-fouling nature of the fabricated clay membrane in treating food process industries' wastewater.

Pretreatment of Glucose-Fructose Syrup with Ceramic Membrane Ultrafiltration Coupled with Activated Carbon.

Ceramic membranes are applied to remove non-sugar impurities, including proteins, colloids and starch, from glucose-fructose syrup that is dissolved from raw sugar using acid. The performance of ceramic membranes with 0.05 μm pores in clarifying high-fructose syrup was investigated under various operating conditions. The flux decreased rapidly at the start of the experiment and then tended to stabilize at a temperature of 90 °C, a transmembrane pressure of 2.5 bar, and cross-flow velocity of 5 m/s under total reflux operation. Moreover, the steady-state flux was measured at 181.65 Lm-2 h-1, and the turbidity of glucose-fructose syrup was reduced from 92.15 NTU to 0.70 NTU. Although membrane fouling is inevitable, it can be effectively controlled by developing a practical approach to regenerating membranes. Mathematical model predictions, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that foulants primarily responsible for fouling are composed of polysaccharides, proteins, sucrose, phenols, and some metal elements, such as calcium, aluminum, and potassium. Due to the removal of suspended colloidal solids, the membrane-filtered glucose-fructose syrup was decolorized using activated carbon; the filtration rate was effectively improved. A linear relationship between volume increase in syrup and time was observed. A decolorization rate of 90% can be obtained by adding 0.6 (w/w) % of activated carbon. The pretreatment of glucose-fructose syrup using a ceramic membrane coupled with activated carbon results in low turbidity and color value. This information is essential for advancing glucose-fructose syrup and crystalline fructose production technology.

CO2 capture performance of ceramic membrane with superhydrophobic modification based on deposited SiO2 particles

Membrane absorption is a promising CO2 capture technology, which is limited by the high cost of membrane materials. Coal fly ash (CFA)-based ceramic membrane as an alternative material for membrane modules can effectively reduce the preparation cost. In this study, CFA-based ceramic membrane with superhydrophobic properties is prepared by depositing SiO2 nanoparticles and grafting 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS). Characters including pore size distribution, porosity and N2 flux of superhydrophobic membrane are performed. The superhydrophobic modified ceramic membrane is applied to CO2 capture experiments using ethanolamine (MEA) solution as the absorbent. The result shows that the contact angle of the modified ceramic membrane reaches 155.0°, which significantly improves the anti-wetting properties of the membrane surface. The CO2 capture experiment demonstrates a maximum capture efficiency of 97.45% and a mass transfer rate of 21.17 mol/(m2·h). In addition, the superhydrophobic modified ceramic membrane exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability, sustaining high performance even after 8 h of continuous operation. This study provides the theoretical and empirical foundation for the application of CFA-based superhydrophobic ceramic membranes in CO2 capture.

Enhancing performance of ceramic membrane in CO2 membrane absorption: Single-to multi-channel

Membrane absorption technology has received high attention for CO2 capture, but the brittleness of ceramic membranes limits its miniaturization. Here, founding that ceramic membrane with multi-channel geometry can not only have high specific surface area but also maintain high mechanical strength with small size. In this work, a four-channel ceramic membrane was used to test and compare performance with several single-channel membranes. This four-channel membrane had highest CO2 absorption flux of 4.83 mol m−3 s−1 and KOG of 1.26 mm s−1 among them. Then membrane phase resistance and its contribution to overall mass transfer resistance were analyzed to evaluate the impact of the membrane thickness or geometry. Owing to the undetermined thickness of multi-channel membrane, the absorption performance equivalent thickness was obtained through the simulation to be 0.23 mm using 2 M MEA. Moreover, a preliminary geometric design was attempted and CO2 absorption performances of different multi-channel membranes were compared based on above model.

Utilizing bioinspired AgNPs as an antibacterial agent to enhance ceramic membrane performance

In this study, a ceramic membrane using kaolin (40% w/w) as a primary precursor was fabricated by the uniaxial dry compaction technique at a sintering temperature of 900 °C (as negligible weight loss >850 °C) and functionalized by bioinspired Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Sechium edule extract for the treatment of sewage water. The Ag+ adsorption of 99% on the bare membrane was achieved at pH 7. The X-ray diffraction pattern not only confirmed significant phase transformations during the sintering operation but also the presence of highly crystalline AgNPs in the modified membrane. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis was used to study AgNPs formation based on surface plasmon effect, if any, on the modified membrane surface. AgNPs modified membrane showed a 60.5% decrease in surface area compared to bare membrane due to AgNPs impregnation. AgNPs (average size 29.54 nm) exhibited a uniform morphological distribution on the modified membrane, which decreased its average pore size and porosity from 3.09 to 2.64 µm and 47.91–44.97%, respectively. The pure water flux of bare and AgNPs modified membranes were 8.1 ± 0.09 × 10−4 and 6.33 ± 0.12 × 10−4 m3.m−2.s−1, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of bare membrane against E. coli, S. aureus, and bacterial strains in sewage water was found to be 37.03 ± 2.73, 52.64 ± 3.49, and 53.03 ± 6.80%, respectively. AgNPs functionalized ceramic membrane could completely (∼100%) inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and bacterial strains in sewage water during filtration.

Enhancing performance of ceramic membranes for recovering water and heat from flue gas

Transport membrane condenser can efficiently recover water and heat from wet flue gas. Ceramic membrane is the heat and mass transfer medium in the process. However, the relationship between membrane property and the recovery performance is only partially reported based on current research state. This work focuses on the effects of permeability, material, and ceramic particle size of membrane on the water and heat recovery. Membranes were prepared from three different sizes of coal fly ash and an alumina powder. Water and heat recovery performances of the membranes are experimentally compared. Results indicate that increasing membrane permeability improves water and heat recovery because the resistance of heat and mass transfer is reduced. The alumina membrane performs 3–10% more water recovery than the coal fly ash-based membrane while thermal conductivity of the alumina membrane was 11.5 times that of the coal fly ash-based membrane. Increasing ceramic particle size shows two opposite effects on the water and heat recovery, promotion because of the permeability rising, and undermine because of the thermal conductivity reduction. Low-cost membranes with high permeability and high thermal conductivity are recommended in transport membrane condenser application.

Effect of activated carbon made from oil palm empty-fruit bunch and iron oxide powder on the performance of ceramic membrane

The high cost of commercial membranes has boosted the search for alternative materials to be used as a substitute to facilitate the practical application of this technology. One of the most promising alternatives to commercial membranes is ceramic clay-based materials. Their low cost, natural availability, and long-term functional robustness make these cost-effective materials feasible for scaled-up systems. In this work, ceramic membranes containing different amounts of activated carbon were made from oil palm empty-fruit bunch (AC-OPEFB) (20, 15, and 10 wt%) and iron oxide powder (2.5 wt%). These membranes were utilised to remove contaminants of Fe, Mn, Zn, NH3–N, and PO4. The most favourable rejection percentages for each contaminant in this work are 92.03, 97.08, 99.67, 84.56, and 87.10%. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis results show that the membrane surface area has an inverse relationship with AC-OPEFB composition (wt.%) contained in the membrane.

CO2 capture based on Al2O3 ceramic membrane with hydrophobic modification

In this paper, Al2O3 ceramic membrane is modified to hydrophobicity by grafting 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. And its properties are characterized in detail. CO2 capture performance of ceramic membrane is investigated by experiments. Results show that wetting resistance after modification is significantly improved, and contact angle increases from the initial 49.8–130.9°. However, hydrophobic modification has no significant effect on the crystalline phase, surface morphology and pore size distribution of the ceramic membrane. With ethanolamine (MEA) as absorbent, CO2 mass transfer rate and capture efficiency using modified hydrophobic ceramic membrane are 46.6 × 10−3 mol/(m2·s) and 98.0%, showing significantly increase compared to the original membrane. After 72 h immersion in MEA solution, quality of ceramic membrane does not change significantly. And there is almost no change in average pore size. We believe this study will provide a reference for the industrial application for CO2 capture by gas-liquid membrane contactor with ceramic membrane.

Development and comprehensive characterization of low-cost hybrid clay based ceramic membrane for power enhancement in plant based microbial fuel cells (PMFCs)

A variety of low-cost hybrid clay based ceramic membranes were developed for application in plant based microbial fuel cells (PMFCs). The membranes were prepared by using locally available clay mixed with varying concentrations of sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, boric acid, bentonite, and fly ash. Physiochemical characterization was carried out by using TGA, XRD, FESEM, FTIR, flexural strength test, water uptake, proton conductivity, oxygen and acetate diffusion and compared with Nafion117. Performance of ceramic membranes in PMFCs was evaluated by using the plant E. aureum with carbon fiber brush electrode. Membrane having composition of clay-55%, bentonite-15%, flyash-15%, Na2Co3-8%, Na2Sio3-2%, H3Bo3-5% exhibited maximum power density of 22.38 mW m−2 which was 78% higher than control (100% clay) with a decrease in internal resistance from 346 Ω to 234 Ω. The study demonstrates that the addition of bentonite, fly ash, Na2Co3, Na2Sio3 and H3Bo3 with clay at a concentration of 15%, 15%, 8%, 2%, and 5% respectively improved membrane cation transport ability, reducing oxygen diffusion and substrate crossover at the same time. The membrane demonstrated extreme stability for long term operations involving more than six months’ period. The low cost of production of clay based ceramic membrane at ₹1279/ft2 can be a good alternative to highly priced commercially available proton exchange membranes.

Improved negative charge of tight ceramic ultrafiltration membranes for protein-resistant and easy-cleaning performance

Fouling caused by adsorption is a challenge in protein separation and purification using membrane technology. The interaction between the membrane surface and proteins is significant for developing antifouling modified membranes. In this study, a negative ZrO2 tubular ceramic membrane was constructed by grafting polyacrylic acid (PAA) to mitigate protein fouling. PAA of 2000 Da had little effect on the membrane pore and surface wettability, as characterized by XPS, dextran retention, contact angle, and water permeance. The protein resistance of the modified membrane was investigated by protein filtration. The modified membranes had a higher stable normalized flux (0.6) and flux recovery ratio (90 %) than that of the original membrane. In addition, the performance of the modified membranes was sensitive to the pore sizes of the original membranes. When the original membrane was unable to completely reject bovine serum albumin (BSA), the weak interaction between BSA and the membrane pores would reduce rejection after PAA modification. And the flux recovery ratio of modified membrane increased by 55 %. Overall, PAA modification reduces irreversible fouling by electrostatic repulsion, and improves the protein-resistant and easy-cleaning performance of ceramic membranes.

Performance of Ceramic Membrane Modified with Corncob Activated Carbon for Efficient Remazol Red Removal in Batik Wastewater

A ceramic membrane modified with corncob activated carbon (CMCC) has been successfully prepared and used to reduce the concentration of remazol red in batik wastewater. This research aims to study the effect of corncob activated carbon (CC) in the ceramic membrane on the porosity of the ceramic membrane and its ability to reduce the concentration of remazol red dye in batik wastewater. The variation of % CC to the mass of clay used was 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Characterization of CC includes ash content and characterization of CMCC includes porosity test, morphological analysis, and elemental distribution based on SEM-EDX. The results showed that the ash content of CC before and after activation was 5.625% and 2.974%, respectively. The CMCC porosity test results showed that the more CC added, the greater the porosity of the ceramic membrane. The elemental composition in CMCC is dominated by O, Si, Al and C. The addition of 10% CC obtained the optimum composition on a ceramic membrane. % removal of remazol red is 83.9%. The COD values of batik wastewater before and after processing with CMCC were 484.286 and 26,339 mg/L, respectively.

Performance Analysis of Ceramic Membranes in Clean Water Treatment on River Water Quality

The clean water treatment process changes the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water so that it meets the requirements for use as drinking water or daily needs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of ceramic membranes in processing water from the Kelekar River into clean water using an environmentally friendly microfiltration–adsorption–ceramic membrane integrated process. The research was carried out from January to April 2022 at the Chemical Engineering Laboratory of the Sriwijaya Polytechnic. The sampling location for this research is Kelekar River, Karang Raja Village, East Prabumulih. The main tools and materials are a series of water filters (microfiltration–adsorption–ceramic membrane) and river water. The analysis results show that a series of microfiltration-adsorption-ceramic membrane integrated process water treatment equipment can be used to treat river water into clean water. Based on the analysis of river water quality parameters, such as BOD5, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3-N), and total coliform bacteria after water treatment were within environmental quality standards. Meanwhile, COD and nitrite (NO2-) were still not meeting the environmental quality standards set by Government Regulation of Republic Indonesia No. 22 of 2021 concerning the implementation of environmental protection and management.

High-flux ceramic membrane derived from UV-curable slurry for efficient separation of nanoparticles suspension

Ceramic membranes with high performance have been increasingly applied in the process industry. In this study, a rapid construction process was proposed for preparing high-flux ceramic membranes by UV-curable slurry. Two different alumina powders were well dispersed to enable the dip-coating of interlayer and top layer, respectively, on a 3D printed microporous support. After the coating of interlayer and top layer, a rapid UV curing process was applied, which was completed within 30 s, as opposed to the traditional drying process of more than 10 h for each layer. Additionally, the dual-layer was formed by a one-step co-sintering instead of conventional separate sintering. The effects of coating time on the thickness of interlayer and top layer, as well as the performance of ceramic membranes, were systematically studied. The optimized dual-layer ceramic membrane exhibited a uniform pore size distribution with an average pore size of about 108 nm, and high pure water permeance of 1220 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1. The high-flux ceramic membranes exhibited a good performance in the separation of nanoparticles from water suspensions. In the filtration of CeO2 suspension, the permeance was as high as 850 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, and the dispersed nanoparticles were almost completely removed.

A sustainable development approach of silica recovery and treatment of semiconductor-industry wastewater using ceramic membranes

ABSTRACT The semiconductor sector generates a large amount of wastewater. If these wastewaters are not treated, they can be harmful to the environment. Wastewater often contains silicon particles, which could be recovered and repurposed. Membrane technology has grown significantly and offers benefits in treating wastewater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of ceramic membrane as a sustainable development approach of silica recovery for the treatment of semiconductor-industry wastewater. Two ultrafiltration (UF) ceramic membranes with different molecular weight cutoff were used in this study. UF membrane with pore diameter smaller than hydrodynamic particle size of the silica colloids (124.3 nm to 126.7 nm) was able to recover silica colloids. Membrane B has the best performance in terms of color rejection (98.95%), SS rejection (97.76%), TDS rejection (92.75%), NH3-N rejection (92.86%), turbidity rejection (99.53%), COD rejection (99.34%), and BOD rejection (93.75%). Besides, the usage of 0.1 M NaOCl for alkaline cleaning was most prominent in membrane cleaning with a high FRR value (78.39–80.77%). Furthermore, the blocking mechanisms were determined, as proven by the Hermia model, which is standard blocking for both membranes. This innovation serves as a new revolution in semiconductor-industry wastewater treatment where wastewater treatment process comes along with simultaneous recovery of silica for recycle and reuse.

Enhancement of super-hydrophilic/underwater super-oleophobic performance of ceramic membrane with TiO2 nanowire array prepared via low temperature oxidation

A gradient porous ceramic membrane with surface super-hydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic performance was prepared by combining hydrogel directional freezing method and low temperature oxidation process. The effects of solid contents and sintering temperature on the ceramic membrane matrix were examined. The reaction time and synthesis temperature on the TiO2 nanowire array were also evaluated. In addition, the related effects on pore size distribution, permeation flux, contact angle, and oil-in-water emulsion separation were systematically investigated. The ceramic membrane matrix pore size changed from 0.5 μm to 25 μm gradually, indicating the gradient structure controlled by the growth of ice. The super-hydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic performance of ceramic membrane surface was obtained with surface modification by TiO2 nanowire array, and the surface water contact angle and underwater oil contact angle were less than 5° and over 158°, respectively. The bonding strength between TiO2 nanowire and ceramic membrane matrix was high enough to withstand ultrasonic waves. The ceramic membrane modified with TiO2 nanowire array was used for 1000 ppm diesel oil-in-water emulsion separation, and the stable separation efficiency and flux were about 97% and 100–200 L/(m2 h bar) even after 10 filtration cycles.