Century Literature Research Articles

Analysis of the Demand for Russian Literature in Shanghai Library

This research focuses on Shanghai Library users’ demand for Russian literature of different literary periods. Method of sampling and questionnaire were applied for the study. Analyzing the online circulation records of Chinese translations of Russian literature in the main collection of Shanghai Library from 2016 to 2019 and providing an overview of reader demographics are two major tasks. As a typical example, the circulation records of 2019 are thoroughly examined. The aim of the study is to identify the level of demand for Russian literature at various times and the factors influencing the changing trend of demand. The results obtained from the research show that despite the large total number of visitors and the frequency of use of the main collection, the demand for Russian literature was relatively low, especially when compared with other foreign authors. Russian literature from the 19th century and Soviet literature are in the highest demand. Readers didn’t show an obvious interest in contemporary Russian authors. The demand for these three types of authors is clearly uneven. Russian-American writers, as a special group, are also popular choice of readers. The largest reader group consists of middle-aged women. Male readers have a more steadfast and clear preference for one particular author than female readers do. The demand for Russian literature in the library is influenced by such factors, as age and gender, the spread of culture through mass media and social networks, and reading promotion practices by libraries. These factors interact with each other.

What were the colors of the Parthenon? Investigation of the entablature's cornice blocks

The present study is focused on the investigation of the remaining ancient paint layers of the Parthenon's west cornice blocks. Most ornamental features that referred in the 19th century literature as the cornice blocks' decoration, still survive on the Parthenon. Τhe paint layers were studied by using imaging techniques (Visible induced luminescence and portable digital microscope) in situ along with various techniques in lab (Stereomicroscope, μ-Raman spectroscopy, ATR-FITR spectroscopy and SEM/EDX).The obtained results revealed that the taenia, which is placed at the bottom of the cornices’ facade, was depicted with the mineral conichalcite, providing a vivid green color. Red ochre and egyptian blue were used for the viae and the mutules depiction. The bottom side of the guttae, was also painted with red ochre. Regarding the taenia, placed at the base of the cornice blocks, two blue pigments, azurite and Egyptian blue were used for the meander and chess pattern depiction, respectively. The pattern of meander/chess pattern was placed on a red background (red ochre). Red lead was used for the depiction of the brown-red line borders in the corner ceiling of the NW cornice block and most probably for the depiction of the corner ceiling's background. In microsamples deriving from well preserved areas, beeswax was identified mixed with pigments, serving as the binder of the paint layers (encaustic technique). It is the first time that the presence of beeswax is proven in paint layers of an ancient monument, exposed in an open-air environment. The presence of beeswax is in line with ancient inscriptions, which referred to the encaustic technique for the decoration of ancient monuments.This is the first systematic investigation of the Parthenon’s ancient polychromy and the obtained data are compared with the 19th century sources’ information. The scientific investigation not only confirms or invalidates these data, but also presents new findings.

VIOLENCE AND BIGOTRY: REGRESSIVE INNOVATION IN KEVIN BARRY’S CITY OF BOHANE

Kevin Barry’s City of Bohane is one of the most celebrated recent works of Irish fiction. It is set in 2053, and tells the story of a people living in an environment of constant conflict where senseless acts of violence and bigotry are prevalent. This surprisingly negative imagining of Ireland in the future cannot be ignored considering the modern history of the country. The contemporary history of Ireland is fraught with a long and desperate struggle against the English Empire and its colonial forces as they tried for centuries to take over their neighboring island and completely colonize Ireland and its people. The English used two main weapons to further their goals in this matter: brutal military force and cultural sabotage. The cultural sabotage that the English brought to Ireland was mainly done by replacing Gaelic with English as the language of the Irish, and portraying them as culturally inferior and uncivilized in comparison to their English neighbors. Irish literature of the past few centuries has struggled to come to terms with this history of violence and dehumanization perpetuated by the English. Surprisingly, Kevin Barry in his novel callously repeats and escalates most of these negative stereotypes that have plagued Irish literature for years. The following study takes a closer look at the history of colonial violence and negative Irish stereotypes, and argues that City of Bohane is regressive in its depiction of Ireland as culturally ignorant and violent. That is to say, while the story is set four decades into the future, the author inexplicably insists on moving back in time to unearth and repurpose major colonial stereotypes that portray the Irish as uncivilized and backwards, to the great detriment of his innovative style and creative use of language in this novel.

Secular etiquette and the "art of liking" in French moralistic literature of the XVII-XVIII centuries.

The subject of the study is the French moralistic literature of the XVII - first half of the XVIII century. The author examines the period of the formation of the monarchy of the classical model, the time of the change of the heroic chivalrous ideal by the ideal of a noble, and then a gallant man. This transition was due to the need for the coexistence of a large number of courtiers in a small space of the courtyard and occurred through the introduction to essentially humanistic concepts such as "civilit", "politesse" and a rationalistic model of thinking. This brought to life a flood of literature about life at court, the upbringing of a nobleman, courtesy, the art of being liked in the light, which swept the book market. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the analysis of numerous sources of the XVII - first half of the XVIII century on etiquette, demeanor and the art of being liked in the light. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that all this literature was of a practical nature. The manner of behavior, etiquette were not considered as a set of frozen rules. All these rules were aimed at educating and forming a society of noble people, which is based on respect for all participants in communication. The relevance of this topic is that the analysis of French moralistic literature may be interesting for socio-cultural research. Since the new court ethos was embedded in the monarchical model and cemented by the ideology of the "noble" and then the "gallant" person. In addition, the value system, etiquette and behavioral model that emerged in this era, reflected in the moralistic literature, formed the basis of communication, aesthetic assessments and value attitudes of the ruling elites not only of the XVII, but of the entire XVIII century. The principle of "the art of liking" developed in secular society extends not only to the sphere of communication, but also passes into the sphere of literature and art in general.

Associates «Character» and «Nature»: Text Links with Deep Artistic and Psychological Characteristics of the Narrator’s Image in «Poor Lisa» by N.M. Karamzin

The study material in the article is the story «Poor Liza» by N.M. Karamzin. The subject includes the key word «character» and the key concept «nature» acting as the narrator’s explicated associates. The research purpose is to establish and analyze textual links (text signs) of the associative level with deep artistic psychological characteristics of the narrator’s image in the aspect of artistic-psychological sense generation, as well as to identify methods of activating the reader’s attention and creating an emotional response. The interdisciplinary research has been carried out at the junction of the psychological direction of literary criticism, communicative stylistics and psy-
 chology. The mechanism of representation of the narrator’s value ideas, attitudes and beliefs is traced through 1) «multi-layered» associations concerning the system of his views. They are revealed through the artistic-psychological intercon-
 nectedness and interdependence of the story characters; 2) a supporting element of the associative chain, as well as polysemy of the word-associate, superposition of meanings, semantic pulsation, inclusion in various artistic-psychological con-
 texts implemented in the course of associative explication; 3) a dominant content of the associates, which is different for the characters and serves as an artisticpsychological basis for the formation of the narrator’s associations between them and their text fragments; 4) a structural-semantic construction of an associative chain related to one character, but containing representatives related to another character, which reveals the narrator’s perception of both characters. The results of the study carried out in this article can be used in research and teaching activities, 18th century literature courses, textbooks, special course programs.

THE BOUNDARY OF UKRAINIAN RENAISSANCE LITERATURE

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of European culture on the formation of Ukrainian literature of the 14th-16th centuries. It is emphasized that the paradigm of Ukrainian Renaissance literature is a synthesis of original native ideas and Western European culture. The specific of Ukrainian boundary is represented in the absence of Ukrainian state, confessional pluralism, multilingualism, syncretic character, the popularity of humanism, and anthropocentrism. The identification boundary identity as a key feature of the Ukrainian Renaissance literature is also based on geopolitical location of the country. Methods used in the study: general scientific method (synthesis and generalization), systematic functional, textual method, and systematic descriptive. The comparative-typological and philological methods are used for the analysis of works where the border identity is represented. It is also applied the principles of socio-cultural and historical-typological analysis. The determining factor in the work is the historical and literary approach, which is based on the synthesis of cultural theories and literary analysis.

Внутренний мир человека в метафорических моделях с объектной областью «драгоценные камни» (на материале словарей поэтических образов)

The article characterizes the inner world of a person in metaphorical models with the object domain “precious stones” in dictionaries of images. The research material is fragments of texts of Russian literature, including figurative comparisons of the realities of the inner world of a person with precious stones. Sources of the material are: Dictionary of Poetic Images by N.V. Pavlovich; Dictionary of the Language of Poetry by N.N. Ivanova and O.E. Ivanova; Materials for the Dictionary of Metaphors and Comparisons of Russian Literature of the 19th-20th Centuries by N.A. Kozhevnikova and Z.Yu. Petrova. The article uses the following research methods and techniques: analysis of theoretical sources on the problem, collection of material, observation, classification and systematization, quantitative calculations. The research includes the following stages: detection in dictionary materials of the realization of metaphorical models containing a comparison of an object of the inner world with the object domain “precious stones”; determination of the composition of the models; description of the subject and object areas; determination of the grounds for comparisons; identification of the most significant subjects and objects of comparison and the main metaphorical models; indication of trends in the development of imagery reflected in the implementation of metaphorical models in texts of different times. The study shows that dictionaries of images contain a significant number of implementations of metaphorical models of the inner person with the “precious stone” object domain. These models capture ideas about features and properties of the realities of the inner world important for Russian culture, relating to the invisible organs of a person, their feelings, emotions, intelligence. The main subjects of comparison are soul, heart, love, sadness, dream, thought; the main objects of comparison are diamond, pearl and rhinestone. These comparisons are much more common than others and are reflected in all three dictionaries. The hardness, transparency, brilliance of a cut diamond; the color and purity of pearls; the transparency and fragility of crystal, its ability to sound allow them to be metaphorical analogues for especially valuable and attractive realities of the inner world of a person. The figurative characteristic of the inner world is also based on the peculiarities of the formation of diamond (earth’s interior, pressure, high temperatures) and pearls (water depths, closeness in the shell). The materials of the dictionaries reflect the trends in the development imagery; the replenishment of figurative series with new elements, the reduction of traditionally elevated realities, the concretization of images. The implementation of metaphorical models with the object domain “precious stones” reflect in versatile ways the ideas about the inner world of a person that exist in Russian culture. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

АНУШ-ТЕГИН КАК ЭПОНИМ ХОРЕЗМИЙСКОЙ ДИНАСТИИ В МУСУЛЬМАНСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКАХ

In this article, the author analyzes the formation in Muslim literature of the twelfth — thirteenth centuries of the eponym of the dynasty of Khorezm rulers, whose power in this region begins in 1097 and ends in the era of the Mongol invasion. We are discussing the Anushteginid dynasty and the father of the first Khorezmshah, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, after whom this dynasty was named by researchers. According to medieval Muslim historians, Anush-tegin or Nush-tegin Garcha/Garja himself never ruled Khorezm, but his descendants not only managed to gain a foothold in these lands, but also created one of the most powerful Muslim states of the Middle East, which was destroyed only by the Mongol conquerors. Despite the close attention to the power of the Khorezmshahs in the research environment, which has been reflected in numerous special works, to this day we do not see in Russian and foreign literature a single study devoted to the ancestor of the Anushteginid dynasty, or rather, the analysis of the description of his biography in Muslim sources. Researchers, relying mainly on reports on this subject by the historian of the first half of the thirteenth century, Ibn al-Asir, broadcast his story about Anush-tegin, often not taking into account the nature and volume of information about this eponym as part of earlier sources. We will also attempt to understand what Muslim authors of the twelfth century write about Anush-tegin, how fully his biography is reflected in these texts in comparison with ‘al-Kamil fi-t-Tarikh’ by Ibn al-Asir, and what is the specificity of their description of the biography of the ancestor of the Khorezm rulers. In addition, we will try to consider what pre-Mongol texts Ibn al-Asir and subsequent historians could rely on in their reconstructions of the history of Anush-tegin’s life and work, as well as what contradictions in this case could arise between individual authors. We hope that this work will be useful to specialists in the history of the Middle East in the pre–Mongol period, as well as to researchers of Muslim historical literature of the twelfth-thirteenth centuries.

Constructing the Colonial Past. Greenland and Greenlanders in the Danish Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries

Constructing the Colonial Past. Greenland and Greenlanders in the Danish Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries

Literature as a diagnosis and as a prognosis (creativity of the people of Maghreb in the XX-XXI centuries)

From the very beginning, still in the depths of the colonial era, and being a national response to French colonial literature, the poetry and fiction of Maghreb writers became a form of expression of the real life of their countries and a testimony of the social and political transformations that finally led to the social and political contradictions of the post-independence age. The evolution of literary genres has constantly induced writers not only to diagnose the protest forms of the national self-consciousness of the peoples of the Maghreb, but also to predict the social cataclysms and events to which the radicalization of Islam and the tread of political Islamism actually lead, The Maghreb literature of the XX-XXI centuries constantly testified to various processes of the surrounding reality. Sometimes these forms of expression of the state of public consciousness turned into the nostalgic conceptualization of the past, a past perceived as a kind of an Oasis of acquired Knowledge about the World. These oases also refracted mirages of a dialogue between the Maghreb peoples and the French, which actually did never take place because of the wars of liberation. However, in the Maghreb literature, these illusions sometimes were transformed into dystopias, which especially since the decade of the 1990s turned into premonitions of real threats of radical Islamism. In the global literary process, the work of the Maghreb writers - regardless of the countries of their residence in the West or in the East - reflects the searching for ideals of justice, remains an evidence of the era of transition from colonialism to post-colonialism, and a source of plausible forecasts for the future.

Revisiting an Old Quarrel

In this article, the French philosopher Jérôme de Gramont evaluates the modes in which twentieth century philosophy and literature—from Heidegger and Derrida to Blanchot and Beckett—aim to think our being-in-the-world beyond the concept of “man” and without the genus of the human.

Сюжеты о слоне в «Записках о Московии» Генриха фон Штадена и в древнерусской литературе XII–XVI вв.

The article examines the literary originality of story about an unusual gift of Iranian Shah to the Russian Tsar in the Notes on Muscovy by Heinrich von Staden, analyzes the features of using the estrangement technique when assessing the actions of Russian people in relation to an elephant and Arab caring for him, specifics of perception and image of guardsmen. By refusing to use figurative and expressive means and presenting only facts, Staden involuntarily creates in the reader a special perception of Russian guardsmen as cynical people, for whom the violation of moral norms and the cult of ruthless arbitrariness is a way of life. The story of an elephant, inscribed in the general story of oprichnina, demonstrates Staden’s dismissive attitude towards Ivan the Terrible and his subjects as cruel, immoral barbarians, unable to value diplomatic gifts of status, to take care of a living being properly, or to be guided by elementary logic in assessing events. Overview of the Old Russian sources that mention elephants showed that the development of plots goes along four lines: the first is the description of an animal and symbolic interpretation, the second is the mention of elephants as an exotic of Eastern countries, the third is the use of elephants to demonstrate the wealth of a particular person and/or as an intimidation of the enemy in battle, the fourth — the features of capturing elephants. Against this background, the Notes on Muscovy by Heinrich von Staden with a detailed plot about an elephant presented to Ivan the Terrible, look very exotic for Old Russian literature. A fact doubtful from the point of view of historical authenticity, a strange murder of an animal, an insulting description of Russians as cruel barbarians — all this, most likely, was the reason for the absence of this plot in the original literature, contemporary with the writing of the Notes on Muscovy, however, as well as in Russian seventeenth century literature.

Back to the future: Covid-19 and the recurring debate over social determinants of disease, and health.

Since the 1980s, a large literature has developed on the social determinants of health, primarily non-communicable diseases for which mortality and morbidity can be shown to change across a socioeconomic gradient. Primarily regional or national in focus, they are joined, today, with an increasing focus on international health and the effect of inequalities between nations effect disease generation and spread. Similar and earlier literatures first considered socioeconomic factors influencing disease incidence and intensity primarily at local and regional levels. One such literature was primarily “sanitarian,” focusing on general infrastructure needs (safe water, for example) to create a beter health environment. A second, primarily nineteenth century literature focused on social inequalities and the epidemic diseases in specific populations. This paper seeks to review these separate foci and then combine them into a more comprehensive understanding of both the general and specific determinants of health and disease at local, national, and international scales of address. It notes that while disease dynamics have been long known that current literatures typically consider socioeconomic determinants at local, national, and global scales as a new phenomenon.

“Монголын нууц товчоо” дахь өнгө, зүсэм нэрлэсэн үгсийн утга

The research work is done through specifically selecting the Secret History of the Mongols and researching mentality, cognition and linguistic interdependence of the 13th century literature of Great Mongolian Empire on the basis of the cognitive semantics objective. Mongolians are people with a unique national identity who express the semantics meaning of the complexion and coat colors of human, animal and things on their own peculiarity. According to the author's research and observation, it is referred that the White and Bright color indicates respect, well-being, and positive value of intensity, while Black and Dark color the war, reckless actions, and negative value of intensity. As a rule, the meaning expressed by complexion and coat color manifested in the symbolism elements of Mongolians is the interdependence of mentality, cognition and language expression of Mongols. It is mentioned on the fact that white, blue, and yellow colors have positive intensity meaning, but black, red and brown colors indicate negative intensity meaning respectively.

Немецкие музыкальные руководства в русских переводах XVIII столетия: об атрибуции первичных текстов

The first Russian translations of German musical treatises were published in the last third of the 18th century: these were the textbooks on clavier playing by Georg Simon Löhlein, and Daniel Gottlob Türk, and a guide to figured bass performance written by David Kelner. Despite the obviousness of the information about the original texts of the translated publications, the problem of attributing the primary text remains relevant for each of them. Its staging is due to the fact that the German treatises by the time of the publication of their versions in Russian underwent numerous publications, which were not stereotyped. Since the title data of the Russian versions do not contain information about the numbers and dates of the publications of the original sources, establishing the latter has become an important scholarly task. Its relevance is indisputable: without turning to the texts in the original language, it would be impossible to carry out an exhaustive study of the range of translated 18th century literature, especially those aspects that are associated with identifying the specific features of translation, its technique and quality, the degree of structural correspondence to the original source, and the means of translating terminology. For the sake of attribution of the originals, a comparative analysis of the German editions published prior to the appearance of the Russian versions has been carried out. As a result of their correlation with the translations, the following primary texts have been specified: Löhlein, Georg Simon, Clavier- Schule, oder kurze und gruendliche Anweisung zur Melodie und Harmonie (first edition, 1765); Kellner David, Treulicher Unterricht im General-Baß (first edition, 1732); Türk Daniel Gottlob, Kurze Anweisung zum Klavierspielen, ein Auszug aus der größern Klavierschule (1792). A positive reliance on German primary sources will make it possible to take a fresh look at the results of the translation work, come closer to their objective assessment, and also may help increase the degree of the scholarly veracity of contemporary research works.

The anthropology of the reader’s experience in the story Cancer Ward by A. I. Solzhenitsyn

This article studies reader’s experience of A. I. Solzhenitsyn a means of characterizing the consciousness and behavior of the characters in the story Cancer Ward. Different researchers have already paid attention to the role of a book, reading, and a person reading verbal and artistic texts in the artistic world (Don Quixote by Cervantes, Eugene Onegin by A. S. Pushkin, Poor Folk by F. M. Dostoevsky, Madame Bovary by G. Flaubert); however, these works were fragmentary. The relevant aspects of 20th century literature, including Solzhenitsyn’s texts, have been studied even less. The author of this article shows that the appeal to the reader’s experience of the characters is an essential facet of the objective world of the story Cancer Ward. The analysis focuses on the question how a book which has been read becomes a part of a character’s existential and cultural experience, evidence of either their insights, discoveries, or delusions, dead ends. The article substantiates the discussion of the book in the depiction of Solzhenitsyn’s characters from the point of view of cultural anthropology, which studies the relationship of a person with cultural tradition and society, and psychological — with its interest in forms of thinking and communication. Experiences in interpreting what Solzhenitsyn’s characters read are important not only for characterizing individual characters, but also for society as a whole. This article emphasizes that the cultural problems of the Soviet era were due to the “archaeological” type of hermeneutics, which alienated a person from the classical tradition, which is enduringly valuable for the self-determination of a person. There are two types of eventfulness in the narrative organization of the text: plot and existential. A special place in the overall picture belongs to a semi-autobiographical character — Oleg Kostoglotov, whose path from death to resurrection includes the experience of reading and comprehending reality through artistic and philosophical texts. The methodological foundation of the work includes the approaches developed by comparative literature, intertext theory, as well as anthropological, historical, and cultural studies.

Victorian Contagion: Risk and Social Control in the Victorian Literary Imagination, by Chung-jen Chen | Kept from All Contagion: Germ Theory, Disease and the Dilemma of Human Contact in Late Nineteenth Century Literature, by Kari Nixon

Victorian Contagion: Risk and Social Control in the Victorian Literary Imagination, by Chung-jen Chen | Kept from All Contagion: Germ Theory, Disease and the Dilemma of Human Contact in Late Nineteenth Century Literature, by Kari Nixon

Peculiarities of 20th century english literature and main characteristics

The 20th century was unprecedented. Einstein, Darwin, Freud, and Marx were just a few of the thinkers who radically changed Western culture. These changes were clearly shaped in 20th century literature. Modernism, a movement that marked a fundamental break with Victorianism in the 19th century, created postmodernism with an emphasis on self-awareness and pop art. 20th century literature is a diverse discipline, spanning different genres, but with common characteristics that have changed literature forever.

НАУКОВО-КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ СТВОРЕННЯ «THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LITERARY FICTION»

In the paper, the author has examined the principles of design and structure of key content-thematic chapters (“Sexuality”, “Identity”, “Finance”, “War/Terrorism”, etc.) in one of the fundamental literary compendiums of the recent years – “The Routledge Companion to Twenty-First Century Literary Fiction”. This edition proposes a scientific systematization of key issues related to the discourse of English-language literature of the XXI Century. The authors of the chapters pay attention to the genre of the novel, which represents the key philosophical, genological, narrative modifications in the stream of the contemporary fiction of Great Britain, the United States and some other countries. “The Routledge Companion…” summarizes the logic of the development of the contemporary literary process in English-speaking countries, emphasizing the forms of distancing from the postmodern novel and defining those worldviews, narratives and otheraspects that give grounds to talk about the emergence of the novel, which reflects a new cultural and historical period, different from the postmodern configurations. It was found out that the editors of the compendium seek to capture the logic of the literary process, while combining historical and literary facts with the delineation of theoretical problems that are reflected in the literary process. Innovative aspects have been identified, the question of the anthropocene has been outlined, the genre of comics and graphic novels and the stream of the contemporary literature has been studied, the theory of realism(s), etc. has been outlined, the way the literary compendium inspires further development of the humanities has been studied. The principles of structuring theoretical problems, the relationship between history, literary theory and philosophy of literature as key factors determining the epistemological basis of the publication have been discussed. “The Routledge Companion…” summarizes key issues related to the humanities in general and cultural studies, phenomenology and anthropology, and, therefore, the compendium is based on a comparative approach (in the broadest sense) involved in writing a 21st century history of literature. The work was prepared within the framework of the Program and Competitive Themes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Support of Priority Scientific Research and Scientific-Technical (Experimental) Developments of the Department of Literature, Language, and Arts of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for 2022-2023”. Title: “Scientific and conceptual principles of contemporary literary encyclopedias: world experience”.

FUNCTIONS OF REMINISENCES IN CHRISTMAS STORIES OF MODERN RUSSIAN WRITERS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORKS OF Yu. BUIDA AND D. BYKOV)

The Little Match Girl by H.Ch. Andersen is a fairy tale that tells a tragic story about a child's death at Christmas night. Famous Russian authors Yu. Buida and D. Bykov have written stories with the same names (The Little Match Girl and The Little Match Girl Gives a Light). The authors deliberately used these names to show the relation with the famous work. In both stories, the action is set within the timeline defined by the canons of religious calendarial prose. There are miracles in the stories; the Christmas characters are archetypes, as they are kind, merciful and compassionate. The stories written by the contemporary authors are examples of a kind of a palimpsest. They show the socio-historical collisions and moral problems of the post-Soviet time. The article uses the comparative method which allows us to consider the types of characters, to find literary traditions and innovations in the prose of the writers. It is important to take an intertextual approach during (when) examining the stories. It helps identify and analyze how certain motifs and images relate in the 19th century literature and fiction texts of modern writers. This approach reveals the deep connection between the works and the texts of world and Russian literary classics.