Ceramic Glazes Research Articles

Cost-effective and eco-friendly transparent ceramic glazes for porcelain bodies

Cost-effective and eco-friendly transparent ceramic glazes for porcelain bodies

Islamic Glazed Pottery Discovered in the City of Balad (Aski Mosul) Selected Samples

Islamic Glazed Pottery Discovered in the City of Balad (Aski Mosul) Selected Samples

Sustainable inorganic pigments with high near-infra-red reflectance based on Fe3+ doped YAlO3 for high temperature applications

Non-toxic inorganic pigments based on the Fe(III)-doped YAlO3 with high near-infra-red (NIR) reflectance were synthesized by a modified Pechini method at 1200 °C. A complete solid solution in the YAl1−xFexO3 system (0 ≤x ≤ 1) was prepared, yielding a wide range of colourations from yellow to red, depending on the iron content.Good pigment stability was achieved in a commercial high temperature glaze, used in the ceramic industry to colour glazes on tiles. The pieces coated with the pigmented glazes reached NIR solar reflectance values between 43% and 32%. The temperature protection studies carried out with the glazes pigmented with YAl0.75Fe0.25O3 and YFeO3 compositions, conclude that the pigmented samples reduce the temperature of a building by 5 °C and 4 °C, respectively, in comparison to the unpigmented glaze.Thus, these pigments can be excellent candidates for used in high-temperature applications such as colouring ceramic high temperatures glazes, as well as cool pigments in walls or roofs of buildings.

The effect of using bentonite in the production of ceramic glaze (Crawling)

The current research deals with an experimental study in the Crawling Glaze technique under the low temperature range (980) degrees Celsius, where a local bentonite clay was used as a catalyst to achieve the effect of Crawling on the ceramic surface, and white clay (Akashat) was chosen as a body for the application by adding non-plastic materials such as silicic sand and grog, as well as kneading (burnishing) the ceramic surface to be ready for this technique, a homemade alkali glaze was used to achieve (crawling glaze) with aesthetic dimensions of artistic specificity in this experiment, and with these capabilities and local materials, the goal was achieved. Adding (18%) of bentonite to show the best results from the technical and aesthetic point of view, and the research has achieved results that were similar to the Crawling glaze in the other developed countries in the world.

Minero‐petrographic characterization of fine ware from Cales (South Italy)

Abstract79 samples of black glazed pottery, Terra sigillata, fine common ware, and production indicators were recovered in the archaeological site of Cales and investigated via a multi‐analytical program (polarized light microscopy, thermal analyses, XRPD, XRF, FESEM, FESEM‐EDS). Among the materials, finds of important production indicators, represented by welded pieces of black glazed pottery and spacers, attest a local production.Polarized light microscopy shows that the inclusions consist of feldspar, quartz, mica, calcite, and lithic fragments of both volcanic and sedimentary nature. Additional information about the mineralogical assemblage comes from the XRPD that revealed the presence of neoformed Ca‐silicates, indicating equivalent firing temperatures ranging from 750 to 1050°C.All the samples show a Ca‐rich character and an extreme compositional homogeneity, including the production indicators. The comparison with some Ca‐rich Campanian clay raw materials shows a greater affinity with the Mio‐Pliocene marine clay sediments of the Apennine sector, which include local clays. This allowed us to formulate the first hypotheses about clay sources used to produce fine pottery during the third century BCE to the early imperial period in Cales.

A LEAD-GLAZED ATRAMENTARIUM DISCOVERED AT APULUM

Recently, in the Southern necropolis of Apulum, an inkwell with lead-glaze was discovered, which had been deposited as funerary inventory in a cremation tomb. Only one other ceramic inkwell from the pottery centre from Micăsasa was known in Dacia. The shape of the piece is unique and represents a transposition in pottery of metal-made inkwells. Various technological aspects suggest a local production in the area of the ancient cities of Apulum, where two workshops in which glazed pottery was also manufactured are known. In parallel, glazed pieces are a relatively frequent presence in the necropolises of this urban centre, being deposited in tombs with a rich inventory. The presence of the find is a professional symbol that reflects certain professions or intellectual pursuits. It was possible to determine through a paleo-technological experiment the manner in which the artefact was manufactured.

Comparison of rapid preparation methods for Pb isotope analysis of high‐Pb ceramic glazes: A case study of late medieval Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica‐type stove tiles

AbstractThis study identified the provenance of Pb flux used in the production of the glaze of unique, high‐quality late medieval stove tiles from the northern part of the Carpathian Basin, and elaborated and evaluated a fast preparation process to measure Pb isotope ratios in high‐Pb glazes. We compared three different methods of preparation. Method 1 consisted of the dissolution of bulk chips of glaze, dilution of the solution and mass spectrometric analysis without Pb purification. Method 2 collected the Pb from the surface of the glaze with acid‐impregnated swabs, subsequent dilution and direct analysis of the sample solution. Method 3 used solutions from method 1, extraction of Pb by ion‐exchange chromatography and analysis of the purified Pb. Each preparation method produced a similar Pb isotope ratio. The majority of the Pb isotope ratios fall into one group and indicate that lead imported from the Krakow–Silesia mining region was mainly used for production of the glazes of the stove tiles made by different workshops.

Low-temperature synthesis of ultrafine Cr,Mg-codoped Al2TiO5 nanocrystals as high-temperature green ceramic pigment

Tialite (Al2TiO5) is attracting as a high-temperature ceramic host matrix, but the decomposition of Al2TiO5 at 780–1280 °C is a serious obstacle for practical application. Herein we prepared successfully ultrafine Cr,Mg-codoped Al2TiO5 green ceramic pigment with the nanocrystal sizes less than 50 nm and high-temperature stability of up to 1200 °C via nonhydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method followed by heating treatment of 750 °C. The effects of Cr and Mg content on phase composition, crystal structure, thermal stability and color property were well investigated. The optimum Cr,Mg-codoped Al2TiO5 pigment with 20 mol% Mg and 6 mol% Cr exhibited an excellent green color (L* = 76.94, a* = −9.62, b* = 14.17), which can be reasonably maintained in exposed air by a heating treatment at 1200 °C for 10 h or in transparent ceramic glaze at 1200 °C for 30 min. These enhanced performances were mainly attributed to synergistic effect of Cr and Mg doping, which hindered the tendency of Al2TiO5 toward decomposition, indicative of its potential application in high-temperature ceramic decoration.

Synthesis of zircon pigments from rice husk ash and their performance in ceramic glaze

ZrSiO4-based pigments have been known to be very stable in ceramic glazes but require a high firing temperature required for phase formation. This study examined the feasibility of using rice husk waste as a substitute for crystalline SiO2. The amorphous form of silica with some impurities was obtained by calcining the rice husk at 800℃. The general chemical formula were (Zr0.9M0.1)SiO4, where M = V, Pr, Fe and Cr. The solid-state processing was achieved by firing at 1300℃ for 12 h with NaF (5 wt%). X-ray Diffraction revealed a lower relative fraction between ZrO2 (secondary phase) and ZrSiO4 in the RHA systems compared to the oxide system for all dopants. Amorphousness of RHA did help enhance phase formability. The particle sizes were in the 3 µm to 5 µm range. Elemental analysis revealed some areas with intense signals of zirconium, indicating unreacted ZrO2 particles. Colorations appeared to be blue, yellow, brown and green for dopants of V, Pr, Fe and Cr, respectively. Technological performance was tested in a practical ceramic glaze and frequently used raw materials fired at its maturation point. The results of this study hold huge potential for using rice husks for sustainable manufacturing of pigments as green products.

Prediction of biological development effects on drag forces of ceramic hull coating using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based solver

Ships in service feature surfaces that exhibit biofouling, which alters the hydrodynamics of the vessels, thus affecting their normal displacement and significantly increasing their fuel consumption. The application of three types of ceramic coatings as ecological, effective and durable alternatives to commercial silicone-based marine coatings is investigated in this study. Three different ceramic glazes and two control commercial paints are analysed in an actual environment during 20 months of exposure to simulate the navigation conditions such that growth and roughness data can be obtained and then applied to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software using an open-source Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver. The CFD results are validated under smooth hull conditions with a full-scale Kriso Container Ship (KCS) model and with different levels of hull roughness. The developed approach shows that the drag in hulls coated with conventional paint is 19% greater than that in hulls with ceramic coating.

Finite element analysis and bearing capacity of CRACFDSST columns under eccentric compression

The mechanical behaviour of ceramic recycled aggregate concrete-filled double-skin square steel tubular (CRACFDSST) columns under eccentric compression, with changing slenderness ratio, eccentricity and hollow section ratio parameters, was investigated, and 12 columns were tested. The test results indicated that all specimens exhibited elastic–plastic instability failure. No cement-based materials attached to the ceramic glaze surface were observed at the crushed position. Additionally, the CRACFDSST columns had good ductility and bearing capacity. The constitutive relationship of ceramic recycled concrete constrained by the square steel tube was adopted to establish finite element (FE) models, which considered the plastic damage of concrete. The FE calculation results agreed well with the experimental results. FE analyses of ceramic recycled concrete and ordinary concrete members were conducted, and the stress distributions of the steel tubes and concrete, the load–deflection curves at the mid-span, and the interaction between the steel tubes and concrete of the members were compared. Subsequently, 312 FE examples were used to analyse the effects of the steel yield strength, concrete strength, hollow section ratio, nominal steel ratio, diameter-to-thickness ratio of the inner steel tube, slenderness ratio and ceramic coarse aggregate replacement rate on the moment-load curves. Ultimately, a simplified formula was proposed to predict the bearing capacity of CRACFDSST columns under eccentric compression.

A Possible Natural and Inexpensive Substitute for Lapis Lazuli in the Frederick II Era: The Finding of Haüyne in Blue Lead-Tin Glazed Pottery from Melfi Castle (Italy)

The blue color of glass and ceramic glazes produced in Apulia and Basilicata (Southern Italy) between the 13th and 14th centuries and connected to the Norman-Swabian Emperor Frederick II, has been, for a long time, under archaeometric investigation. On the one hand, it has usually been associated with lapis lazuli, due to the finding of the polysulphide blue chromophores typical of lazurite. Moreover, the observation that the mineral haüyne, which belongs to the sodalite group as well as lazurite, can be blue and/or can gain a blue color after heating, due to the same chromophores, has caused this automatic attribution to be questioned, and also considering that the mineral is characteristic of the rock haüynophyre of Melfi (Potenza, Southern Italy), a location of interest for glass and pottery findings. In this paper, for the first time, several haüyne crystals were found in the blue glaze of a ceramic dish found at Melfi Castle, leading to the hypothesis that, in this case, the local haüyne-bearing source could have been used as the coloring raw material. The discovery was possible thanks to SEM-EDS and Raman analyses that, respectively, highlighted the typical numerous presence of very fine sulphur-based inclusions in the crystals and the characteristic Raman signal of blue haüyne. This study was also focused on the composition of the crystals inclusions, aided by SEM-EDS and Raman maps, since the original very fine pyrrhotite was transformed into Cu and Pb phases (copper sulphates, copper sulphides, and lead oxide) due to reactions with cations that had mobilized from the glaze, while the migration of Si from the glass allowed the transformation of the rim of the haüyne, a silica-undersaturated mineral, into a corona of small euhedral and neomorphic Pb-rich feldspars, a silica-saturated phase.

Direct CO2 Capture by Alkali-Dissolved Cellulose and Sequestration in Building Materials and Artificial Reef Structures.

Current carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies require high energy input and costly catalysts. Here, an effective pathway is offered that addresses climate action by atmospheric CO2 sequestration. Industrially relevant highly reactive alkali cellulose solutions are used as CO2 absorption media. The latter lead to mineralized cellulose materials (MCM) at a tailorable cellulose-to-mineral ratio, forming organic-inorganic viscous systems (viscosity from 102 to 107 mPas and storage modulus from 10 to 105 Pa). CO2 absorption and conversion into calcium carbonate and associated minerals translate to maximum absorption of 6.5gCO2 gcellulose -1 , tracking inversely with cellulose loading. Cellulose lean gels are easily converted into dry powders, shown as a functional component of ceramic glazes and cementitious composites. Meanwhile, cellulose-rich gels are moldable and extrudable, yielding stone-like structures tested as artificial substrates for coral reef restoration. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) suggests new CCU opportunities for building materials, as demonstrated in underwater deployment for coral reef ecosystem restoration.

Automotive industrial waste-based pigment synthesis for application in ceramic glaze systems

Automotive industrial waste-based pigment synthesis for application in ceramic glaze systems

Synthesis and color properties of MnTiO3 black ceramic pigment

In this paper, MnTiO3 powder has synthesized by solid-state method, and its color properties were also investigated. Research indicates that the L*-value of the prepared MnTiO3 powder was only 25.85, showing a pure and deep black hue, which indicates that MnTiO3 can be used as a black ceramic pigment and coating. The color mechanism of MnTiO3 pigment is attributed to the 6A1g→4A1g and 6A1g→4T2g crystal field transition of octahedral Mn2+ site. Besides, the MnTiO3 pigment exhibited outstanding tinting performance in ceramic glaze. The L*-v alue of the glaze sample with 8 wt% MnTiO3 pigment added was only 11.44, which is the minimum value reported in the literature. Moreover, the MnTiO3 pigmented coating shows an excellent solar energy utilization performance. This work demonstrates the promising application of MnTiO3 pigment in ceramic decoration and solar absorber.

Development of Red Ceramic Pigments with Perovskite Structure Prepared through a Traditional Route

Solid solutions of ceramic pigments of red shade have been synthesized based on YAlO3 perovskite structure doped with chromium by means of conventional synthesis; that is, the “ceramic route”. To optimize this synthesis, an emphasis has been made on the study of stoichiometry, calcination conditions and mineralizer incorporation. Various studies have demonstrated the high stability of perovskite structures, which ensures stable coloration at high temperatures. This is a highly important factor in the ceramic sector, given the scarcity of red glazes functional at temperatures close to those required of porcelain stoneware and their environmental constraints. Such a limitation makes it impossible in the European community to manufacture using toxic materials such as Se and Cd (cadmium sulfoselenide) that offer interesting colors at low temperatures. Pigments have been synthesized within the Y1−xCrxAlO3, YCrxAl1−xO3 and Y1−xAl1−yCrx+yO3 chromium-doped systems in molar ratios between n = 0.01 molar and n = 0.10 molar. The pigments obtained have been characterized by X-ray diffraction to identify the crystalline phases responsible for the shade; that is, the formation of the perovskite crystalline structure YAlO3 responsible for the red shade, together with lateral phases of garnet Y3Al5O12 of lower intensity. Visible ultraviolet spectrophotometry shows absorption bands corresponding to Cr(III) in octahedral position and the appearance of Cr(IV) in both octahedral and tetrahedral positions. The morphology of the samples was studied using a scanning electron microscope, obtaining information from the secondary and back scattered electrons. The viability of its use in ceramic glazes was verified after applying them mixed at 4% by weight in a glaze to an industrial porous single-firing cycle, collecting the L*a*b* chromatic coordinates using a visible ultraviolet spectrophotometer based on the CIE L*a*b* system, giving rise to red colorations.

Continuity and innovation in glazed tableware consumption in North Africa from the Fatimid to Zirid periods

Excavations in the former Roman port of Utica (North Tunisia) by the University of Oxford and the INP (Tunisie) have revealed an area of medieval Islamic houses in the area of the Roman forum. Stratified sequences of pottery have established four main phases of occupation which would appear to span the mid-10th to mid-11th century. The range of glazed wares and other classes of pottery is summarised per phase and a detailed study of the glaze technologies of 23 samples through time can now be compared with the study of 14 vessels previously published from Bir Ftouha, near Carthage. The Utica assemblage demonstrates that there were major changes in the consumption of glazed wares from the late Fatimid period to Zirid independent rule, not only in relation to forms and types of decoration but also in terms of glazing techniques. Up to six different glazing techniques have been identified, including transparent and opaque glazes and overglaze and underglaze decoration. Moreover, the presence of several glaze imports has been detected, showing that glazed pottery other than those produced in the central region of Ifriqiya was being consumed in North Tunisia. This work also provides relevant information with regard to the production and consumption of glazed wares in medieval Tunisia during the 10th and 11th centuries.

104 - Effects of TiO2 nanotubes incorporation into a ceramic glaze

104 - Effects of TiO2 nanotubes incorporation into a ceramic glaze

Procena upotrebe otpada pri sečenju bazalta u bojenju različitih kompozicija keramičkih glazura

Color effects in ceramic glazes play a decisive role in the aesthetic and attractiveness of ceramic pieces. The colorants used in glazes interact with the ceramic materials during the firing process, resulting in a wide range of fascinating colors and effects. Due to the natural properties of basalt such as high compressive strength and wear resistance, this natural volcanic rock is attracting a lot of attention when used in ceramic production processes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of basalt cutting waste (BCW) obtained from a stone company in Kayseri, Turkey, on the color effect of ceramic glazes in combination with different frits. For this purpose, glazes were prepared in which BCW was incorporated in different weight percentages of 0-20 % together with different frits. The glazes were characterized by analyzing chemical, phase, and thermal behavior of BCW using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal microscopy, respectively. The prepared glazes were then applied to engobed wall tiles and fired at a temperature of 1,200 °C in a laboratory furnace. After firing, the glazed surfaces were subjected to color analysis, while the phase composition was analyzed by XRD. The microstructure analysis was carried out using electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Increasing the proportion of BCW in the glaze compositions resulted in a change of the color of the finished surfaces from cream to yellow-beige tones. This study sheds light on the potential use of BCW as a coloring agent in the production of ceramic glazes.

The Problem of Greek Influence on Egyptian Pottery during 1st Millennium BCE

The paper is devoted to the issue of Greek impact on ancient Egyptian pottery during the Late period (7th–4th c. BCE). According to evidence of various historical sources at that period a lot of Greeks lived in many Egyptian cities. They maintained a customary way of life. Moreover a lot of Greek pottery (amphorae, various black glazed pottery, and etc.) was imported to Egypt due to extensive trade with various Greek colonies. Cultural and political contacts were maintained as well. As a result of this active interaction with Greek civilization there was cross-cultural exchange between Egyptians and Greeks. Potters could try to meet the needs of Greeks, adapting new shapes of vessels which were unusual for Egyptians. Egyptians could also be interested in the vessels which imitated Greek shapes.