Central Railway Station Research Articles

Design of Co-creation in Rotterdam Central Station (1996-2007)

This article explores the pivotal role of design as a decision-making tool within multi-stakeholder collaborations, focusing on the early phases of the Rotterdam Central Railway Station and its surroundings project. Spanning from 1996, when it gained National Key Project status, to 2007, when construction commenced, this period precedes the preliminary design, during which the design process becomes the primary method of collaboration among multiple stakeholders, including designers and clients involved in the station area’s development. After introducing the post-war reconstruction of the station area and the ‘Platform Zero’ experiment, this article defines three key stages of design in the initial phase, each of which left a distinct mark on the station project. These stages are: - From 1996 to 2001: Design for political communication. - From 2002 to 2004: Parallel design. - From 2004 to 2007: Design co-creation and integration. To provide a comprehensive view of the design’s development, this article includes insights from conversations with architects and planners engaged in the process. In a dynamic exchange between various stakeholders and designers, the evolution of Rotterdam Central Station’s design reveals how political decisions have been informed by thorough design studies, offering a platform for robust discourse on critical issues.

An experimental study on pedestrian movement in railway station

Railway stations are complex and concentrate significant passenger volumes. Urban population rising has a great impact on railway stations, as they are concentrating higher dense of people. Analyzing pedestrian movement assists in understanding their behavior and the quality of service of Public Transport infrastructure. This paper analyses how several factors such as age, gender, carrying backpack, social interaction, and travel purpose influence the average walking speed of pedestrians. An observational study conducted in the central Railway Station in Patras on Sundays during summer months. Day and hour of the observation were selected in order to study the behavior of pedestrians travelling in leisure time. Video footages used to investigate pedestrian movement and the factors that influence pedestrian dynamics. The mean speed was observed 30% lower than the values mentioned in Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, which might be attributed to the travel purpose of pedestrians. In consistent with previous studies, the impact of age, carrying backpack, and walking in a group on pedestrian walking speed rates has been verified. Results also revealed a trivial effect of gender when the travel purpose is leisure activities and people are not in a rush.

Teaching Against Omnipotence: Mussolini's Racial Laws and the Ethics of Memory in Times of Neofascism

AbstractThis essay opens on the streets of Rome in 2019 among displays of fascist relics, architecture, and memorial sites. Each display speaks to Italy's violent colonial and fascist history, one that continues to be entangled with and to overdetermine Italy's contemporary restrictive citizenship laws and anti‐immigrant policies. Here, Paula M. Salvio turns to a psychoanalytic understanding of omnipotence, and to Michael Rothberg's concept of multidirectional memory, in order to pursue the half‐spoken history of Italian fascism that is hauntingly absent from Italy's public school curriculum, as well as from sites of public pedagogy such as museums, cinema, memorials, and social media platforms. This absence raises important questions about the ethical obligation education has to teach against omnipotence in conventional classroom settings and sites of public pedagogy. Salvio concludes with a reading of a socially engaged project, the Holocaust Memorial located in the Milan Central Railway Station on Platform 21, that is aimed at teaching against omnipotence. The memorial stands as a site of conscience that is committed to making visible what was hidden for years — the deportation between 1943 and 1945 of Italian Jews from the Milan Central Railway Station to Auschwitz‐Birkenau and Bergen‐Belsen.

CLASSIFICATION OF SPATIAL TRANSPORT FORMATIONS OF A BIG CITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KYIV)

Problem Statement and Purpose. City public passenger transport is one of the essential services, which depends on both the economic complex development and the citizens’ way of life. At the same time, a significant aspect of the public transport system study is its territorial organization. The purpose of the research is to identify passenger transport formations of Kyiv city and provide their classification according to selected criteria. Data & Methods. In our study, it was of primary importance to choose result-oriented methods. We have utilized the basic scientific methods of socio-geographical research, namely system-structural analysis, analytical-statistical, statistical-economic, comparative-geographical, and cartographic. Results. Identification and classification of intercity transport formations were carried out according to four classification criteria: scale (intracity transport hub, center, point), functions (formations based on objects receiving external passenger flows; formations based on objects regulating domestic passenger flows; transfer points), the volume of passenger traffic (large, medium, small) and the degree of modality (very complex, complex, medium, simple). As a result of the research, 9 large, 13 medium, and 18 small inner-city transport hubs were identified in Kyiv. According to the functional feature, three levels of passenger transport formations should be distinguished: transport formations near railway stations, railway stations, airports, bus stations, which receive and send external passenger flows directed to the city; transport formations, which mainly regulate intra-city passenger flows, first of all, metro stations, as well as several high-speed tram stops, some stations of the city electric train; railway stops, platforms, terminals of public transport, where passengers are picked up, dropped off and transferred from one vehicle to another. The highest degree of modality (very complex) is typical for the Central Railway Station, ‘Vydubychi’ and ‘Pochayna’ junctions, ‘Darnytsia’, ‘Beresteiska’ metro stations are complex.

UTWORZENIE TERMINALU TRANSPORTOWO-PASAŻERSKIEGO W MIEŚCIE DNIPRO: HISTORIA, PRAKTYKA, PERSPEKTYWY

The article discusses the history of the transport and industrial zone development, which was formed around the central railway station of the city of Dnipro. This area is significant because it has a direct connection with the city center. Changes in the industrial structure of the country and the city, global challenges and modern trends contribute to the transformation of these territories into the center of business and social activity of the city, as well as the region.

Metabolic Syndrome Predictors among Shift Workers of Zagazig Central Railway Station: A Case-Control Study

Metabolic Syndrome Predictors among Shift Workers of Zagazig Central Railway Station: A Case-Control Study

More mobile, less common? The transit sociality of Rabat’s Central train station

ABSTRACT Over the past few years, Rabat has been undergoing a double-process of modernisation and transformation into a heritage site. Its central railway station, which is currently being transformed into a large interchange hub, reflects the city’s aspiration to become a global metropolis. Previously, this place functioned as an urban magnet where people also came to stroll and socialise. The article explores how the refurbishment is affecting its functional and symbolic uses. Official sources promise that the renewed infrastructure will be a great new ‘milieu de vie’, a notion that summons up a vision of togetherness and an aspiration to metropolitan high life. But will the future project still welcome everyone and every type of sociality? Structured as a before-and-after comparison, the article describes ethnographic observations conducted at the station’s successive entrances. It shows that the new entrance layout may make the infrastructure more functional, but that it offers less opportunity for social activities. Causal interpretations concerning the role of design in facilitating or preventing social practices are proposed. The article concludes that the capacity of transit infrastructures to become a ‘common’ place depends on the connection between physical features and cultural skills. Since Rabat Central Station has become an arena of conflict between tradition and modernity, the paper’s contribution aims to reposition the controversy within a broader perspective, which connects the architectural and social dimensions of a local culture of transit (im)mobility.

North/South Metro Line, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Technical challenges in immersed tunnelling

The new North/South Metro line in Amsterdam is in operation since July 2017. The 9 km line runs from the northern ring road to the southern ring road and passes the historic and very vulnerable city centre. For the part in the city centre special tunnel techniques were applied to limit the impact on both the historic buildings and the disruption of city life.One special technique that was used is the immersed tunnel technique. This technique has been used for the crossing of the IJ-river under very soft soil conditions and for the crossing of the historic Amsterdam Central Railway Station. The application of the immersed tunnel technique underneath a historic building has never been applied in the world and was a true challenge considering the special immersion trench that had to be created underneath the building. The tunnel was successfully immersed under the Central Station in the summer of 2011.This paper will focus on the technical challenges of the complicated underpass of the historic Central Railway Station and the IJ-river crossing.

The answerability of false hope: Examining the unexpected outcomes of the Finnexia® public art intervention

This article examines the unexpected ethical issues that emerged from Finnexia ® , a performance art intervention. Finnexia consisted of an advertisement campaign for a fictitious medication that helps people learn the Finnish language. Presented in the Helsinki Central Railway Station, the Finnexia performance aimed to generate a space for public dialogue about the experience of immigrants in Finland and the process of learning the Finnish language. On a secondary level, Finnexia presented a satirical critique towards the excess of medicalization in society. Through a detailed description of the Finnexia performance and its outcomes, the author examines the complexity of ethical issues that emerged from the Finnexia performance. The responsibility of the artist is discussed in the context of public performance in art practice and in artistic research. The author proposes that artists approach ethical considerations during the creative process through self-reflection, dialogue with fellow performers and in consultation with experts in the field.

English

BACKGROUND Assessment of the results of large-scale rapid antigen diagnostic (RAD) testing for detection of SARS-CoV-2 amongst incoming passengers was carried out by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) Dental College Students at the Central Railway Station of Ahmedabad city. We wanted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RAD testing for detection of Covid-19 amongst passengers disembarking from scheduled trains arriving at the Central Railway Terminus of Ahmedabad city. METHODS Under the campaign “Chase the Virus” launched by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), Interns & Final Year students of AMC Dental College were trained to carry out rapid antigen testing of scheduled trains running on special routes starting from 07 / 09 / 2020 to 05 / 10 / 2020. 14 dental teams were deputed at a temporary testing facility formulated for day-to-day testing at the Central Station using the standalone Standard - Q Covid-19 Ag testing kit (SD Biosensor, South Korea). RESULTS In total, 18901 travellers were tested in a span of 26 days out of which 324 tested positive with an overall percentage positivity of 1.71 %. An average number of 727 (± 182) tests were performed with an overall sensitivity of 66.01 % and specificity of 99.71 %. CONCLUSIONS In response to the growing Covid-19 pandemic and complexity of laboratory-based molecular tests, rapid antigen detection tests have proved to be efficient in the easier and faster diagnosis of the passengers in such point of care settings. KEY WORDS Rapid Antigen Detection Test, Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2

Optimizing bus line platform assignment across bus stations in Utrecht

Due to its increased popularity, public transport has grown considerably, which has resulted in more lines that are operated with higher frequencies. As a result, the current bus stations that are located in strategic places like city centers to serve as a hub are becoming too small. If there is no space to enlarge the station, then usually the best option is to create a second bus station close-by. This raises the problem of distributing the bus lines over the bus stations, such that good connections are offered to transfer passengers. We have considered this problem in the city of Utrecht, which is a middle-sized city in the center of the Netherlands. The central transit hub, which is located next to the central railway station, consists of several separate bus stations. The goal of the research is to minimize the total travel time for all passengers who want to transfer at the hub. Here we are not allowed to adjust the current timetable, and we have to take the capacity and vehicle limitations into account. To find out which journeys are made daily and by how many people we use data from a digital fare system. This results in passenger groups, and for each group we compute the relevant travel options given the current timetable. Thereto, the routes are split into an inbound itinerary, a transfer within the same bus station, and an outbound itinerary; the validity of a travel option depends on the assignment of the bus lines to the bus stations. We decompose the problem into first finding a distribution of the lines over the stations and then assigning them to a platform at the station of choice. In the first subproblem, we find the best set of transfers using Integer Linear Programming (ILP), resulting in a station assignment. In the second subproblem, for each station, we distribute the bus lines over the platforms. In this subproblem, there can be multiple lines assigned to a single platform, as long as there are never more vehicles at the platform simultaneously than physically fit. The goal is to maximize the comfort of the transfer passengers by assigning tight transfers to adjacent platforms; this problem is solved using ILP as well.

Infrastructure Design for the People: Focus on the User – Exemplified by the Kienlesberg Bridge, Ulm

In the realm of bridge construction, outstanding results that convince both engineering specialists as well as the general public are mostly the outcome of intense cooperation between clients, structural engineers and often architects. Particularly in the field of densely populated areas such as inner cities, urban planners as well as future users must be involved in the decision-making process. Kienlesberg Bridge is a successful example of this, from competition to commissioning. The multi-award-winning bridge for trams, pedestrians and cyclists crosses a broad rail area of Deutsche Bahn (German railway) at Ulm's central railway station. After a competition announcement in 2011, the bridge was developed in close cooperation between architects and structural engineers and built parallel to an underlying Deutsche Bahn construction site leading to its inauguration in 2018. The competition design already referred directly to the urban development situation. The elegant wave form results naturally from the interplay between the alignment, the force flow and the severe limits on possible pillar positions due to the complex construction site. In addition to its crossing function, the bridge offers a high quality of user environment thanks to its materials, lighting and equipment concepts. This creates a new urban space in inhospitable surroundings.

Firing temperature determination of some18th century Transylvanian stove tiles using spectroscopic techniques

Three Transylvanian fragments of some 18th century Saxon tiles obtained from excavations in the Central Railway Station Square in Sibiu (Romania) have been studied by Raman microscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRF techniques. A lead-rich aluminosilicate was found to have been used as enamel/glaze for the tile fragments. An analysis of the band components of the Raman spectra of the enamel of one fragment in the 400−1200 cm−1 spectral region indicates that their processing temperature was in the 600−800 °C range, in good agreement with the temperature obtained from FTIR spectra of the other two tile fragments.

Preface

About Srinivas University (Organizer) Srinivas University, Mangalore, is a Private Research University in Mangalore, Karnataka, India established in 2013 by the Karnataka State Act. Srinivas University is the flagship of 18 Srinivas Group of Institutions started by A. Shama Rao Foundation, Mangalore, India, a private Charitable Trust founded in 1988 by an Eminent Chartered Accountant A. Raghavendra Rao. A. Shama Rao Foundation has started many professional colleges in Mangalore which include Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Srinivas Institute of Technology, Srinivas College of Pharmacy, Srinivas Institute of Nursing Sciences, A Shama Rao Nursing School, Srinivas Integrated Campus, Srinivas College of Hotel Management, Vijayalakshmi Institute of Hospitality Sciences, Srinivas First Grade College, Srinivas School of Engineering, Srinivas Institute of Management Studies, Srinivas College of Physiotherapy, Srinivas School of Business, Srinivas School of Management, Srinivas College of Education, Srinivas Institute of Social Work. About Department College of Computer Science and Information Science is envisioned to other courses which would build the students into enthusiastic quality professionals in the field of Computer Science and Information Technology. The College is located in the heart of Mangalore City, connected with Central Railway Station others excellent learning atmosphere. Students are exposed to a variety of curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities that transform them into dynamic change agents who are able to make a difference by their presence wherever they are. Students from different parts of the country and regions who enroll in the college make it truly inclusive and multi-cultural. The college promotes research in relevant fields of Computer and Information Science also other Ph.D/D.Sc and Post-Doctoral Fellow Programme in accordance with the regulations of the University. About Conference International Conference on Computational Physics in Emerging Technologies (ICCPET’2020) aims to bring together leading Academic Scientists, Researchers, Practitioners, Educators to present, discuss the most recent Innovations, Trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the domain of interest from around the world to exchange, share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Computational Physics. Prospective authors are kindly encouraged to contribute to and help shape the conference through submissions of their research abstracts, papers, e-posters and high quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, or theoretical work in all areas of Computational Physics in Emerging Technologies are cordially invited for presentation at the conference. International Conference on Advances in Computational Physics in Emerging Technologies is the premier interdisciplinary platform for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields.International Conference on Computational Physics in Emerging Technologies (ICCPET’2020) is the premier interdisciplinary platform for Academicians, Authors, Students, Research Scholars, Scientists and Industry Experts for the presentation of new advanced innovative research ideas and results to share in the field. The more gatherings get shut down due to the growing concern of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). So, there may be a chance of entire conference events will take place online for all national and International Participants. We have modern technology support from our university, Which enables us to hold face-to-face Virtual presentations and for a digital event to take place, in lieu of an in-person event. We look forward to bringing together Keynotes Speakers and Participants from all parts of the world in this new virtual format to learn and together. The live online conferences will have the same content as the in-person versions and will maintain the same agenda as originally planned, with minor adjustments to the schedule that are convenient for attendees in different time zones. Replacing the in-person event with a dynamic virtual Presentation will enable us to bring attendees and speakers together in a healthy and productive way.The Location of the conference was Srinivas University, Pandeshwar, Mangalore-575001, Karnataka, India. Entire Conference in Online mode through Cisco Webex Meeting. First 1 Hour inauguration and next 2 hours Invited talk. Discussion and Question and Answer happened through webex Platform. The delegates will present paper from their location through Webex sharing. We had a capacity to accommodate 1000 participants in webex Platform. We had a Internet speed of 50 Mbps. We had continuous stable internet connection. We were able to conduct smoothly virtual conference. For Inauguration there were only 30 members and some participants internet connection was not stable, other than this there was no problem in conducting virtual conference.List of Conference Report, SRINIVAS UNIVERSITY International Conference on Computational Physics in Emerging Technologies, ICCPET 2020 Oral Presentation Guidelines, PRESENTATION SCHEDULE, Editors, The Invoice Address are available in the pdf.

Visualizing Train Delays Using Tableau and the Framework of a Delay Impact Visualization System

Disturbances in a railway system greatly affect the operation of trains, and lead to train delays. Visual analysis of relevant delay indicators after the occurrences of disturbances is of great significance for dispatch decision-making. First, in this paper, the impact of railway delay indicators is defined and calculated. Next, based on the train delay data of roughly 3 months for the Dutch railway line Amsterdam Central Station-Utrecht Central Railway Station (Asd-Ut), and combined with the tableau visualization platform, a visual display interface of the delay situation is designed to comprehensively display the delay situation in stations and sections, which can assist in decision-making processes for train operations and the organization of these areas. Finally, a delay impact visualization system of railway traffic is designed, considering the system requirements analysis, system construction roadmap, and overall framework design, which provides the theoretical basis for the subsequent development of the visualization system.

Determining passenger satisfaction out of platform-based amenities: A study of Kanpur Central Railway Station

Platforms constitute an integral component of any rail journey. An individual may avail of several platform-based amenities at a railway station, satisfaction out of which is assumed to be of paramount significance. Hence this study measures satisfaction that passengers gain out of such amenities through a survey conducted at Kanpur Central station of North Central Railway in India. Regression analysis has been applied to determine a model of passenger satisfaction, following which, a service quality performance matrix (SQPM) is constructed to demarcate between amenities that need to be improved and those that may be maintained. Finally a User Satisfaction Index (USI) is built based on Customer Satisfaction Index to define a priority order for improving amenities. Regression results show 5 out of 7 factors significant in predicting passenger satisfaction. Out of the 26 amenities under improvement zone of SQPM, the top 5 that need to be improved as per USI include 3 related to cleanliness and hygiene. Findings point towards abysmal condition of Kanpur Central, which falls in the prestigious A1 category of stations of Indian Railways. The validated model as an outcome of this paper is expected to be useful for policy makers in defining policies and strategies for improving platform-based amenities. Further, the CSI we have constructed would provide a framework to formulate improvement action plans on priority basis by Indian Railways.

Compressed Air Working in Chennai During Metro Tunnel Construction: Occupational Health Problems

Chennai metropolis has been growing rapidly. Need was felt of a metro rail system. Two corridors were planned. Corridor 1, of 23 km starting from Washermanpet to Airport. 14.3 km of this would be underground. Corridor 2, of 22 km starting from Chennai Central Railway station to St. Thomas Mount. 9.7 km of this would be underground. Occupational health centre's role involved selection of miners and assessing their fitness to work under compressed air. Planning and execution of compression and decompression, health monitoring and treatment of compression related illnesses. More than thirty five thousand man hours of work was carried out under compressed air pressure ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 bar absolute. There were only three cases of pain only ( Type I) decompression sickness which were treated with recompression. Vigilant medical supervision, experienced lock operators and reduced working hours under pressure because of inclement environmental conditions viz. high temperature and humidity, has helped achieve this low incident. Tunnelling activity will increase in India as more cities will soon opt for underground metro railway. Indian standard IS 4138 – 1977 ” Safety code for working in compressed air” needs to be updated urgently keeping pace with modern working methods.

Radiofrequency radiation at Stockholm Central Railway Station in Sweden and some medical aspects on public exposure to RF fields.

The Stockholm Central Railway Station in Sweden was investigated for public radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure. The exposimeter EME Spy 200 was used to collect the RF exposure data across the railway station. The exposimeter covers 20 different radiofrequency bands from 88 to 5,850 MHz. In total 1,669 data points were recorded. The median value for total exposure was 921 μW/m2 (or 0.092 μW/cm2; 1 μW/m2=0.0001 μW/cm2) with some outliers over 95,544 μW/m2 (6 V/m, upper detection limit). The mean total RF radiation level varied between 2,817 to 4,891 μW/m2 for each walking round. High mean measurements were obtained for GSM + UMTS 900 downlink varying between 1,165 and 2,075 μW/m2. High levels were also obtained for UMTS 2100 downlink; 442 to 1,632 μW/m2. Also LTE 800 downlink, GSM 1800 downlink, and LTE 2600 downlink were in the higher range of measurements. Hot spots were identified, for example close to a wall mounted base station yielding over 95,544 μW/m2 and thus exceeding the exposimeter's detection limit. Almost all of the total measured levels were above the precautionary target level of 3–6 μW/m2 as proposed by the BioInitiative Working Group in 2012. That target level was one-tenth of the scientific benchmark providing a safety margin either for children, or chronic exposure conditions. We compare the levels of RF radiation exposures identified in the present study to published scientific results reporting adverse biological effects and health harm at levels equivalent to, or below those measured in this Stockholm Central Railway Station project. It should be noted that these RF radiation levels give transient exposure, since people are generally passing through the areas tested, except for subsets of people who are there for hours each day of work.

一極集中型コンパクトシティ政策の有効性に関するアクセシビリティのシミュレーション分析

Recently, governments of some cities have adopted urban policies, based on a compact city concept to facilitate accessibility, mainly for mobility-impaired people among Japan's ageing society. The government of Aomori city has planned a popular compact city model, or a centralized urban physical structure, by controlling the urbanized area of the Mid-city zone (population-incentive zone) in the city master plan established in 1999. The effects of measures for providing accessibility to the central railway station as a representative facility of the city center are analyzed, and the implications for urban policy based on a centralized compact city design in Aomori city are investigated. Accessibility, as represented by time-distance to the central station, is measured based on a road network analysis and timetables of train and bus services. As a result, it is observed at a level where most of the population can reach the facility. The simulations are based on the following measures: 1) supporting migration inside of the Mid-city from the Outer-city forming the suburbs; and 2) improving the frequency of bus transportation in the Toyama housing district, a case-study area in the suburbs. The major findings are as follows. 1) Accessibility to the central station by train is improved with migration and the effects are greater for elderly people. It seems to be useful to strengthen these effects if migration is only into the Inner-city. Although variations in migration measures are found under several conditions, accessibility is finally improved to almost the same level. Therefore, it is important to continue migration support measures, even if the pace is slow. 2) Accessibility to the central station by bus from the Toyama housing district is improved substantially under a situation where the frequency of bus services is increased until five-fold. The effect is also improved for elderly people. Some suburban cores such as large housing districts should be set or maintained at least the short-term aims of urban policy, because the population is already distributed in the suburbs and the level of functions of daily life should be maintained there. Lastly, it is important that the city master plan refers to the phasing of centralization from the suburbs, especially, about methods and times. If it is considered that the suburban cores continue independently in the process of compact city policy, the government of the city should include the cores in the urban structure and the city master plan should be revised.

Bodies and sculptures: Moving mountains

Abstract This short-form article examines the relationships between people and place through a case-study of the practice of parkour. In 2009, the sculpture Cader Idris (1999), by William Pye, was removed from its prominent position outside Cardiff Central Railway Station in Wales’s capital city. During the ten years it had occupied this location, the sculpture had become popular amongst practitioners of parkour (known as traceurs). Traceurs aim to move freely along a freely determined trajectory, without inhibition or recourse to prescribed routes, approaching objects as aides to movement rather than obstacles. The incorporation of Cader Idris into such routines was cut short by the sculpture’s relocation away from the central area to become part of an art trail – a move some felt related to concerns over the use of the work. Ongoing cycles of urban redevelopment and regeneration challenge the ability to take for granted the longevity of familiar sites, and traceurs’ focus on mobility offers a novel way of approaching the changing urban landscape. By tracing the movement of a sculpture from its original location to a new site, the short-form article considers how human and non-human bodies in motion might facilitate new ways of defining and engaging with the built environment through notions of materiality and the sensing body.