Central Hospital Benin Research Articles

Effectiveness of Single Fetal Membrane Sweeping in Reducing Elective Labor Induction for Postdate Pregnancies (38+0 to 40+6 Weeks): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Postdate pregnancy is characterized by a heightened risk for both maternal and perinatal complications. Owing to the risks, clinicians frequently turn to elective labor induction as a management strategy for postdate pregnancies. However, patients are increasingly informed and apprehensive about this approach and its associated risks. This has prompted a search for alternative management methods that may encourage spontaneous labor in pregnant women. One such approach is the use of fetal membrane sweeping, a method known to increase the likelihood of spontaneous labor onset. Yet, it remains unclear whether a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure can effectively reduce the need for elective labor induction in postdate pregnancies while minimizing risks to both the mother and fetus. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure conducted between 38+0 and 40+6 weeks of gestation in reducing the rate of elective labor induction among postdate pregnancies at Central Hospital Benin City, Nigeria. Secondary objectives included evaluating the impact of membrane sweeping on maternal and perinatal outcomes. This open-label superiority randomized controlled study was carried out from June 2020 to March 2021, following ethical approval from the Hospital Management Board (HMB). One hundred and forty eligible participants, without contraindications to vaginal delivery, were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group received a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure between 38+0 and 40+6 weeks of gestation, while the control group underwent vaginal examination only to assess the Bishop score. Participants weremonitored until delivery.Data analysis was performed. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The implementation of a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure effectively reduced the incidence of elective labor induction. Specifically, the membrane sweep group exhibited a significantly lower rate of elective labor induction compared to the control group (9.0% vs. 27.1%; p=0.0083). Moreover, a substantial proportion of the treatment group (91.4%) experienced spontaneous labor, while the control group reported a rate of 72.9%. Thedifference was statistically significant (p=0.0054). Notably, the control group exhibited a significantly longer mean time interval from recruitment to delivery (10.67±3.51 days) than the membrane sweeping group (3.64±4.123 days; p<0.05). Also, postdate women in the membrane sweep group were less likely to require cervical ripening with Foley's catheter than those in the control group (33.3% vs. 100%; RR: 0.33 (0.11-1.03); p=0.0057). Still, maternal satisfaction was significantly higher in the membrane-sweeping group (p<0.01). No significant differences were noted across the groups in maternal and neonatal outcomes. In low-risk term pregnancies, a single fetal membrane sweeping procedure is a superior alternative to no membrane sweeping in reducing the rate of elective labor induction for postdate pregnancies and in shortening the duration of term pregnancy.

Perception of Donor Breast Milk and Determinants of Its Acceptability amongst Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Secondary Facility in South-South Nigeria

Introduction: In Nigeria particularly, the percentage of infants exclusively breastfed is quiet low. Similarly, there is no human breast milk bank in the whole of West African Sub-region. Methodology: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted amongst 200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Central Hospital Benin. Perception (knowledge and acceptance) of donor breast milk amongst these women were assessed using pre-tested questionnaires. Results: Nearly half (45.5 %,) of the mothers were between the ages of 30-39 years. Two-thirds of the mothers (67%) also were not aware of donor breast milk. More than half of the mothers (56%) were willing to donate breast milk. Majority (74.4%) of the mothers were unwilling to accept donor breast milk.

Pattern Of Seminal Fluid Parameters And Their Clinical Correlates Amongst Infertile Men In The Niger-Delta Region Of Nigeria

Background: Infertility is a foremost reproductive health problem globally, with sub-Saharan Africa nations most affected. The male contributions to this burden have not been properly documented in this environmentMethods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Central Hospital Benin City, involving 355 male partners of women with infertility. Specific clinical information was extracted and two semen analyses were conducted two weeks apart.Results: The mean duration of infertility was 4.5 years (SD 2.17), and secondary infertility was the commonest (82.3%). Over half (59.7%) were of low socioeconomic status. Over two-thirds (66.5%) had seminal fluid abnormality; and Oligospermia was thecommonest (22.8%). About two-fifth took alcohol regularly (43.9%), had previous history of urethral discharge (39.4%), or of testicular pain (42.8%). About One-fifth had a past history of mumps-orchitis (20.3%), or smoked cigarette (22.3%). Less than a tenth had varicocele (8.8%), or undescended testes (8.5%); while more than one-tenth reported use of Cimetidine (12.4%), herniorrhaphy (14.7%), scrotal surgery (15.8%), or sexual dysfunction (14.6%). There were significantly more participants with sexual dysfunction, herniorrhaphy, scrotal surgery, undescended testes; mumps orchitis; testicular pains; varicocele; history of purulent urethral discharge; tobacco smoking; alcohol consumption; and use of Cimetidine who have abnormal seminal fluid parameters. However on multivariate logistic regression analysis, history of urethral discharge, undescended testes, and Cimetidine use had negativecorrelation with abnormal semen parameters.Conclusion: The prevalence of male factor infertility in our setting was high with significant association between male infertility and wide range of clinical and psychosocial problems.

PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B ANTIBODY AND CO-INFECTION WITH MALARIA PARASITE AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING CENTAL HOSPITALBENIN CITY, EDO STATE

In Africa, both malaria and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are common infections, although concurrent infections of these two human pathogens are likely to occur, knowledge about their prevalence and potential significance is poor. In Nigeria, malaria is more commonly reported and appears to be more prevalent than hepatitis. A cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B antibody and co infection with malaria parasite among the general population attending Central hospital Benin City, Edo state. The Hepatitis B Virus was determined using hepatitis B strip test kit (acumen diagnostic test) while the Plasmodium was examined using microscopy. A total of 150 persons were examined, 6(4%) tested positive to Hepatitis B virus antibody. However the finding shows that malaria was high with prevalence of 108 (72%) of the total test population examined. A co-infection of 6(5.6%) was associated with Hepatitis B and malaria in the study. Age related prevalence showed that the age range 21-25 had the most attendance of 40 and a prevalence of 30 (75%) malaria cases and 2 (5%) for hepatitis B with P value &gt;0.05. Risk factors related prevalence showed that out of 92 patients that take drugs on self-medication 69 (75%) had malaria and 5(5.4%) had hepatitis B antibody. Also, there was no prevalence of Hepatitis B antibodies among those that had tattoo, smokes, transfused with blood and had multiple sex partners. Out of 62 pregnant women examined, 3 (4.8%) had hepatitis B and 42 (67.7%) had malaria parasite. In conclusion this study shows that the relationship of co-infection of Hepatitis B virus and malaria parasite infections among the study population was not significant as P-value was greater than 0.05. Health organizations should organize awareness programs for hepatitis B and its vaccination and government should create good drainage systems that would help reduce flood and pools of water from our surroundings.&#x0D;

Characterisation of the Prevailing Multidrug Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from Surgical Wound Using 16S rRNA Sequencing Technique.

BackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is prevalent in hospital-acquired surgical wound infections. It exhibits both innate and acquired resistance to a broad range of antimicrobials and remains a principal problem in clinical practice.MethodsIn total, 284 sterile surgical wound swabs (142 each) were collected from two government hospitals: Central Hospital Benin (CHB) and University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in Benin City, Nigeria. Pseudomonas spp. isolated from both hospitals were screened with eight different antibiotics by way of disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 34 multiple drug-resistant isolates was carried out using genus-specific primer set on extracted genomic DNA for the identification of Pseudomonas spp. and substituent 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the prevailing strains in the two locations.ResultsSixty-two Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from the two locations (27 isolates from CHB and 35 isolates from the UBTH). Surgical wound infections screened with regularly used antibiotics revealed that 17 (62.9%) isolates from CHB and 20 (57.1%) isolates from UBTH were multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas spp. PCR identification using Pseudomonas spp. specific primer showed that 16 (94.1%) isolates from CHB and 18 (90%) isolates from UBTH were confirmed. The 16S DNA sequencing revealed that P. aeruginosa strain H25883 was dominant in both locations.ConclusionHigh antibiotic resistance among P. aeruginosa isolates was established in our study. PCR technique revealed a more reliable method of bacterial identification. H25883 strain of P. aeruginosa is the prevalent strain in both locations and it should be given attention in nosocomial surgical wound infections.

Level of awareness, knowledge and perception on COVID-19 among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Central Hospital Benin City, Edo state

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which affects mainly the respiratory system and was first discovered during an outbreak in Wuhan community in China December 2019. The outbreak was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) March, 11th 2020 and a worldwide public health response has been engaged to address the impact. A descriptive cross sectional survey was utilized. A self- administered questionnaire on awareness, knowledge and perception of COVID-19 infection was administered to a total 420 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in central Hospital Benin City for Data collection. Four hundred and fourteen (98.6%) of the respondents were aware of COVID-19 and 274 (66.2%) indicated television as their source of information. One hundred (24.2%) indicated radio while 92 (22.2%) implicated friends. One hundred and ninety seven (46.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19 while 68 (16.2%) had poor knowledge. There was a high level of awareness of COVID-19 among the pregnant women attending Antenatal clinic in central hospital Benin City and majority of them got their information from the television.

Level of Practice of Safety Precautions against COVID 19 among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal clinics in Central Hospital Benin, Benin City in Nigeria

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has assumed a global health concern since the first case was recorded in Wuhan community China in December 2019. The objective of this paper is to report the level of practice of safety precautions against COVID 19 among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinics in Central Hospital Benin, Benin City in Nigeria. A self- administered questionnaire on the level of practice of safety precautions against covid19 infection was administered to a total of 420 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in central Hospital Benin City for Data collection. The results showed that two hundred and four (48.6%) of the respondents reported that they have recently avoided crowded places. Three hundred and seventy two (88.6%) reported recently wearing mask whenever they left home. Three hundred and twenty four (77.1%) of the respondents had good practice of safety precautions against COVID19. The study showed a good practice of safety precautions against COVID19 and this was influenced by the women’s level of education, occupation and knowledge of COVID-19. However, there is still the need to improve the knowledge of the women attending antenatal clinic regarding COVID-19 through health education seminars. Also up scaling the practice of safety precautions could be done through such health education seminars.&#x0D; Keywords: Pregnant women, Practice, Safety precaution, covid-19

Pattern and characterization of headache among adult patients visiting the neurology clinic in Benin City Nigeria

Context: Headache is one of the commonest reasons for neurology clinic consultation worldwide, but there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the pattern and characteristics of headache in parts of the southern region of Nigeria.Objectives: This study aims to describe the pattern and characteristics of headaches among adult patients attending a neurology clinic.Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done at the neurology clinic, Central Hospital Benin City. Adults with headache complaints were consecutively recruited using a structured questionnaire. Demographics of participants, headache characteristics, investigations and treatment were captured, while SPSS version 21 was used for data analysisResults: During the 7-month study period (February to September 2018), three hundred and sixty-eight patients attended the neurology clinic, of which one hundred and ten were recruited (29.9%, 110/368).The mean age of participants was 52.0(16.5) yrs. Headache was commoner in the female (69.1%) than the male (30.9%) participants. About half of the patients had 1-5 episodes of headaches in the previous six months, with majority of them attributing stress (47.3%), noise (31.8%), fatigue (28.2%) and lack of sleep (20.0%) as the main triggers of their headache. Reduced work productivity was observed in 52% of respondents, while 50.2% of participants self-treated themselves with the majority (64.5%), of them taking acetaminophen for their headacheConclusion: There is the need for a greater public awareness on headache to stem the self-treatment behavior that was observed, which would enable a more holistic care of the headache condition.

Medical coma in a secondary health centre in Benin City, Nigeria: A 3-year review

Background: Medical coma is an emergency requiring prompt decision and immediate intervention. Knowledge of the commoner causes of coma would improve the treatment outcome. Aim: The aim of our study was to describe the frequency and pattern of medical coma in a secondary health center in Benin City, Nigeria. Methods: It was a retrospective review of the medical records of all comatose adult patients, admitted between January 2012 and December 2016 at the Central Hospital Benin. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the medical records of each patient. Data was analyzed using statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: Ninety patients presented in coma within the 3-year period under review and, this constituted 1.7% of all medical admissions. There were 49 (54.4%) males and 41 (45.6%) females with a mean age of 64.6 ±17.0 years. The Glasgow coma score ranged from 3 – 8. The commonest cause of coma was stroke (57.9%), followed by metabolic and toxic causes (23.3%) and central nervous system infections (11.1%). The main presenting complains were sudden collapse (85.6%) and fever (31.6%). The most predisposing co-morbid conditions were hypertension (71.1%) and diabetes mellitus (24.4%). Conclusion: Stroke was the most frequent cause of coma. With the high mortality associated with the comatose state, it is hoped that preventive measures to identify and treat risk factors for stroke be vigorously pursued.

Attitude of a Discrete Group of Nigerian Male Doctors Towards Prostate Cancer Screening

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English

This study seeks to assess midwives’ knowledge and practice of universal precautions in Central Hospital, Benin City. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was all registered midwives in Central Hospital Benin City. A total number of 180 respondents were drawn from the total population using purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire containing 29 items was designed and developed. It was divided into 3 sections; section A to collect Socio-Demographic Data, section B to ascertain the level of Knowledge of Universal Precautions among midwives under study and section C designed to collect information about the Practice of Universal Precautions among the midwives under study. Data was scrutinized by experts to ensure face and content validity. Test re- test was used for reliability test which yielded 0.85 h. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows 14.0 was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, percentages, Pearson product moment correlation was used. Level of significance was set at 5% (0.05) such that significant associations were established when p < 0.05. The study revealed that knowledge of universal precautions amongst midwives and their practices of universal precautions are significantly high, because more than half of the midwives in the study area practices universal precautions while discharging their official duties. Findings also showed that there is significant association between knowledge of universal precautions and practice among midwives. If midwives continue to adhere strictly to universal precautions principles, then there will be less contamination of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B as well as other blood infections. Key words: Knowledge, practice, universal precautions, midwives.

Obstetric outcomes of human herpes virus-2 infection among pregnant women in Benin, Nigeria.

This study investigated the obstetric outcomes of herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) infection among pregnant women. In this prospective cohort study, a total of 674 consenting pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital and Central Hospital Benin were recruited between November 2011 and December, 2012. The women were screened for HSV-1, and HSV-2 using glycoprotein-G-based type-specific Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay on archived blood samples; and were followed up to the delivery period and postnatal clinic. The HSV-2-seronegative participants underwent second blood sampling for HSV-2 IgG and IgM assay during the delivery period. The patients were thus categorized into "HSV-2 seropositive", "HSV-2-seronegative," and "incident HSV-2 infection" cohorts. The pregnancy outcomes were assessed by review of hospital records. Data analysis was with SPSS version 16 software. Of 674 pregnant women surveyed, 312 (46.3%) were HSV-2 seropositive; while 362 (56.7%) were HSV-2 seronegative. Comparing the "HSV-2 seropositive" and "HSV-seronegative" groups, there were no significant differences in occurrence of low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirth events (P=0.96; 0.95; 1.0; and 0.77, respectively). Comparing the "incident HSV-2 infection" with the "HSV-2 seronegative" groups, the relative risks of occurrence of LBW deliveries, preterm deliveries, and stillbirths were 12.6, 25.1, and 4.5, respectively. First episode HSV-2 infection among pregnant women in Benin, Nigeria is associated with an increased risk of occurrence of spontaneous abortion, LBW delivery, stillbirths, and preterm delivery.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients attending tertiary and secondary health facilities in Benin City Nigeria

The HIV/AIDS pandemic has changed the prevalence of some infectious diseases. Hepatitis B is a very important potentially lethal and presently treatable infection which affects the course of HIV disease. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patents undergoing treatment in two major hospitals in Edo state over a 12 month period. All HIV infected persons aged 15 years and above of either gender seen between 1st January and 31st December 2002 in the University of Benin Teaching hospital and central Hospital Benin City were included in this study. A total of 204 HIV infected patients [81males, 123 females] seen over this period were screened for HbsAg. HIV infection was confirmed using the double ELISA technique. One hundred and sixty six [66 males and 100 females] age and sex matched HIV negative patients recruited from the general outpatients clinic of those hospitals formed the control group. The mean age of HIV infected patients was 37.14 ±10.94 with a range of 15-70. The two groups compared well as regards age, sex, occupation and social class. However, widows has significantly higher prevalence amongst the HIV patients. Seventy one percent [71%] of the HIV patients were symptomatic. The prevalence of HBV amongst the HIV infected patients was 10.75% as compared to 7.2% in the control [P> 0.05]. This was however not statistically significant. This study showed that though the prevalence of Hepatitis B infection is higher in HIV infected patients, this difference is however, not statistically significant from that in HIV negative controls. Keywords : Hepatitis B infection, HIV infection, Benin City. Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research Vol. 5 (1&2) 2007: pp. 19-25