Central Research Institute Research Articles

60<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Institute for Certified Reference Materials! Russian reference materials: history in persons

In 2023, the Institute for Reference Materials will celebrate its 60thanniversary. The main stages of the development of the Institute, the results of activities during the past years are considered. The All-Union Institute for Standard Samples and Spectral Standards (VNIISO) was established in 1963 in Sverdlovsk. Yuri L. Pliner was appointed Director of the Institute, Deputy Director for Research — Vasily V Stepin. For the first 10 years, the institute has developed 225 reference materials (RM) of raw materials and mate­rials for metallurgical production. Samples for the ferrous metals’ spectral analysis were developed espe­cially rapidly, their number increased by 2.3 times. The Institute was transformed into ISO TsNIIchermet in 1974 and included in the Central Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy named by I. R Bardin. The branch system of CRMs created in the years ahead ensured the reliability of quality control of raw materi­als and products of the metallurgical complex. The duties of the Head Organization of the Metrological Service of the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR for measurements of the chemical composition and standard samples were assigned to the institute in 1978. The system of metrological control (MK) was created and introduced into the practice of analytical laboratories at subsequent period (1978 - 1985). Metrological requirements for CRM, measurement methods certification and normatives for operational, internal and external analysis results quality control were established by ISO TsNIIchermeta. Verification of the implementation of MC in analytical laboratories of the metallurgical industry was carried out in the process of their metrological certification, which was carried out by the leading specialists of the institute since 1982. In 1992, the Institute was transformed into a JSC “The Institute for Certified Reference Mate­rials” (ICRM). The Institute is accredited in accordance with the requirements of the International Stan­dard ISO 17034 as a RM producer, in accordance with the requirements of GOST ISO/IEC 17043 as a pro­ficiency provider. The testing analytical center of ICRM is accredited in accordance with GOST ISO/TEC 17025. The article presents the institute’s and its staff current state data.

Macro-microscopic and HPTLC Atlas of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Fruit

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,2,277-287.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.2.030Published:February 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Susikumar Sundharamoorthy, Gokula Kannan Sundharamoorthy, Achintya Kumar Mandal, Shakila Ramachandran, Senthilvel Govindaraju, and Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayanan Author(s) affiliations:Susikumar Sundharamoorthy1,*, Gokula Kannan Sundharamoorthy2, Achintya Kumar Mandal1, Shakila Ramachandran1, Senthilvel Govindaraju1, Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayanan1 1Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, A. A. Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. 2Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Family Leguminosae) is a large annual or perennial climber with a terete glabrous stem, native to Indo-Malaysian and also distributed in tropical, subtropical regions. C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC. is generally confused with another closely related species i.e. C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC (Jack bean). The tender pods of both the above species have close similarity in morphology, especially shape and size of fruit, therefore it is difficult to differentiate on their vegetative and also fruiting stages. The plant C. ensiformis mentioned as a synonym of C. gladiata in many of the earlier literature though they are 2 different taxa. Some authors published different colour seeds in the name of C. gladiata. It is doubtful if C. ensiformis (Linn.) DC. or C. gladiata (Jacq.) DC was studied during that analysis. Objectives: A systematic pharmacognostical study has been executed to identify the correct botanical source. Materials and Methods: All the studies were carried out by standard procedures in Pharmacopoeias and other authentic literature. Results: Macroscopically surface characters followed by odour and taste, anatomically TS of the pericarp, plecenta, testa, cotyledon and radical, powder microscopically epidermal cells with stomata and prismatic crystal cystolith, trichomes, testa palisade cells, sclereids with different shape and size, brownish content, starch grains, tracheids, fibres and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate are the unique diagnostic characters observed. HPTLC with different spots having unique Rf values in the pericarp, testa, cotyledon and seeds will be helpful for critical identification of the species. Conclusion: The findings of the present study will be helpful in the identification and differentiation of related species as the whole drug or in powder form. Keywords:Jack bean, Seed anatomy, Sword bean, Vegetable Crude Drug.View:PDF (1.49 MB)

Hyperrealistic Rendering of Type II Endoleak.

HomeRadiologyRecently Published PreviousNext Reviews and CommentaryFree AccessImages in RadiologyHyperrealistic Rendering of Type II EndoleakBaolei Guo , Liying PengBaolei Guo , Liying PengAuthor AffiliationsFrom the Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China (B.G.); and Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China (L.P.).Address correspondence to B.G. (email: [email protected]).Baolei Guo Liying PengPublished Online:Feb 14 2023https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.222150MoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In Supplemental material is available for this article.A 71-year-old man with a history of abdominal aortic aneurysm status after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) presented for follow-up CT angiography (CTA) at 19 months. Hyperrealistic rendering (HRR) (United Imaging Healthcare) visually demonstrated an enlarged aneurysm sac measuring 7.2 cm in maximum diameter (previously 6.1 cm, before EVAR), with type II endoleaks involving the bilateral L4 lumbar arteries and the inferior mesenteric artery (Figure, Figure S1, Movie). The patient was admitted to the hospital and underwent embolization of the aforementioned feeding vessels. Follow-up CTA at 6 months after the embolization procedure showed complete thrombosis of the aneurysm sac with no residual endoleak.Images in a 71-year-old man diagnosed with type II endoleak 19 months after the endovascular aortic repair for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The hyperrealistic rendering from CT angiography provides a clear representation of the endoleak (black arrows) and the three major feeding vessels (white arrows) (ie, bilateral lumbar arteries [LA] and the inferior mesenteric artery [IMA]). (A) The hyperrealistic rendering in posterior view demonstrates the feeding lumbar arteries and the associated iliolumbar-lumbar pathway arising from the internal iliac arteries. (B) The hyperrealistic rendering in anterior view reveals a pathway from the superior mesenteric artery to the inferior mesenteric artery by means of the arc of Riolan feeding into the aneurysm sac (shown as a semitransparent cavity).Download as PowerPointOpen in Image Viewer Get the Flash Player to see this video.Movie: Hyper-realistic rendering from CT angiography in a 71-year-old man diagnosed with type II endoleak.Download Original Video (97.3 MB)Endoleaks, in particular type II endoleaks defined as aneurysm sac backfilling from aortic branches (1), are the most common complications of EVAR and pose persistent risk of aortic rupture. Visualization of the inflow vessels is crucial for preoperative planning. As an advanced three-dimensional visualization technique with use of physically based volume rendering, HRR can generate photorealistic images with enhanced display of complex spatial relationships and lifelike surface details. By assisting proceduralists in identifying the endoleak feeding vessels, HRR provides value in developing treatment strategies.Disclosures of conflicts of interest: B.G. No relevant relationships. L.P. No relevant relationships.Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 82000436) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (grants 201409004800 and 21410710500).Reference1. Veith FJ, Baum RA, Ohki T, et al. Nature and significance of endoleaks and endotension: summary of opinions expressed at an international conference. J Vasc Surg 2002;35(5):1029–1035. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarArticle HistoryReceived: Aug 29 2022Revision requested: Oct 10 2022Revision received: Oct 21 2022Accepted: Oct 31 2022Published online: Feb 14 2023 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Recently Published Supplemental MaterialMetrics Altmetric Score PDF download

The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). A Unique Cohort Study about the Cellular Biology of Aging and Age-related Loss of Mobility.

The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) aims to understand the biological basis of many facets of human aging, with a focus on mobility decline, by creating a unique platform of data, tissues, and images. The multidisciplinary SOMMA team includes two clinical centers (University of Pittsburgh and Wake Forest University), a biorepository (Translational Research Institute at Advent Health), and the San Francisco Coordinating Center (California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute). Enrollees were age ≥70 years, able to walk ≥0.6 m/s (4 meters); able to complete 400m walk, free of life-threatening disease, and had no contraindications to magnetic resonance or tissue collection. Participants are followed with 6-month phone contacts and annual in-person exams. At baseline, SOMMA collected biospecimens (muscle and adipose tissue, blood, urine, fecal samples); a variety of questionnaires; physical and cognitive assessments; whole-body imaging (magnetic resonance and computed tomography); accelerometry; and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Primary outcomes include change in walking speed, change in fitness, and objective mobility disability (able to walk 400m in 15min and change in 400m speed). Incident events, including hospitalizations, cancer diagnoses, fractures, and mortality are collected and centrally adjudicated by study physicians. SOMMA exceeded its goals by enrolling 879 participants, despite being slowed by the COVID-19 pandemic: 59.2% women; mean age 76.3±5.0 years (range 70-94); mean walking speed 1.04±0.20 m/s; 15.8% identify as other than Non-Hispanic White. Over 97% had data for key measurements. SOMMA will provide the foundation for discoveries in the biology of human aging and mobility.

Identification of Self Incompatibility (S) Alleles in Turkish Apple Gene Sources using Allele-specific PCR

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism in many flowering plants by which generative reproduction is prevented. The self-incompatibility caused by the genetic functions of the cell is controlled by genes called S genes or self-incompatibility genes. Self-incompatibility results in decreased pollination and ultimately yield loss. In apple (Malus domestica L.), self-incompatibility is controlled by multi-allelic S-locus. Approaches in the S-glycoprotein profiles and allele-specific PCR methods using the gene profiles and S-glycoprotein profiles for determination of the incompatibility levels are of great importance. In current study, the self-incompatibility status of 192 apple genotypes (such as, Amasya, Hüryemez, Şah elması, Tokat, Demir elması etc.) obtained from the National Collection of Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute, Yalova, Turkey, has been determined. For this purpose, genotype-specific allele status and compatibility levels were screened via PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using 4 different S-alleles (Sd, Sf, S26 and S9). 181 genotypes containing at least 1 S-allele were identified as ‘Partially Incompatible’ and 12 genotypes involving 4 S-alleles were assigned ‘Totally Incompatible’. No S-alleles were observed in 2 genotypes (Pancarlık and Hüryemez) which exhibited ‘Compatibility’ status.

Characterization of Catalase Enzyme from Leaf Tissue of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) Plant

Aronia is among the most antioxidant containing plants which is found commonly around the world. Aronia cultivation started in Turkey for the first time in 2012 at the Atatürk Central Research Institute of Garden Cultures, and a plantation was constructed in the experimental area. Since antioxidants help to preserve food by blocking oxidation processes and contributing to the health promotion provided by numerous dietary supplements, nutraceutical and functional food additives, antioxidant capacity of these plants should be well characterized. To assess and evaluate the antioxidant content of foods and plant products, many approaches are utilized. In this study, catalase (CAT) enzyme was partially purified from aronia plant leaf tissue and characterization was carried out. Purification process consisted of homogenate preparation, ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. The optimal ionic strength, pH, substrate concentration and enzyme quantity were examined. These values were found to be 300 mM Tris, pH:8.0, 12 mM H2O2 and 75 μl, respectively, for the catalase enzyme of the Aronia plant leaf tissue. This study is the first in the literature dealing with the characterization of antioxidant enzyme from Aronia plant.

The prevalence of drug resistance to antiretroviral therapy in the Republic of Mordovia

Objective. To study the causes of virological inefficiency of ART and to analyze the prevalence of mutations of resistance to ART drugs among HIV-infected patients, who lives in the Republic of Mordovia and receiving ART.Materials and methods. We studied 37 blood tests with detectable viral load from HIV-infected patients receiving observation in the GBUZ RM «MRTSPBSPID», taking ART for more than 24 weeks. We The evaluated patient’s adherence to treatment. The analysis for drug resistance was performed by genotyping, using HIV-Resist-Seg diagnostic test systems, (the Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Central Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, Russia). Statistical data processing (c2 calculation) StatSoft, Inc. (2011), STATISTICA, Russia.Results and discussion: in the group of patients with mutations of resistance to antiretroviral drugs, mutations of pharmacological resistance to drugs of two and three groups are most often determined (in 87.5% of cases). The number and frequency of genetic aberrations in general did not depend on the number of already approved treatment regimens. At the same time, in patients with two or more changes of ART regimens in the anamnesis, the occurrence of mutations of drug resistance to IP was significantly higher than in HIV-infected patients with one ART regimen.Conclusion: in the Republic of Mordovia, virological inefficiency is associated equally with both a violation of ART intake (poor adherence) and the development of pharmacoresistance. It is important to determine the drug resistance of HIV in patients receiving ART.

Primary drug resistance of M. tuberculosis according to the Center of Excellence of the WHO Network of Supranational Reference Laboratories of the CTRI in 2016–2021

ntroduction. Culture research and testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) for drug susceptibility in the Russian Federation is carried out with uneven qual-ity, which distorts the idea of primary drug resistance (DR). Aim. To study the primary DR of MBT to the main combinations of anti-TB drugs for 2016–2021 according at the Center of Excellence of the WHO Supranational Reference Laboratories Network at the Central Tuber-culosis Research Institute. Methods. Data on drug sus-ceptability and frequency of resistance to the main com-binations of anti-TB drugs (in accordance with updated definitions) of MBT isolated before treatment were stud-ied in 966 new TB cases from 69 regions of the Russian Federation examined at the Center of Excellence of the WHO Supranational Reference Laboratories Network at the Central Tuberculosis Research Institute from 2016 to 2021. Results. The rate of any primary drug resistance to rifampicin was 46.2%; 95% CI [43.0–49.3], MDR — 45.8%; 95% CI [42.6–48.9], pre-XDR — 24.2%; 95% CI [21.5–27.0], XDR — 5.4%; 95% CI [3.3–8.0]. Over time, there was a decrease in primary MDR MBT from 48.7% in 2016 and 54.9% in 2017 to 36.8% in 2021. The frequency of pre-XDR did not change during the observation peri-od. There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of primary XDR from 2.1%; 95% CI [0.4–11.1] in 2016 and 0.0% in 2017 to 11.0%; 95% CI [6.1–19.1] in 2021 (p=0.03). Conclusion. The rate of primary MBT drug resistance to the main anti-TB combinations, ac-cording to our study, significantly exceeds the overall figures for Russian Federation. This suggests that the situation with MDR, pre-XDR, and XDR tuberculosis in the Russian Federation is much more alarming than we see from the regular reports, while the quality of local microbiological diagnostics on is insufficient

Heterotrophic culture of Spirulina platensis improved its growth and the study of its nutritional effect

With the development of human civilization, many people in the world still suffer from hunger due to wars, epidemics, and other causes such as not being able to afford a healthy diet. As a food, raw material with huge market potential, Spirulina platensis can be used as a new resource for food and has been in large-scale industrialized production worldwide. However, one of the biggest limitations to growing microalgae on an industrial scale is the high cost of the culturing medium. To reduce the culture cost, we hypothesized that S. platensis could grow better in a medium supplemented with glucose. In this study, we investigated the effects of Zarrouk’s medium, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) medium, and CFTRI with glucose on the growth rate and biomass of S. platensis. Our results showed that compared with the expensive Zarrouk’s medium containing trace elements, adding a small amount of glucose to the low-cost CFTRI medium significantly increased S. platensis’s growth rate and biomass. Then, to further reduce breeding costs, we continued to explore the growth of S. platensis in a CFTRI medium supplemented with glucose under dark conditions. Our statistical data showed that the heterotrophic glucose consumption of S. platensis was affected by light, and the growth of S. platensis was limited in the absence of light. Finally, we used Drosophila melanogaster to verify the function of S. platensis and found that S. platensis supplementation increased longevity and reproductive ability in fruit flies.

Optimizing Irrigation Scheduling and Land Configurations of Furrow Irrigated Aerobic Rice

Field experiments were conducted during pishanam 2015 and 2016 at Central Farm, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Experimental treatments comprised of three irrigation scheduling and three bed widths. Rice crop was raised under furrow furrow-irrigated raised bed system (FIRB) system. Response of the crop to the different treatments indicated that growth parameters viz., plant height and Dry Matter Production (DMP) were highest in crop raised in bed width of 1.0 m accommodating five rows per bed and irrigating the crop daily. Raised bed of 1.0 m bed width accommodating five rows per bed and irrigating crop daily resulted in higher grain yield (3874 and 3789 kg ha-1 during 2015 and 2016, respectively) and Water use Efficiency (4.39 and 4.24 kg ha-1 mm-1 during 2015 and 2016, respectively) than other irrigation scheduling and land configurations

Impact of Fluoride on the Corrosion Pattern of Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloy Combined with Nickel-Chromium Alloy and Gold Alloy: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Currently, Fluoride ions are added to commercially available tooth paste, mouth washes and cariostatic gels for their prophylactic action. However, the preventive effect may also be accompanied by the corrosive activity, through infiltration of fluoride-containing saliva in the contact between crowns and bridges or into the implant supported structure. Aim: To evaluate the corrosion action of Sodium Fluoride (NaF) on Pure Titanium (PT) and its alloy coupled with NickelChromium (Ni-Cr) alloy (NC) and Gold (Au) Alloy (GA). Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics at Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. The duration of the study was six months, from April 2010 to September 2010. A total of 48 specimens were categorised under four groups. The four groups included for the study were pure group I (PT+GA), group II (PT+NC alloy), group III {Titanium Alloy (TA)+GA) and group IV (TA+NC alloy}. The specimens under each group were divided into half and were immersed in 100 mL of either artificial saliva or artificial saliva with 1000 Parts Per Million (ppm) fluoride. The current was passed at a scanning rate of 1800 mV/hour for 60 minutes and changes in corrosion potential were observed. The elemental release analysis test was conducted by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to quantitatively analyse the elements (metal ions) released in the test solution from the galvanic coupling alloys. In order to evaluate the corrosion behaviour, the surfaces of the specimens were examined with an optical microscope (Eclipse LV100D, Nikon, USA). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was done for intergroup comparison. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean value of corrosion of PT+GA and PT+NC was 13 μg/cm2 and 27 μg/cm2 respectively. The mean value of corrosion of TA+GA and TA+NC was 12 μg/cm2 and 24 μg/cm2 respectively, in artificial saliva without sodium fluoride. In the presence of sodium fluoride, the mean value of corrosion of PT+GA and PT+NC was 17 μg/cm2 and 60 μg/cm2 respectively, and the mean value of corrosion of TA+GA and TA+NC was 15 μg/cm2 and 41 μg/cm2 . The PT and TA specimens coupled with NC alloy specimens showed more corrosion in saliva either with or without sodium fluoride compared to GA. Conclusion: The NC alloy specimens coupled with PT and TA specimens showed severe pitting corrosion in artificial saliva containing sodium fluoride.

Роль бактерий рода Desulfovibrio sp. в патологии человека

Bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp. They are widespread in the environment – they are found in soil, wastewater, bottom sediments. The effect of these microorganisms on the development of pathological conditions in humans has not been fully established. Bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp., gram-negative, curved microorganisms,non-spore – forming, slow-growing, anaerobic. Objective. Identification of pathogenetic features of the effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp. on the human. Patients and methods.167 patients who signed a voluntary informed consent was conducted among patients who applied to the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Central Research Institute of Epidemiology" for an examination of intestinal microbiocenosis. Microbiological examination of the biomaterial was carried out using traditional microbiological methods. The following blood parameters were used to assess iron metabolism in the body: hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, unsaturated iron binding capacity of serum and the percentage of transferrin saturation with iron. Statistical data analysis was performed using standard descriptive statistics methods using Excel (Microsoft Corporation, 2019, USA). The statistical significance of the differences in the compared indicators was assessed using the Student's t-test the significance level of p < 0.05 (t > 2). Results. Bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp. were found in 66 patients (39.5%). In the group of patients whose examination revealed bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp., the number of people with anemia was 16, without anemia was 50. Among patients with the absence of bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp. in the microbiocenosis. laboratory-confirmed iron metabolism disorder with the development of anemia was detected in 11 people, the absence of anemia in 90. The calculation of the odds ratio showed that the risk of anemia increases 2.6 times [95% CI 1.13–6.08] in the presence of bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp in the intestine. Conclusion. It can be assumed that bacteria of the genus Desulfovibrio sp. is one of the etiological factor of the development of iron deficiency anemia in humans. Key words: microbiocenosis, iron deficiency anemia, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

Risk factors for the formation of congenital hyperplasia of blood vessels (infantile hemangioma)

The aim the study. To identify correlations between the development of blood vessel hyperplasia (GCS) and risk factors in pregnant women. To identify correlations between the development of blood vessel hyperplasia (GCS) and risk factors in pregnant women. A selective retrospective analysis of 173 case histories and outpatient records of patients of the Clinic of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry of the Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery for 2011-2021 was carried out. The obstetric history of the mother, chronic diseases of mothers during pregnancy and bad habits were studied. The interrelation of the influencing unfavorable factor on the isolation, prevalence and vastness of foci of infantile hemangioma was determined. There was no statistically significant relationship between the harmful habits of the mother and the number of lesions, as well as the isolation of the lesion of the mandibular-facial region (CHLO) and the prevalence of the process in the child. It was found that the prevalence of the process, the isolation of the lesion and the number of foci of CHLO did not have a reliable relationship with the complicated course of pregnancy in the mother. A reliable relationship was revealed between the number of lesions in the CHLO and chronic hypoxia, between the number of defects of the cardiovascular system and the prevalence of the process. But there was no reliable relationship between the number of CCC lesions and the number of lesions. 24 patients out of 173 were premature. In these patients, a statistical severity to the occurrence of GCS was revealed. There was no reliable relationship between the genetic predisposition on the line of both parents and the prevalence of the process, with the isolation of the lesion of CHLO and with the number of foci of CHLO lesions. Prematurity, chronic hypoxia, multiple malformations of the fetal cardiovascular system are risk factors for the development of vascular hyperplasia in children.

Identification of an immunogenic epitope and protective antibody against the furin cleavage site of SARS-CoV-2.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, contains a unique, four amino acid (aa) "PRRA" insertion in the spike (S) protein that creates a transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)/furin cleavage site and enhances viral infectivity. More research into immunogenic epitopes and protective antibodies against this SARS-CoV-2 furin cleavage site is needed. Combining computational and experimental methods, we identified and characterized an immunogenic epitope overlapping the furin cleavage site that detects antibodies in COVID-19 patients and elicits strong antibody responses in immunized mice. We also identified a high-affinity monoclonal antibody from COVID-19 patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells; the antibody directly binds the furin cleavage site and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mouse model. The presence of "PRRA" amino acids in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 not only creates a furin cleavage site but also generates an immunogenic epitope that elicits an antibody response in COVID-19 patients. An antibody against this epitope protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. The immunogenic epitope and protective antibody we have identified may augment our strategy in handling COVID-19 epidemic. The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82102371, 91542201, 81925025, 82073181, and 81802870), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine (2021-I2M-1-047 and 2022-I2M-2-004), the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2020-PT310-006, 2019XK310002, and 2018TX31001), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2020YFC0841700), US National Institute of Health (NIH) funds grant AI158154, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) AI and Charity Treks, and UCLA DGSOM BSCRC COVID-19 Award Program. H.Y. is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211554 andBE2022728).

Evaluation of Novel Technology Targeting the Lung Periphery "Just Because We Can…".

*Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre †Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Disclosure: There is no conflict of interest or other disclosures. Correspondence: Anne V. Gonzalez, MD, MSc, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, 5252 Boulevard De Maisonneuve Ouest, 3D.63, Montréal, QC, Canada H4A 3S5 (e-mail: [email protected]).

Prevalence of multiple diseases in Shivpuri area of Lucknow with special reference to Wajaul Mufassil Arthritis

The Shivpuri is a village of scheduled caste is dominated population in Block Bakshi Ka Talab (B.K.T.) in Lucknow U.P. India. The village is much backward than expected and lack health facilities as well as education and employment due to which people fall prey to all types of infections and most people suffer from malnutrition and other complications. The SCSP and TSP program was initiated on the recommendation of Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi Ji all over the country by the Ministry of AYUSH and Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Lucknow selected this village in 2018 and the mobile clinic began its function in the same year. The work is still going on and the population of this village is receiving Unani Medical treatment for ailments like Arthritis (Wajaul Mafasil), Sual Hadm (Dyspepsia), Jarb (Scabies), Tahajurr-e-Mufasil (Osteoarthritis), Bawaseer (Piles), Skin allergy and other NCD problems. The observation shows that people are satisfied with the SCSP project and want CCRUM to continue for as long as possible. The study is population based with special reference of prevalence of Wajul Mufasil (WM).

ARCHIVAL FUND «CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN» IN RUSSIAN STATE ARCHIVE IN SAMARA AS A SUBJECT OF SPECIAL SOURCE ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the characteristic of the fund «Central Research Institute of Experimental Design», which is permanently stored in the Russian State Archive in Samara. The main types of documentation are described as well as specific projects developed by the organization. Documents over a long period of time makes it possible to judge both the development of experimental construction in the USSR and the development of the organization itself, which in the 1960s became the leading institution dictating the rules of experimental design.

The status and roles of the 406th Medical General Laboratory of the U.S. Army, 1946-1953.

In 1946, the U.S. Army established the 406th Medical General Laboratory as the central medical research institute for their new Asia-Pacific-occupied area. The primary mission of the 406th medical laboratory was to supplement the epidemiologic, sanitary, and diagnostic services available in other medical facilities and hospitals, and to investigate outbreaks of disease and conditions which affect or may affect the health of the people in the occupied area. At the time of its establishment, the 406th laboratory had considerable difficulties securing researchers, but it solved the related problems by actively cooperating with Japanese medical researchers and research institutes. According to the statistics in 1947, the 406th laboratory consisted of 46% of its total research personnel, Japanese researchers. The 406th medical laboratory's professional research departments included the department of Pathology, Serology, Bacteriology, Medical Zoology, Chemistry, Virus and Ricketts, Entomology (established in 1949), and Epidemiology (established in 1951). All research departments played a central role in the Asia-Pacific region in their professional fields. For example, the department of Pathology functioned as the "histopathology center of all hospitals in Japan, Korea, and the Mariana-Bonin Command" under the provision of "Army Regulation 40-410," and the department of Chemistry was called an "analytical chemistry laboratory for the Far East Command" because it performed various chemical experiments for many medical facilities in the area with insufficient research facilities.

Biochemical Effects of Drought Stress in Some Strawberry Cultivars

This research was 2016-2017 years of the Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture Research and practice was carried out in the greenhouse. Study the Yalova Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute, Ata-77, Bolverim-77, Doruk-77, Dorukhan-77, Eren-77, Erenoğlu-77, and Hilal-77 strawberry varieties. After the planted strawberry seedlings reached the 5-6 leaf stage, after irrigation at field capacity, drought application was made until the plants lost their leaf turgor. After implementation of the varieties of drought with healing and drought period of watering again losses to determine. In strawberry cultivars, significant decreases occurred in the amount of protein with the application of drought. In the recovery period after the drought, the protein amounts increased again. Drought treatment significantly increased proline content in all cultivars compared to control. Catalase enzyme activity in all strawberry cultivars increased significantly as a result of drought application in both years. There was a slight decrease in the recovery period. In both years of the study, drought application increased the peroxidase enzyme activity in all strawberry cultivars compared to the control, and a slight decrease occurred in the recovery period compared to the drought application. Drought application in cultivars increased the superoxide dismutase enzyme activity a little compared to the control, while the activity decreased to the control level during the recovery period.

Türkiye’de 2015-2020 yılları arasında hayvansal orijinli Salmonella serovarlarının dağılımı

Salmonella is an important zoonotic microorganism and the most isolated among food-borne infections across the world, including Türkiye. The detection and identification of common serovars circulating in Türkiye can present very useful data in the fight against Salmonella, which threatens both animal and human health. This study aimed to determine the distribution and diversity of Salmonella serovars isolated from the samples sent to Bacteriological Diagnosis Laboratory of the Veterinary Control Central Research Institute. The serotyping results of a total of 1,047 Salmonella spp. strains isolated between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. After confirming that the samples isolated were Salmonella spp. according to ISO 6579, identification at the species level was carried out by serotyping with the slide agglutination test. A total of 19 serogroups and 75 Salmonella serovars were detected. The most commonly isolated Salmonella serovar was Salmonella Infantis (40.5%), followed by Salmonella Enteritidis (12.9%), Salmonella Abony (4.3%), Salmonella Kentucky (4.2%), Salmonella Typhimurium (4%), Salmonella Liverpool (2.4%), and other serovars (31.3%). The most commonly identified serogroups were C1 (48.2%), D1 (14.4%), B (12.4%), C3 (7.8%), and E4 (4.2%). According to animal species, the most common serovar was Salmonella Infantis in chickens, Salmonella Montevideo in calves, Salmonella Darle in tortoises, Salmonella Typhimurium in lamb and Salmonella Hessarek in wild birds.