Central Kashmir Research Articles

Role of Academic Procrastination on Metacognition of senior Secondary School Students of Central Kashmir

Procrastination is a universal phenomenon that affects most people in a variety of contexts. Academic procrastination is so common that it calls for systematic study that first identifies risk factors for academic procrastination and then looks at potential solutions, such metacognition, to lessen it. Metacognition is comprised of metacognitive control and metacognitive knowledge. Metacognitive control refers to the capacity to govern and to regulate one’s cognitive processes while metacognitive knowledge refers to the awareness of one’s own cognitive processes [1] have found that Metacognition is crucial in understanding and forecasting procrastination. This study aims to find the effect of academic procrastination and its dimensions on metacognition of senior secondary school students. For the study a sample of 383 individual subjects were taken. The sample was further divided into 180 males and 203 females. Academic Procrastination scale by [2] and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory Scale by [3] were utilized for this study. The findings demonstrate that academic procrastination and its aspects significantly impact adolescents’ metacognition.

A Study on Food waste, Religious guidance and its impact on Environment in Central Kashmir: A Sample Survey

In economy of any state food waste plays a significant role and its wastage has direct impact on environment and on economy. The decreasing of food waste clearly would lead to improved land utilization and water resources management of that area. In the present study carried out in Central Kashmir, a survey of the study area was carried out and discussions were held with the people of the study area i.e., district Srinagar, Budgam and Ganderbal of Kashmir. The study based on surveying methodology was conducted by designing a suitable questionnaire to bring out the current methods practiced for food waste disposal in central Kashmir, J&K. The data collected from survey was statistically analysed using standard statistical tools. The study revealed that food waste is directly or indirectly responsible for in environment pollution. It was suggested that responsible persons of area and government should come forward and play their role in controlling food waste and proper disposal of food wastage. We know plastic pollution is the aggregation of plastic objects and particles in the Earth's environment that adversely affects humans, wildlife and their habitat. The elders of study area revealed that a number of water bodies vanished in last 3-4 decades because of overpopulation, poor drainage system, deviation from Islamic teaching and climate change. Finally, it was suggested that everyone should play his/her role in reducing food waste as it is a social, environmental as well as a religious crime

Variations Between Physical Banking and Internet Banking Usage amid COVID-19 Pandemic

The usage of banking functions through Internet is comfortable and time saving process, since the usage rates of different banking functions through Internet banking mechanism are very low. The present study aims to evaluate the variations between physical banking and internet banking and explores the problems faced by banking customers in using internet banking amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary data for the present study were collected from banking customers, who were identified on a random basis from three different areas of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The total sample size was 1,200, comprising a breakup of 400 for each of the sampling areas of central Kashmir, south Kashmir and north Kashmir. Internet banking adoption is changing the physical usage of non-financial products and financial products worldwide. Today, a click of the mouse and mobile banking offer a lot of transactions regarding electronic non-financial products and electronic financial products. Still, the adoption rates of these products are very low. The present study has examined the situation of electronic banking adoption amid the COVID-19 pandemic, and hence, it is found that maximum number of customers are non-users of electronic non-financial products and electronic financial products. Amid the pandemic, the reason for non-usage of technology banking by a majority of customers was lack of awareness, technological barriers and security concerns. They also used physical banking activities and did not follow social distancing as suggested by the Government of India during March 2020. Therefore, it is the basic responsibility of the banking industry to motivate their customers and address their concerns regarding the usage of electronic non-financial products and electronic financial products, as the maximum number of banking customers are non-users of electronic non-financial products and electronic financial products. If the banking industry will address the concerns of banking customers regarding the usage of technology banking, then only a country like India with a huge population can have technological banking and environment-friendly banking and can face situations like the COVID-19 pandemic in future.

Evaluation of disaster preparedness in educational infrastructure of remote geographies using Analytical Hierarchy process

This research paper assesses the disaster preparedness of educational infrastructure in Central Kashmir, employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. Its primary objective is to gauge the preparedness level of educational institutions and identify crucial factors influencing their capacity to effectively mitigate and respond to disasters. The study utilized a sample of 620 institutions, comprising 340 government and 280 private institutions, with 1240 respondents selected via stratified random sampling across Budgam, Srinagar, and Ganderbal areas of Central Kashmir. Results reveal that 73 % of the surveyed institutions in the region lack preparedness, while only 27 % demonstrate >50 < 100 % preparedness for handling multiple disaster scenarios. Notably, private institutions exhibit significantly higher individual disaster preparedness compared to their counterparts in government institutions. Additionally, the study identifies earthquakes as the primary concern, with fires, floods, and landslides perceived to have a comparatively lesser impact on individuals’ perception and awareness. These findings offer critical insights into the gaps and challenges within disaster preparedness in remote areas such as the Valley of Kashmir. This paper serves as a foundation for crafting targeted strategies aimed at bolstering the resilience of educational infrastructure throughout the region.

Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Button Mushroom in Central Kashmir

Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Button Mushroom in Central Kashmir

Disaster risk assessment of educational infrastructure in mountain geographies using PROMETHEE-II

This study delves into the crucial realm of disaster risk assessment pertaining to educational infrastructure in mountain geographies, employing the PROMETHEE-II (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) technique. The study was carried out in Central Kashmir which is susceptible to various hazards, making the assessment of risks to educational facilities imperative for ensuring the safety and resilience of these crucial establishments. The AHP technique was used to assess the seismic, flood and landslide vulnerabilities of the sample institutions in the study area. The vulnerabilities were then treated against the preparedness levels using the PROMETHEE-II model. The findings reveal that out of 620 sample institutions, about 215 institutions are having high disaster risk and only about 60 sample institutions fall in low-risk category. Through the application of this method, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the vulnerabilities and potential risks faced by educational infrastructure in mountainous areas. The outcomes of the study will contribute significantly to enhancing disaster preparedness, mitigation strategies, and resource allocation for safeguarding educational institutions in these challenging terrains.

The Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Bovine Babesia Species and the First Report of B. bovis from Kashmir Himalayas.

Bovine babesiosis, a global disease, has not been studied so far in Kashmir valley, which is having temperate type of climate as compared to rest of India having tropical to sub-tropical climate, so we felt the need to investigate it. To diagnose the babesiosis in clinically suspected cattle (n=450), peripheral blood film examination and PCR tests using generic and species-specific primers targeting Babesia/Theleria genera and B. bigemina, B. bovis as well as B. divergens, respectively were conducted. Four PCR products were sequenced and subjected to BLASTn analysis. Ticks were collected from the clinically suspected animals and identified as per the standard morphological keys. The prevalence of babesiosis among suspected cattle in central Kashmir by peripheral blood film examination and PCR technique was 11.11% and 33.62%, respectively. The 18S rRNA gene of Isolate B1 of Babesia spp. showed 99.0 to 100% nucleotide sequence homology with 18S rRNA gene of different isolates of B. bigemina registered in the GenBank, while as 18S rRNA gene of Isolate Z showed 98.5 to 99.2% and 93.1 to 93.9% nucleotide sequence homology with 18S rRNA gene of different isolates of Babesia spp. and B. bigemina, respectively, registered in the GenBank. Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. were the two major tick genera identified in the present study. Bovine Babesiosis in Kashmir is attributed to B. bovis, B. bigemina and some other Babesia spp. or strains which needs further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Babesia bovis from northern India in cattle.

Adolescents and Psychosocial Issues: An Empirical Study

The adolescent period is a time of many upswings and downsides which requires constant support and guidance from parents, guardians and society. Moreover, adolescent girls face more psychosocial problems in contrast to boys, especially in India due to its different social and cultural environment. The psychosocial problems can have an adverse effect on the health of adolescent girls. Thus, social investment in adolescents is important not only for their well-being but also for society as a whole. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is one of the social investment programmes in India which seeks to address such problems in girls. The present research study has been carried out to explore the psychosocial issues of adolescent girl beneficiaries’ of the ICDS programme in Central Kashmir. Furthermore, the role of demographic and socio-economic factors in relation to psychosocial issues has also been examined. The research was both explorative and descriptive, and the data were analysed with quantitative techniques involving ANOVA in SPSS. The results obtained provide interesting insights into the research problems which can be beneficial for many stakeholders. The study results revealed that most of the beneficiaries had psychosocial issues such as somatic complications, adjustment problems, sleep problems, attention problems and sleep problems. However, these problems varied in relation to different demographic variables such as age, gender, education, district, economic status, etc. The research also provides interesting and valuable suggestions to different stakeholders regarding their role in solving the problems of adolescent girls.

21st Century climate change projections of temperature and precipitation in Central Kashmir Valley under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5

Regional climate models (RCMs) give more reliable results for a regional impact study of climate change, but they still have a significant bias that has to be corrected before they can be utilised in climate change research. In this study, two methods for local bias correction of Tmax, Tmin and precipitation data at monthly scales, namely the modified difference approach (MDA) and the linear scaling (LS) method, were applied and validated to minimize the bias between the modelled (HAD GEM2-ES-GCM) and observed climate data in Central Kashmir Valley. Tmax, Tmin and precipitation correction functions generated using the LS method on a monthly time scale were shown to be excellent than MDA for bias correction of weather data to make it close to observed data in both scenarios (RCP 4.5 &amp; 8.5). Comparison between two scenarios was done to determine the climate change extent in Central Kashmir Valley using LS method. The past 30 years observed average temperature and precipitation was 14.17 °C and 734.06 mm, respectively considered as a baseline for comparison purpose. Annual Taverage (°C) showed increase in all the three time slices and maximum increase by 3.09 and 5.72 °C during far future (FF) (2071-2095) under RCP 4.5 &amp; 8.5, respectively. Whereas, the results of average annual precipitation also showed increase in future scenario and maximum increase by 29.25 mm (3.98%) during mid future (2046-2070) and 215.98 mm (29.42%) during end future (2071-2095), under RCP 4.5 &amp; 8.5 respectively. It was concluded that under RCP 8.5 scenario climate change was quite significant than RCP 4.5.

Assessment of Rationality in the Use of Veterinary Drugs in the Valley of Kashmir

Background: The study of rationality in the use of commonly prescribed drugs especially antibiotics and anthelmintics in the Central Kashmir in a retrospective manner of two years from April, 2019 to April, 2021. Methods: A retrospective study was designed to assess rationality of drug use at 4 locations i.e. Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC) FVSc. and A.H Shuhama SKUAST Kashmir, Intensive Cattle Development Centre (ICDC) Saloora Ganderbal (Department of Animal Husbandry, Govt. of J and K), Intensive Cattle Development Centre (ICDC) Bakura, Ganderbal (Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Govt of J and K) and Poultry Section of District Veterinary Hospital Ganderbal (Dept. of Animal Husbandry Govt. of J and K). Result: A total of 4116 cases were recorded and a total of 11132 medicines/drugs were prescribed. The average number of drugs per prescription came out to be 2.7. Out of all the drugs used 12.10 % were antimicrobials, 3.94% were anthelmintics and 83.96% were other drugs. The most commonly used antibiotics and anthelmintics came out to be Enrofloxacin (17.22%), Ceftriaxone (13.81%), Ivermectin (23.29%) and Fenbendazole (27.17%). The results revealed the therapy to be deviating from rational guidelines as per WHO (2012) set for humans. The irrational, injudicious and indiscriminate use of drugs in veterinary practice leads to the increase in the menace of drug resistance and more chances of drug residues in animal foods like meat, milk, chicken, eggs etc.Background: The study of rationality in the use of commonly prescribed drugs especially antibiotics and anthelmintics in the Central Kashmir in a retrospective manner of two years from April, 2019 to April, 2021.

A Study on Awareness and Attitude of People towards Use of Traditional Medicine in Central Kashmir, J&amp;K

Jammu and Kashmir region popularly known as heaven on earth is covered by loftymountains, dense forests which receive heavy rainfall and snow. The forests in Jammu and Kashmir region arespread over broad geo-climatic zones, play most significant role in the economy of the region as they provide rich forest resources indispensable for human beings. Since ancient times Herbalmedicine, also called as herbalism or botanical medicine, a medical system based on theuse of plants or plant extracts that may be eaten or applied to the skinto treat illness and to assist bodily functions. The Hakeems and the Vaidayas of study area, have rich treasure of knowledge about the local medicinal plants and the system is still used mostly in remoteareas of Jammu and Kashmir region. We know Nomads have their own traditional knowledge of heath care, unfortunately this knowledge is threatened due to various natural and anthropogenic factors. We undertake this study on thisbackground to assess the awareness an awareness among people of central Kashmirof Jammu and Kashmir region. In present study, a well designed validated questionnaire was used to collect the information from a sample of 400 people (200 male and 200 female) selected randomly from different Unani hospitals and in the study area. The data collected from survey was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted statistically using standard statisticalmethods. The results obtained from our survey showed that respondents understudy male as well as female are aware about importance of traditional medicine but lack in attitude towards use of Unani medicine for treatment of illness. The study revealed that majority of respondents (male=69.5%, female= 73.5%) were aware about unani medicine as a mode of treatment to cure various diseases. Further, main source of information about unani medicine among respondents (male=32.5%, female= 38.5%) were elders in family, followed by neighbours (male=17.0%, female= 20.0%) and by friends (male=15.0%, female= 18.5%). Statistically, significant difference was observed between male and female respondents in preference of treatment (P&lt;0.01). It was concluded from our study that lack of attitude towards use of medicinal plants as treatment for illnessand facilities were the majorproblems for the efficient use of Unani medicine. There is an urgent need of giving mass awareness on importance of medicinal plants to the people of the Jammu and Kashmir region.

Magnetic constraints and susceptible inversions of Balapur Fault at central Kashmir Basin, NW Himalaya

Research subject. Subsurface investigations of the Balapur Fault at central Kashmir Basin, NW Himalaya through groundmagnetic surveys and data interpretations. Materials and methods. The total magnetic intensity data was obtained using ground magnetic surveys carried out by proton precession magnetometers at 15 m spacing. The magnetic constraints and inversions of the Balapur fault in the central Kashmir basin of NW Himalaya were analyzed. Results. The total magnetic intensity was found averaging at 97.7 with 45.8 nT as magnetic minima and 140.9 nT as magnetic maxima. The minima’s ranging from 45.8 and 55.8 nT in the gridded profile are inferred at the Balapur fault. Further, the fault-related susceptibility index was recorded from 0.0035 SI to 0.0015 SI, and the observed and predicted response values were found ranging between 67.1 to 87.7 and 67.4 to 86.6 nT respectively. Conclusion. The study suggests that the Balapur fault in the central Kashmir has produced high subsurface hydraulic activities and, therefore, evident low magnetic anomalies. The analysis reveals a thick minima region related to the fault and also indicated the presence of associated structures with the main Balapur fault segment.

Biomass and Leaf Nutrition Contents of Selected Grass and Legume Species in High Altitude Rangelands of Kashmir Himalaya Valley (Jammu & Kashmir), India.

The yield and nutritional profile of grass and legume species in Kashmir Valley's rangelands are scantly reported. The study area in this paper included three types of sites (grazed, protected, and seed-sown) divided into three circles: northern, central, and southern Kashmir. From each circle, three districts and three villages per district were selected. Most sites showed higher aboveground biomass (AGB) compared to belowground biomass (BGB), which showed low to moderate effects on biomass. The comparison between northern, central, and southern Kashmir regions revealed that AGB (86.74, 78.62, and 75.22 t. ha-1), BGB (52.04, 51.16, and 50.99 t. ha-1), and total biomass yield (138.78, 129.78, and 126.21 t. ha-1) were the highest in central Kashmir region, followed by southern and northern Kashmir regions, respectively. More precisely, AGB and total biomass yield recorded the highest values in the protected sites of the central Kashmir region, whereas BGB scored the highest value in the protected sites of southern Kashmir region. The maximum yield (12.5 t. ha-1) recorded among prominent grasses was attributed to orchard grass, while the highest crude fiber and crude protein contents (34.2% and 10.4%, respectively), were observed for Agrostis grass. The maximum yield and crude fiber content (25.4 t. ha-1 and 22.7%, respectively), among prominent legumes were recorded for red clover. The highest crude protein content (33.2%) was attributed to white clover. Those findings concluded the successful management of Kashmir rangelands in protected sites, resulting in high biomass yields along with the considerable nutritional value of grasses and legumes.

Transverse study of Eimeria spp. infection in broiler and layer chickens in central Kashmir.

The present study was carried out to isolate and identify various species of Eimeria and to study overall prevalence of coccidiosis in central Kashmir (Srinagar, Ganderbal and Budgam). A total of 45 outbreaks, 15 from each district, of coccidiosis in chicken were recorded over the period of two years. A total of 15, 15, 10 and 5 outbreaks were recorded in chicken of 2-3, 3-4, 4-5weeks of age and layers, respectively. The overall mortality in the flocks was 2.6%, with the highest mortality of 3.2% recorded in the age group of 3-4weeks. An overall prevalence of coccidiosis among the total necropsies was 10.63%. A total of seven different species of Eimeria were identified in broilers and layers namely E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. mitis, E. praecox and E. brunetti. Among these species, E. tenella (39.7%) was recorded with highest and E. brunetti (3.1%) with lowest prevalence in broilers, whereas, in case of layers E. necatrix (27.7%) recorded highest and E. mitis, E. praecox and E. brunetti (2.7%) recorded the lowest prevalence. Morphometrically, oocyst of Eimeria maxima (30.4 × 20.8μm) and Eimeria mitis (16.21 × 16.0μm) exhibited the largest and smallest sizes, respectively. Most of the Eimeria species had a sporulation time of 18h with highest in Eimeria maxima (30h) and lowest in E. praecox (12h).

Analysis of changes in land use and land cover in Central Kashmir of the Great Himalayas using geospatial technologies

Remote sensing data may identify changes in land use and land cover (LU/LC). Land cover changes include changing from one land cover category to another and changing conditions within a category. LU/LC change is an essential aspect of current environmental management techniques. It is vital for land conservation, sustainable development, and water resource management. The study's goal is to investigate changes in land use and land cover in Central Kashmir of the Great Himalayas. This study used LISS III 23.5 m resolution images between 2000 and 2017 to detect land cover change. Changes were identified using Arc GIS 10.4.1. This method identified seven land use/cover classes: water bodies, glaciers/snow; forests; agriculture; horticulture; wasteland/barren; and built-up/utility. Ground truthing was done to test the accuracy of the preprocessing and categorization of the images. This study found that in the previous 17 years, all land use classes in Central Kashmir have changed significantly. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used to better comprehend the consequences of physical changes. The study's findings can be used to design resource conservation measures. To protect unwanted LU/LC change in Central Kashmir, proper land management methods, integrated watershed management, and community engagement should be encouraged.

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Based Soil Erosion Susceptibility Mapping in Northwestern Himalayas: A Case Study of Central Kashmir Province

The Kashmir Valley is immensely susceptible to soil erosion due to its diverse topography and unstable geological formations in the Himalayan region. The present study helps in assessing the spatial distribution and prioritizing soil erosion zones in the Central Kashmir region covering the Sindh and Dachigam catchments. The study implemented the GIS-based analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted sum method (WSM) using datasets of precipitation, geological map, soil map, and satellite imagery and derived eleven factors (topographical derivatives, LULC, soil, drainage, rainfall, lithology, wetness index and greenness of an area). The ratings and weightage were proven to be unbiased and reliable based on the observed value of the consistency ratio (CR) (i.e., 0.07). The study depicts 41% of the total area to be extremely vulnerable to soil erosion. The slope varies from 0–62° with mean of 22.12°, indicating 467.99 km2 (26%) and 281.12 km2 (15%) of the area under high and very high susceptible zones, respectively. The NDVI and NDWI maps indicate soil erosion severity covering an area of 40% and 38%, respectively, in highly susceptible zones. High drainage density and curvature zones were observed in 18.33% and 22.64% of the study area, respectively. The study will assist in the planning and implementation of conservation measures.

Effect of Stone Crusher Dust on some Macro- and Micronutrients and Biochemical Parameters of some selected Tree Species in Central Kashmir (India)

Effect of Stone Crusher Dust on some Macro- and Micronutrients and Biochemical Parameters of some selected Tree Species in Central Kashmir (India)

Seroprevalence and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Central and North Kashmir, India

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a dreadful zoonotic neglected disease that affects public health globally. The infection is highly endemic in northern India (Kashmir valley). The present survey based study was done to know the seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis infection among residents of north and central Kashmir valley and to identify risk variables linked to this infection. In addition to collecting 462 serum samples (244 males and 218 females), a questionnaire was also filled out for each participant utilizing systematic random sampling from June to November 2019 in 16 villages and 6 districts. Using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, the samples were tested for immunoglobulin G. Of the 462 serum samples obtained, 33 (7.14 percent) were found to be positive. Results showed that age group, gender, contact with dogs, occupation, and literacy rate were significantly related with the rate of seroprevalence of cystic echinococcosis infection in Central and North Kashmir. Statistics showed that the observations were significant (P&lt; 0.05). Children, men, and those who were uneducated had considerably greater rates of seropositivity for this infection.

Seasonal impact on quantitative attributes and vegetation indices of bioresources present in horti-silvi-pasture system of Central Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Seasonal impact on quantitative attributes and vegetation indices of bioresources present in horti-silvi-pasture system of Central Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Socio Economic Determinants Along with Extension and Traditional Medicine Using Factors Among Livestock Farmers of Central Kashmir

Socio Economic Determinants Along with Extension and Traditional Medicine Using Factors Among Livestock Farmers of Central Kashmir