Central Management Unit Research Articles

Information interaction and partial growth-based multi-population growable genetic algorithm for multi-dimensional resources utilization optimization of cloud computing

Optimizing multi-dimensional resource utilization is a critical research area in distributed computing, particularly in cloud computing, where various heterogeneous resources are integrated to offer a wide range of services. Addressing this issue necessitates the simultaneous consideration of multiple resource bottlenecks. This paper presents a new solution, called the Multi-Population Growth Genetic Algorithm (MPGGA), which consists of a central management unit responsible for executing information interaction and growth quota reallocation, and multiple population evolution executors to perform crossover and regeneration within each population. The proposed MPGGA combines elite sharing and priority support for the weaker population (ESPW), resulting in better convergence and optimality than other combinations of strategies. This outcome is corroborated by extensive ablation experiments on various strategies. Furthermore, the experimental results for minimizing the maximum utilization of resources in each dimension indicate that MPGGA-ESPW outperforms other popular algorithms, such as GHW-NSGA II (1.363x), GHW-MOEA/D (1.339x), NSGA II (1.948x), and MOEA/D (2.151x) in terms of convergence speed. For energy consumption-related optimization problems, the experimental results demonstrate that the adaptability of a single algorithm in MPGGA family is limited by the algorithm of growth route, while also showing that the MPGGA framework is flexible to allow various algorithms as its growth route to adapt to various scenarios.

The place and importance of the Security Service of Ukraine in the implementation of the administrative and legal mechanism for ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens

In the article, I will consider the essence of the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen. The definition of the concept of “administrative-legal provision of the rights and freedoms of citizens” is provided, taking into account that this legal phenomenon should be understood as the activity of public authorities regulated by legislation, the content of which is the creation of conditions for the realization, protection and protection of citizens’ rights through legal means. The content and features of the implementation of administrative and legal means of ensuring the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen by public authorities are disclosed.Emphasis is placed on one of the key directions of implementation of the law enforcement function of the state through ensuring the safety of people, society and the state as a whole, with the aim of achieving a state of legal protection of vital public and private interests. The important place in the system of the relevant subjects of the SSU powers of authority is emphasized. The system of this state institution is built in the form of a central management unit, a regional unit, a specialized unit, a research and educational unit, a specialized unit, and their content of activity are also characterized.The specifics of the administrative and legal status of the bodies and units of the Security Service of Ukraine were determined, and the essence of their external and internal administrative activities while guaranteeing the effective functioning of the national mechanism for ensuring human rights was revealed. With this in mind, the main functions of the SSU in the relevant field are specified, including preventive, counterintelligence, law enforcement, information and analytical, scientific and technical, national security, criminal justice, international legal, interdepartmental and partnership function function.

SoLiCiT: Synchronous Listen, Code, and Transmit Protocol for Wireless Control Applications

Industrial control applications are deployed in environments characterized by high signal attenuation and severe multipath fading, which is a potential cause for significant packet losses. This is in conflict with achieving low latency and highly reliable wireless communication, a requirement of closed-loop control applications. We propose SoLiCiT, a wireless networking protocol that employs concurrent transmissions with specifically designed erasure coding to meet these demands without the need for retransmissions. Synchronous transmissions help to realize a simple protocol design while using helper nodes to transmit redundancy allows for lost packets to be recovered within fixed and tight latency bounds. We provide a range of coding solutions that can be tailored to the application and also present a case study with a battery storage management application in which battery cells report their status to a central management unit. Using a realistic ray tracing model of the actual battery storage container, we evaluate the radio environment and show the efficacy of SoLiCiT compared to benchmarking schemes, such as a low-power wireless bus.

A Sensor-Based Platform for Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease Monitoring.

Biosensing platforms have gained much attention in clinical practice screening thousands of samples simultaneously for the accurate detection of important markers in various diseases for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Herein, a framework for the design of an innovative methodological approach combined with data processing and appropriate software in order to implement a complete diagnostic system for Parkinson's disease exploitation is presented. The integrated platform consists of biochemical and peripheral sensor platforms for measuring biological and biometric parameters of examinees, a central collection and management unit along with a server for storing data, and a decision support system for patient's state assessment regarding the occurrence of the disease. The suggested perspective is oriented on data processing and experimental implementation and can provide a powerful holistic evaluation of personalized monitoring of patients or individuals at high risk of manifestation of the disease.

Image-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Demand–Capacity Balancing

Air traffic flow management (ATFM) is of crucial importance to the European Air Traffic Control System due to two factors: first, the impact of ATFM, including safety implications on ATC operations; second, the possible consequences of ATFM measures on both airports and airlines operations. Thus, the central flow management unit continually seeks to improve traffic flow management to reduce delays and congestion. In this work, we investigated the use of reinforcement learning (RL) methods to compute policies to solve demand–capacity imbalances (a.k.a. congestion) during the pre-tactical phase. To address cases where the expected demands exceed the airspace sector capacity, we considered agents representing flights who have to decide on ground delays jointly. To overcome scalability issues, we propose using raw pixel images as input, which can represent an arbitrary number of agents without changing the system’s architecture. This article compares deep Q-learning and deep deterministic policy gradient algorithms with different configurations. Experimental results, using real-world data for training and validation, confirm the effectiveness of our approach to resolving demand–capacity balancing problems, showing the robustness of the RL approach presented in this article.

Design and in-orbit application of a new generalized fully-configured digital satellite based on software-in-the-loop

The digital satellite mainly simulates the satellite’s central management unit (CMU), control subsystem, chemical propulsion subsystem, electric propulsion subsystem, orbit and attitude dynamics, avionic subsystem, measurement and control interface, the communication between CMU and avionic subsystem is realized by simulating 1553B bus interface. In this paper, based on the fully-configured satellite of Dongfanghong-4 enhanced platform, a new generalized digital satellite based on software-in-the-loop is presented. The modularized design and integration of the common parts and the configurable design of the different parts are adopted to improve the versatility and maintainability, at the same time, the simulation of the CMU hardware structure is realized, and the on-board software can be embedded without modification. It has been successfully applied to high-orbit satellites for the first time, greatly improving the efficiency, reliability and in-orbit application.

Distributed Destination Search Routing for 5G and beyond Networks.

Fifth-generation and beyond networks target multiple distributed network application such as Internet of Things (IoT), connected robotics, and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). In the absence of a central management unit, the device need to search and establish a route towards the destination before initializing data transmission. In this paper, we proposes a destination search and routing method for distributed 5G and beyond networks. In the proposed method, the source node makes multiple attempts to search for a route towards the destination by expanding disk-like patterns originating from the source node. The source node increases the search area in each attempt, accommodating more nodes in the search process. As a result, the probability of finding the destination increases, which reduces energy consumption and time delay of routing. We propose three variants of routing for high, medium, and low-density network scenarios and analyze their performance for various network configurations. The results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed solution is better than previously proposed techniques in terms of time latency and reduced energy consumption, making it applicable for 5G and beyond networks.

Design, Implementation, and Deployment of Modular Battery Management System for IIoT-Based Applications

This paper proposes design and implementation of a battery management system (BMS) for the industrial internet of things (IIoT) enabled applications. The hardware and software development of this BMS is briefly presented in this paper. In terms of hardware development, the presented BMS have modular topology and has 1) high fault tolerance and 2) has exceptionally flexible deployment owing to its topology having multiple local management units (LMUs) connected to a central management unit (CMU). This hardware design approach aims to address the overall design efficiency and cost trade-off of BMS deployment. The hardware design efficiency is tested using actual deployment. In terms of fault tolerance using 1 – 3 LMUs at fault, the voltage monitoring accuracy is maintained for each LMUs. An average of 0.00017 V, 0.0008 V and 0.001 V voltage difference is yielded for 1, 2, and 3 modules at fault respectively. Additionally, core BMS sub-circuit is tested to verify hardware design efficiency such as the DC-to-DC converter which yielded 92.74%. Furthermore, the CMU is integrated with a wireless communication circuit that enables IIoT-based applications such as the emerging edge-based, and a plethora of intelligent deployment. In terms of software, the presented BMS aims to realize state-of-the-art processing through IIoT based approach. For software testing and verification, the BMS is deployed to an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). The signal stability is tested for UGV based application at a 3500s deployment time whereas an average of 0.0010V voltage difference is yielded. This is verified using time markers which is further analyzed using software-based signal processing and acquisition simulation. Concisely, the proposed BMS aims to converge IIoT applications to its actual deployment. The proposed BMS is designed, implemented, and successfully deployed to test its viability both in the simulation platform and actual deployment.

Genetic assessment reveals inbreeding, possible hybridization, and low levels of genetic structure in a declining goose population.

The population numbers of taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis fabalis) have halved during recent decades. Since this subspecies is hunted throughout most of its range, the decline is of management concern. Knowledge of the genetic population structure and diversity is important for guiding management and conservation efforts. Genetically unique subpopulations might be hunted to extinction if not managed separately, and any inbreeding depression or lack of genetic diversity may affect the ability to adapt to changing environments and increase extinction risk. We used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers to study the genetic population structure and diversity among taiga bean geese breeding within the Central flyway management unit using non‐invasively collected feathers. We found some genetic structuring with the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA between four geographic regions (ɸ ST = 0.11–0.20) but none with the nuclear microsatellite markers (all pairwise F ST‐values = 0.002–0.005). These results could be explained by female natal philopatry and male‐biased dispersal, which completely homogenizes the nuclear genome. Therefore, the population could be managed as a single unit. Genetic diversity was still at a moderate level (average H E = 0.69) and there were no signs of past population size reductions, although significantly positive inbreeding coefficients in all sampling sites (F IS = 0.05–0.10) and high relatedness values (r = 0.60–0.86) between some individuals could indicate inbreeding. In addition, there was evidence of either incomplete lineage sorting or introgression from the pink‐footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus). The current population is not under threat by genetic impoverishment but monitoring in the future is desirable.

The Selectivity of Purse Seine Againt Euthynnus affinis Catch in PPN Muara Angke Jakarta

Purse seine is one of the fishing gear that has been used by PPN Muara Angke fisher to catch pelagis fish. The selectivity of purse seine was still being researched until now . This research was conducted determine the selectivity of purse seine fishing gear with parameter the length of Euthynnus affinis, weight and numbers catch on purse seine fishing gear landed in PPN Muara Angke. The research used a survey method with quantitative descriptive analysis. The sampling method used in this was purposive sampling and random sampling. The data collected during the research were primary data and secondary data. Primary data included the number and weight of catches, fork length of Euthynnus affinis from five purse seine fishing vessel in PPN Muara Angke. Secondary data included production data of purse seine catches from 2015-2019 and vessel data obtained from Central Port Management Unit Jakarta and PPN Muara Angke. Purposive sampling used for the number of catch, weight of catch, production of purse seine catch from 2015-2019 and purse seine fishing vessels data. Random sampling used for fork length Euthynnus affinis fish, 250 samples were taken randomly on one purse seine fishing vessel. The research results pusre seine fishing gear which was landed at PPN Muara Angke was not selective due to the percentage length of the Euthynnus affinis was worth, proportion of amount and weight less than 60%.

There’s no place like home — site fidelity by female moose (Alces alces) in central Ontario, Canada

Site fidelity is thought to provide increased fitness through familiarity with the distribution of forage, protective cover, breeding and offspring rearing sites, and predators. For moose (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)), previous research has documented fidelity at varying spatial scales. Our objective was to build on this knowledge and assess fidelity by adult female moose in two areas of central Ontario, Canada (Algonquin Provincial Park (APP) and Wildlife Management Unit 49 (WMU49)). We used global positioning system data to generate mean weekly locations for collared moose, then measured the distance between paired weekly locations among consecutive years to evaluate site fidelity. We tested for effects of study area, biological season, moose age, and reproductive status using generalized linear mixed models. Moose demonstrated stronger site fidelity in WMU49, an area with more anthropogenic disturbance, than the protected area, APP. Fidelity was weakest in the winter, but was similar among other seasons and was independent of maternal age and the presence of a calf. Our study highlights the need to consider the scale of site fidelity relative to habitat management. Actions aimed at supporting moose populations might benefit more by protecting habitat classes selected by moose rather than specific sites used by individuals.

A Novel Scheme for P2P Energy Trading Considering Energy Congestion in Microgrid

The advancements in Renewable Energy Sources (RES), increasing trends of distributed generation and proliferation of prosumer community requires an affective utilization of energy in Microgrid (MG) paradigm. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading mechanism provides a platform where prosumers can participate in energy sharing which is beneficial for all users of MG. Meanwhile, due to the high penetration of RES and distributed generations in distribution system used in P2P energy trading concept, the control and operation of existing grid is lacking the required functionalities. In P2P energy trading, power congestion occurs on distribution system which can limit effective utilization of RES. As RES and power demands are increasing, congestion problem also tends to increase. Smart Metering (SM) infrastructure is used to handle Energy Congestion Problem (ECP) by more effective management of prosumer community in P2P energy trading mechanism. SM monitors power transactions, maintains status of the network and obtains power profiles of prosumers. In this paper, Normalized P2P (NP2P) energy trading scheme is proposed with objective to decrease load on main grid and cost minimization for all users. NP2P is centralized contracting scheme treats all users in Microgrid equal for energy flow and cost implementation. Three different cases are considered to validate efficiency of proposed P2P energy trading scheme. In this research work, ECP due to NP2P model is analyzed, modeled as Knapsack Problem (KP) and solved using Greedy and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms. In proposed research, Central Energy Management Unit (CEMU) is responsible for implementation of functions for NP2P model and energy congestion control. To improve the reliability of grid, some prosumers with surplus energy should be disconnected. The results of various considered cases for proposed NP2P scheme and algorithms for ECP are compared to verify effectiveness of the solution.

Uncoordinated frequency hopping scheme for defense against primary user emulation attack in cognitive radio networks

Primary User Emulation (PUE) attack is one of the serious attacks in the cognitive radio networks, which could cause the denial of service (DOS) in the secondary networks. In this article, assuming one attacker in the network and in the lack of a central management unit, a distributed scheme based on the uncoordinated frequency hopping technique is proposed to defense against the PUE attack. This scheme consists of two phases. In the synchronization phase, the secondary user (SU) tries to synchronize with its receiver by sending a random pattern in the licensed channels while the attacker tries to prevent the SU from using these channels. In the data-sending phase, the SU sends its data according to the random pattern in the presence of the PUE attacker. In this scheme, the SU can re-sense the selected channel for reducing the effects of the attacker on the overhead of the synchronization phase. The synchronization phase is modeled by a non-zero-sum game between the SU (defender) and attacker. The relevant strategies are then extracted for each player and the Nash equilibrium point of this game is obtained with the game theory analysis. Numerical simulations demonstrated the correctness of the extracted Nash equilibrium point and improvement of the SU throughput in the presence of a PUE attacker.

Exploring spatial nonstationary environmental effects on Yellow Perch distribution in Lake Erie.

BackgroundGlobal regression models under an implicit assumption of spatial stationarity were commonly applied to estimate the environmental effects on aquatic species distribution. However, the relationships between species distribution and environmental variables may change among spatial locations, especially at large spatial scales with complicated habitat. Local regression models are appropriate supplementary tools to explore species-environment relationships at finer scales.MethodWe applied geographically weighted regression (GWR) models on Yellow Perch in Lake Erie to estimate spatially-varying environmental effects on the presence probabilities of this species. Outputs from GWR were compared with those from generalized additive models (GAMs) in exploring the Yellow Perch distribution. Local regression coefficients from the GWR were mapped to visualize spatially-varying species-environment relationships. K-means cluster analyses based on the t-values of GWR local regression coefficients were used to characterize the distinct zones of ecological relationships.ResultsGeographically weighted regression resulted in a significant improvement over the GAM in goodness-of-fit and accuracy of model prediction. Results from the GWR revealed the magnitude and direction of environmental effects on Yellow Perch distribution changed among spatial locations. Consistent species-environment relationships were found in the west and east basins for adults. The different kinds of species-environment relationships found in the central management unit (MU) implied the variation of relationships at a scale finer than the MU.ConclusionsThis study draws attention to the importance of accounting for spatial nonstationarity in exploring species-environment relationships. The GWR results can provide support for identification of unique stocks and potential refinement of the current jurisdictional MU structure toward more ecologically relevant MUs for the sustainable management of Yellow Perch in Lake Erie.

Demand side management in smart grid: A laboratory-based educational perspective

Demand side management is an important operational aspect of smart grid focusing on cost and efficiency optimisation by load management and control. With growing power demand and shortage of energy resources, it is necessary to educate people on the benefits of demand side management. In the present Electrical Engineering curriculum, demand side management is also being taught as a core topic in power system courses. Hands-on laboratory sessional in demand side management will definitely assist the students in their understanding of the working principles and implementation challenges of demand side management. In this paper, a small-scale laboratory prototype demand side management system has been implemented and is being used in power system laboratory work for Electrical Engineering students at IIT Bhubaneswar (India). In this demand side management prototype system, a Central Energy Management Unit, interfaced with all load/energy control units at each customer end, is used for centralised load scheduling control. A data-entry circuit is used at each customer end for prior transmission of load scheduling request. For wireless data communication among various units, a Global System for Mobile communication is adopted. The laboratory setup consists of few loads, ARDUINO microcontrollers, relay modules, current sensors, MATLAB interface (at Central Energy Management Unit end) and Global System for Mobile communication modules. The learning performance/efficiency of the students has been evaluated by the students’ responses to a questionnaire before and after the experiment being conducted by them and it has been found to be noteworthy highlighting the educative efficacy of the well-designed experiment on demand side management.

Analysis of Exposure to Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiations of Flights Representative of the European International Air Traffic.

This study analyzed the impact of galactic and solar cosmic rays on ambient dose equivalent during airline travel. A high statistic of flights are considered, which is representative of European international air traffic. Flight paths are based on the Eurocontrol Demand Data Repository and consider realistic flight plans with and without regulations or updated with radar data from the Central Flow Management Unit. Ambient dose equivalent during flights was investigated during quiet solar periods and extreme solar flare events. Thus, the statistical analyses presented here take into account route characteristics (departure, arrival, continent, etc.) and space weather conditions. The findings of this work show the important influence of flight path, particularly the latitude, which drives the cutoff rigidity variations. Moreover, dose values vary drastically during ground level enhancement events, with the route path (latitude, longitude and altitude) and the phasing of the solar event. This study highlights the importance of monitoring these solar events and developing a physical approach to obtain reliable assessment of ambient dose equivalents.

Distributed Home Energy Management System With Storage in Smart Grid Using Game Theory

In this paper, the problem of distributed home energy management system with storage ( HoMeS ) in a coalition, which consists of multiple microgrids and multiple customers, is studied using the multiple-leader–multiple-follower Stackelberg game theoretic model—a multistage and multilevel game. The microgrids, which act as the leaders, need to decide on the minimum amount of energy to be generated with the help of a central energy management unit and the optimum price per unit energy to maximize their profit. On the other hand, the customers, which act as the followers, need to decide on the optimum amount of energy to be consumed, including the energy to be requested for storage. Using the proposed distributed scheme, i.e., HoMeS , the earned profit of the grid improves up to 55%, and the customers consume almost 30.79% higher amount of energy, which, in turn, increases the utilization of the generated energy by the microgrids.

The Difficult Present and Uncertain Future of the Single European Sky Network Manager: The Challenges We Are Facing and Why They Matter

In order to ensure the safe and continuous flow of air traffic in European airspace, while avoiding congestion and minimizing delay and the impact on the environment, the Member States of EUROCONTROL have been jointly providing a centralized flow management function to airspace users for more than twenty years, through the Central Flow Management Unit and, more recently, the Network Manager. The future arrangement of this key function has lately become the subject of intensive discussions and some controversies. The parallel legal bases in EU law and international public law, the dual governance arrangements, and the differing views of the stakeholders on the future organization of the function, create a complex environment and pose a challenge for industry stakeholders, Member States of the EU, and EUROCONTROL. While the discussions have been going on for a considerable time, the legal aspect remains obscure and is a topic that is usually avoided. We suggest that clarification of the legal issues relevant to the central flow management/network management function is crucial for finding a lasting solution. We consider that the parallel legal bases in EU law and international public law should be reconciled. We will attempt to identify the basic questions that need to be considered going forward. We will also briefly address the relevance of the new legal concept of ‘industrial partnerships’ of the SES 2 proposal.

A Test Device for Optimize PMU-based Islanding Detection Technology

Islanding detection is a necessary function for grid connected distributed generators. Islanding detection methods can be classified as two catalogues: remote detecting methods and local detecting methods. Most of them have limitation and defects when they are applied in photovoltaic power stations. Recently Synchronous measurement is proposed to be applied for islanding detecting. Although the islanding detection method is supposed to be applied in traditional bulk power systems, it is also suitable for renewable generation power plants. To do this islanding detection will be implemented on central management unit of photovoltaic power station instead of on grid-tied inverters as traditionally. In implementing, the criteria of this method and the threshold of algorithm are to be optimized. This paper develops a test device to validate the proposed islanding detection method applying in PV station, and provide a platform for the algorithm optimization.

A Test Device for Optimize PMU-Based Islanding Detection Technology

Islanding detection is a necessary function for grid connected distributed generators. Usually, islanding detection methods can be classified as two catalogues: remote detecting methods and local detecting methods. Most of them have limitation and defects when they are applied in photovoltaic power stations. Recently synchronous phasor measuring units (PMU) is proposed to be applied for islanding detecting. Although the islanding detection method is supposed to be applied for traditional bulk power systems, it is also suitable for renewable generation power plants. To do this islanding detection will be implemented on central management unit of photovoltaic power station instead of on grid-tied inverters as traditionally. In implementing, the criteria of this method and the threshold of algorithm are needed to be optimized. This paper develops a test device which can optimize PMU-based islanding detection technology to validate the proposed islanding detection method applying in PV station. Then using simulation to discuss how to set a reasonable threshold for the researched islanding detection method applied in PV stations. Finally the paper provides a platform for the algorithm optimization.