Central Committee Research Articles

Collectivisation in Lithuania 1947–1952: Decisions and Control by the CC of the All-Union CP

Referring to documents from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and other sources, the article aims to reveal little-known aspects of the collectivisation policy of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Central Committee and the Communist Party of Lithuania (Bolsheviks) Central Committee in Lithuania, showing the issues that have received constant attention and control from the ACP(B) CC, the decisions taken and the cooperation with the CPL(B) CC.

A role played by the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Central Committee Bureau for Lithuania in suppressing resistance of partisans (November 1944–March 1947)

By a decision of the Organisational Bureau of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Central Committee, Mikhail Suslov was dismissed as chairman of the ACP(B) CC Bureau for Lithuanian Affairs and appointed a member of the Organisational Bureau, which had an impact on changes in the distribution of power within the Communist Party of Lithuania and in its relations with Moscow. The changes in the composition of the Bureau for Lithuanian Affairs in the summer of 1946 affected the organisation of the fight against the guerilla movement, which was gradually taken over by the professional security officers of the centre.

A role played by the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Central Committee Bureau for Lithuania in suppressing resistance of partisans (November 1944–March 1947)

The article examines the role of one of the main administrative institutions of the Soviet occupation, the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Central Committee Bureau for Lithuanian Affairs, in organising the suppression of the anti-Soviet resistance in 1944– 1947. The research attempts to reveal how the fight against the resistance was managed, what solutions were proposed by the Moscow emissaries, what was their influence in suppressing the resistance, and what was the role of the ACP(B) CC Bureau for Lithuanian Affairs within the overall system of repression.

Peculiarities of conducting civil proceedings in cases of establishing the fact of a man and a woman living in the same family without registering a marriage and determining an additional term for accepting inheritance during martial law

Living in the same family of a woman and a man without marriage is not the basis for their rights and obligations as spouses. Over time, couples living in a de facto marriage relationship have various issues and problems that need to be solved, in particular, the succession of a man and a woman who lived in a civil marriage. In order to exercise his right to inheritance, the spouse who survived the other in a civil marriage must apply to the court to establish the fact that a man and a woman live in the same family without registering the marriage. These applications are considered in the order of separate or lawsuit proceedings, depending on the presence or absence of a legal dispute. Thus, in the case of an appeal to the court with a statement in the order of a separate proceeding, the judge refuses to open a separate proceeding in the case, if a dispute on the right can be seen from the statement to establish the above-mentioned fact, and if a dispute on the right is revealed during the consideration of the case, – leaves application without consideration. The CPC of Ukraine establishes requirements for the form and content of the above-mentioned application in the order of a separate proceeding, namely in Art. 318 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine and in the procedure of legal proceedings – Art. 175, 177 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. Judicial practice has determined which evidence is appropriate and admissible for establishing such a fact. For the most part, such evidence is evidence of joint residence, running a joint household, the parties having a joint budget, spending jointly, purchasing property in the interests of the family, the existence of mutual marital rights and obligations between the parties, and other evidence. After receiving a court decision establishing the fact that a man and a woman live in the same family without registering a marriage, the heir applies to the notary with an application for acceptance of inheritance, however, in case of missing the deadline for submitting such an application, he has the right to renew the deadline for acceptance of inheritance in court. The specified issue is considered in the procedure of legal proceedings with mandatory clarification of the validity of the reasons for missing the deadline for accepting the inheritance and the presence or absence of other heirs. The legal regime of martial law does not stop the deadlines for submitting an application for acceptance of inheritance. The heir must apply to the Central Committee of Ukraine within a period of six months from the day of the opening of the inheritance with an application for acceptance of the inheritance, and in case of missing such a period, renew it in court.

Facilitators and challenges of implementing a digital patient education programme for rheumatoid arthritis into clinical practice

BackgroundThe integration of telehealth interventions into clinical practice is frequently delayed, hindering the full adoption. Previously, we developed a digital patient education (PE) programme for self-management in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While the programme design considered crucial factors to ensure the likelihood of success in clinical practice, there is a need for a systematic evaluation of implementation perspectives. The purpose of this study was to explore perspectives crucial to implementation of a digital PE programme in clinical practice.MethodsThe non-adoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread and sustainability (NASSS) framework was used to evaluate the successes and challenges of implementing the digital PE programme. We included a data set consisting of qualitative focus group discussions involving study nurses, rheumatologists, and leaders from rheumatology departments. Data analysis was guided by a deductive content analysis approach. Further we included data from earlier studies pertaining to the programme’s implementation, comprising the programme development process, a randomized controlled trial evaluating the programme’s effectiveness, and a qualitative study exploring patients’ perspectives of the programme.ResultsFacilitators and challenges of importance to implementation of digital PE were identified. While a wide range of patients could benefit from using digital PE, future implementation should aim for an even broader group than those studied. Both patients and healthcare providers embraced the technology, and the fact that it did not require specific technical skills enhances its potential for success. However, offering digital PE should be based on individual assessments, and expanding its use will require organizational adjustments. An adaptable structure is needed to accommodate unforeseen care needs that may arise following the use of digital PE at home. There was indication of some reluctance among healthcare providers toward the programme shown by concerns about changing roles, which could impact the adoption of the program.ConclusionsThe design and ease of use of the technology, the program’s effectiveness, its availability, and the potential to release healthcare resources may encourage the implementation of digital patient education. Challenges associated with implementing this mode of care pertains to the condition and the patient population, user adoption of the technology, and the organization of patient education.Trial registrationThe study is registered by the Central Denmark Region Scientific Committee (no. 1-16-02-52-19).

Research on the optimization of investment structure of China's high-tech industries under the new development model of dual circulation

On May 14, 2021, at the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping first proposed the concept of "dual circulation", emphasizing the construction of a new development pattern in which domestic and international dual circulations promote each other. Capital circulation is the primary link in opening up the circulation, and high-tech industries are the key areas in this new development pattern. In this context, it is of great significance and value to study the optimization of the investment structure of high-tech industries. This study takes the new dual circulation model as the starting point and conducts an in-depth analysis of high-tech industries from the perspective of investment structure optimization. By applying theories such as capital circulation, dynamic comparative advantage, and investment portfolio, the relationship between China's current economic development status and dual circulation is explained. At the same time, the development status of China's high-tech industries is compared with that of foreign high-tech industries, and the advantages, gaps, and problems between China's high-tech industries and developed countries are analyzed. The research plan explores the rationality of the investment structure of high-tech industries in the internal circulation, external circulation, and dual circulation from multiple perspectives such as industrial growth, investment efficiency, industrial upgrading, and global value chain. This will provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the investment structure of high-tech industries and help China achieve high-quality development under the new development pattern.

Digital Intelligence Drives the High-Quality Development of the Healthcare Service System: Development Mechanisms and Implementation Pathway

The rapid development of digital intelligence technologies is providing a powerful boost to the high-quality development of the healthcare system. Considering the current state of our healthcare services and guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping's insights on new quality productive forces and the directives from Third Plenary Session of Communist Party of China's 20th Central Committee, the high-quality development of the healthcare service system should focus on digital intelligence technologies such as cloud computing, big data, privacy computing, blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), mobile computing, and AI. The key measures should include the optimization of production factors, services, and governance. Emphasis should be placed on enhancing the efficient and intensive development of the development model, ensuring the high-quality and continuous integration of the supply model, and transitioning to scientific and modern management methods. Herein, we analyzed the "factor optimization-service optimization-governance optimization" development mechanism driven by digital intelligence and proposed corresponding implementation pathways, intending to provide references for establishing a high-quality and efficient healthcare service system with Chinese characteristics.

Design of TOLERANT: phase I/II safety assessment of intranodal administration of HSP70/mB29a self-peptide antigen-loaded autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

IntroductionIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), immunosuppressive therapies may achieve symptomatic relief, but do not induce long-term, drug-free remission. Meanwhile, the lifelong use of immunosuppressive drugs confers increased risk for malignancy and...

From Anxiety to Aesthetics: "Rank Horror: An International Symposium".

This report on the proceedings of the "Rank Horror" symposium, convened in May 2024 to reconsider Otto Rank's life, work, and enduring contributions to psychoanalytic theory and practice, includes a brief historical survey of Rank's relationship to Sigmund Freud and other original members of the International Psychoanalytic Association's Central Committee, and an account of the symposium's wider intellectual and political context. It outlines the reasons for returning to Rank now, and a summary of the papers presented. Particular focus is afforded to Rank's 1924 book, The Trauma of Birth.

295. SAFETY OF SURVEILLANCE GASTROSCOPY AND ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE OESOPHAGUS AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY: RESULTS FROM THE SANO COHORT

Abstract Background An organ sparing strategy has been proposed for patients with oesophageal cancer and a clinically complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). This active surveillance strategy involves (repeated) oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) with bite-on-bite biopsies and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). The preSANO trial and preliminary results of the SANO trial concluded that these procedures are safe to identify those with a clinically complete response. However, the safety of these procedures beyond that timeframe remains unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the safety of endoscopic procedures after nCRT, extending beyond three months. Methods This is a retrospective multicentre cohort study. All patients who participated in the pre-SANO and SANO studies were included. All were treated with CROSS nCRT for oesophageal cancer and underwent (repeated) endoscopic response evaluations (OGD with bite-on-bite biopsies and/or EUS with fine needle aspiration, as indicated). Primary outcome was serious adverse events (SAE) as defined by Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO) associated with endoscopic procedures which include (but are not limited to) bleeding, infection and perforation. Secondary outcome included mechanical injury. Results A total of 919 patients underwent at least one endoscopic response evaluation. Some 2355 endoscopic procedures (61% OGD with EUS combined, 33% OGD and 6% EUS) were performed. Of these, 819 (35%) were performed more than three months after nCRT. SAEs were reported for five endoscopic procedures (0.2%) and included three cases of gastrointestinal bleeding after OGD with biopsies and two cases with infection secondary to the endoscopic procedures. No significant difference in SAEs was found between the procedures conducted before and more than three months after nCRT (2 vs. 3, OR 2.8, 95% CI, 0.3 – 33.7, P = 0.35). Conclusion OGD with biopsies and EUS are both procedures which can be safely performed after nCRT during an active surveillance strategy.

THE STORY “ZINDAN” BY GAYAZ ISKHAKI IN THE LITERARY CONTEXT OF THE EPOCH

The classic of Tatar literature Gayaz Iskhaki was born in Kutlushkino (Yaushirma) village of Chistopolsky district in the family of a famous mullah who engaged in education and charity. First, he received knowledge, love for books and reading from parents and maternal grandmother and later in the day school of the village. He continued his studies in a famous in the Muslim world of Russia and the countries of the East madrasah of Zakir Kamalov, which not only produced future imams, hazrats, but also teachers for other madrasahs. This period of his life spent in Chistopolsky district laid the foundation for the worldview of the future writer and thinker and played an important role in shaping the personality of G. Ishaki. It was there, in the Chistopolsky prison, that the autobiographical novel "Zindan" was written, which testifies to his passion for revolutionary ideas and reflects the real facts from the life of the Chistopolsky prison. The autobiographical work "Zindan" is based on real events and provided with various historical and cultural facts and details from the literary life of the epoch. The text reflects the perception of current events by the writer who was the witness and an active participant in them. The novel "Zindan" was published in a separate edition in Kazan in 1907. Due to the humanity of the censor N.F. Katanov, the book was not confiscated and criminal prosecution against the author was not initiated. The interest of the Central Committee of Foreign Censorship of St. Petersburg manifested in 1908 in relation to the work of G. Iskhaki led to a thorough examination of the content of "Zindan" by another member of the Kazan Provisional Committee for Press Affairs N.I. Ashmarin in order to search for places with signs of "crimes". His review led to the decision of the Committee to seize Iskhaki's pamphlet "Zindan" because of the illegal content, bringing the author to criminal responsibility under the article 129 of the Criminal Code. The author of the article summarized the material on the period from the biography of G. Iskhaki spent in Chistopolsky district and revealed the great work of the scientific community of Tatarstan to return its literary heritage to the history of Tatar literature of the twentieth century. The interpretation of the story "Zindan" by various literary critics in the historical, cultural and literary context of the epoch showed that the story "Zindan" in the form of a prison chronicle introduced new ideological and thematic tones into Tatar literature and gave impetus to the rapid development of the autobiographical genre in Tatar literature being of high value as a historical source.

On the Historical Lessons of Reform and Opening-Up

The reform and opening-up initiative has left us with many valuable historical lessons. This paper mainly discusses the historical background of reform and opening-up, Deng Xiaoping Theory, historical lessons, and explores the reform and opening-up in the new era, in light of the decisions made at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. Comprehensive deepening of reform in the new era must adhere to the principle of upholding the Party's overall leadership and the people-centered approach. While focusing on promoting economic system reform, it is essential to coordinate and plan reforms in other fields to fully advance the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization.

Exploring genesis and praxis of restorative justice in Saskatchewan, Canada

ABSTRACT This study explores the growth and development of restorative justice in Saskatchewan. With key informant interviews and surveys, this study finds that government officials and the community played an important role in the growth of restorative justice (RJ) in Saskatchewan. The data are analyzed with NVivo 10 software. This study finds multiple factors contributing to the growth and development of restorative justice in Saskatchewan. Dissatisfaction with the current criminal justice system, increased awareness of restorative justice, and faith-based organizations such as the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC), Indigenous-led justice organizations and funding support from both provincial and federal governments facilitated the growth of RJ in SK. This study captures a major discussion of government in restorative justice. This study ends with sharing some limitations and areas for future research.

The impact of hygienic living conditions on the differentiation of male body height at the beginning of the twentieth century in the USSR

BackgroundThe positive changes in hygienic living conditions are commonly believed to explain secular changes in body height and the age of maturity. However, it is difficult to estimate the separate impacts of these factors due to the lack of social and economic data and variations in the sources of information.We hypothesized that final male body height could be associated with various socioeconomic indicators, such as the development of the medical care system, the quality of nutrition, and the level of sanitary and hygienic conditions. Moreover, we hypothesized that male body height could be associated with the level of morbidity in the region during the time of conscript childhood (from 1 to 7 years old).Materials and methodsWe used two main sources of information in the analyses. The first is the data from the Statistical Reference Book published by the Central Statistical Committee in 1929. The second is the annual data from the Statistical Reference Book published in the Russian Empire. Since the conscripts were born between 1906 and 1909, we used datasets from 1910 to 1913. To analyze the data, we used a method of analyzing interacting variables called St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA).ResultsOur analyses revealed direct associations between the morbidity of some diseases and male body height and other anthropometric parameters.ConclusionsThere are associations between conscript final body height and the morbidity of influenza, dysentery and some venereal diseases, such as chancroid and syphilis. There were no associations between conscript final body height and the level of morbidity during childhood. However, other final parameters, such as BMI, weight, and chest circumference, could be associated with the morbidity of malaria, scabies, scurvy, and scarlet fever during childhood. The prevalence of these diseases could be strongly connected with unfavorable living conditions. The results are similar for both urban and rural areas.

A phase 2 study of mobocertinib as first-line treatment in Japanese patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations.

Mobocertinib is a novel, synthetic, orally administered tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits many activated forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including those containing exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of mobocertinib in Japanese patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR ex20ins mutations. This was a phase 2, open-label study. Patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR ex20ins mutations who had not had previous systemic treatment received mobocertinib 160 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was the confirmed objective response rate. A planned interim analysis was completed for the first 14 patients with a centrally confirmed EGFR ex20ins mutation, with enrollment stopped if the number of patients with an objective response was five or fewer. In total, 33 patients were enrolled into the study (63.6% women; median age: 66 years). At the interim analysis, the objective response rate evaluated by a central independent review committee was 28.6% (4/14, 90% confidence interval: 10.4-54.0); therefore, enrollment was stopped for futility. In the full analysis set, the objective response rate was 18.2% (6/33, 95% confidence interval: 7.0-35.5); of the six responders, one patient (3.0%) had a complete response and five patients (15.2%) had partial responses. The most common treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea, paronychia, stomatitis, and nausea. Although study enrollment was terminated early owing to futility, our results showed modest activity of mobocertinib in Japanese patients with NSCLC with EGFR ex20ins mutations with no additional safety concerns.

Unwilling allies: the USSR, the Communist Party of Argentina, and the military dictatorship in Argentina, 1976–1983

The author of this article aims to explore the complex and contradictory relationship between the Communist Party of Argentina, the Soviet Union, and the military regime in Argentina between 1976 and 1983. It was a period of right-wing military dictatorship domination in the region, characterised by outright terrorist policies against left-wing forces, mass violations of human rights, which put the International Communist Movement in an ambiguous position due to the USSR’s close cooperation with the Argentine military junta. A unique situation of mutual interest between Soviet foreign policy and the military dictatorship developed in the USSR’s relations with the military regime in Argentina. The most important factor in this contradictory situation was the position of the Communist Party of Argentina, supported by the CPSU, on co-operation with a regime that other communist parties and leftist forces qualified as fascist, ultra-reactionary, and anti-communist. The USSR found moral and political justification for its cooperation with the Argentine regime in the policies of local communists who supported the regime, justifying its repression of leftist radical movements, especially the Montoneros. The Argentine Communist Party justified its policy by referring to the junta’s growing cooperation with the USSR. The article explores the reasons for this policy of the Communist Party, which caused tension in the international communist movement and the subsequent isolation of the Argentinian Communist Party. The specific political interests of the USSR were supported by the Argentine communists, who, in turn, saw in them a guarantee of their interests in the conditions of the harsh right-wing military regime in the country. For the first time in historiography, this paper, drawing on records from the archive of the CPSU Central Committee, documents the complex process of reconciling the USSR’s economic and political interests in Argentina during this difficult period of the Cold War.

CCUS source-sink matching model based on sink well placement optimization

Realizing the dual-carbon target is a major strategic plan made by the Party Central Committee and a solemn commitment to address climate change of global significance. Source-sink matching technology in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is crucial to achieving the dual-carbon target. However, most previous studies constructed source-sink matching models based on sink-fixed sequestration potential, making it difficult to accurately assess the potential of sequestration sites and thus affect the source-sink matching scheme. Therefore, a dynamic storage potential assessment model has been established which can quickly assess the injection capacity of sinks under different well deployment schemes and then a source-sink matching model based on the overall optimization of sink deployment schemes has been constructed by combining the dynamic storage potential assessment model. The model considers the source matching problem as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem and obtains the computational results of the dynamic storage potential assessment model to realize the correct matching and simultaneous optimization of the source-sink pipeline network layout and the sink-well deployment scheme. With the proposed model, source-sink matching cases for national-level and project-level have been analyzed. It has been shown that the dynamic storage potential assessment model and the combined method improve the accuracy of the source-sink matching model in the form of MILP while minimizing the total cost and additional computations.

The Third Plenum of the CCP Central Committee: Factors of Instability and Development Prospects

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee (June 15–18) was one of the central events in China's political life in 2024. The delay for more than six months in holding the plenum increased the sense of growing instability in China's development, caused by the slow economic recovery after the pandemic, as well as the high-profile resignations of Foreign Minister Qin Gang and Defense Minister Liu Shangfu. The technical postponement of the plenum disrupted the procedure for making the most important state decisions typical for the Soviet-type republics. The timing and agenda of the plenum reaffirmed the seriousness of the challenges faced by the Communist Party leadership in the economy and on the international arena. The Communist Party's search for a new model and a new theoretical concept of development is complicated by the need to take into account not only the constantly worsening international situation, the economic difficulties and socio-economic problems, but also the emergence of new productive forces and changes in the mode of production caused by the use of artificial intelligence, digital technologies, etc. The process of searching for new theoretical foundations continued at the plenum, the Decision of which formulated the main provisions for the development of China until 2029. Special attention was paid to the development of innovations, fundamental research, and the development of international cooperation in science and education in order to maintain high economic growth rates. Noticeably less attention was paid to solving social problems and social justice. An important direction of intra-party life was the continuing weakening of the role of the military in the leadership of the party and the political system of the PRC.

The Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress: Outcomes of China's Legislative Development in 2023

The regular (second) session of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC), held in March 2024, summarized the key outcomes of China's socio-economic and legislative development in the second year following the 20th CPC National Congress (October 2022). According to established tradition, the third plenum of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC should have been held on the eve of the parliamentary session, with its decisions typically focusing on the country's economic development. In turn, the decisions of the NPC are based on the work of the plenum, often taking the form of laws. However, in 2024, although the plenum did not take place, the NPC session proceeded as scheduled, with no changes to its working agenda. In the report of the State Council’s Premier, it was noted that China's GDP growth reached 5.2 %, one of the highest figures among both developing and developed countries. In the legislative sphere, in 2023, the Chinese parliament, represented by the Standing Committee of the NPC, passed a number of important laws for the country's legal system, and several existing laws were amended. Of particular note are the Law on Foreign Relations, which outlines the key principles of China's foreign policy, and the Law on the Immunity of Foreign States, which replaced the previously existing principle of "absolute immunity" with "limited immunity." In the fight against corruption, significant changes were made through the 12th amendments to the Criminal Law of the PRC. Additionally, legislative decisions focused on developing a mechanism to counter growing challenges and threats to Chinese statehood, finding adequate responses to sanction policies, implementing measures to create a stable financial and banking system, and strengthening the military amid rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea.

Formation of the Youth Union (Komsomol) in Kyrgyzstan in the 10-20s of the XX Century

On the initiative of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), in July 1918, the Organizing Bureau was created to convene a youth congress. On October 29, 1918, the First Congress of the All-Russian Congress of Workers’ Peasant Youth Unions opened in Moscow. He discussed reports from the field, approved the Charter and the main theses of the Komsomol Program. In the theses, emphasizing the solidarity of the Russian Communist Youth Union (RCYU) and the RCP(b), the congress formulated the goals of the Komsomol: active participation in the propaganda of the idea of ​​communism, the involvement of worker and peasant youth in active Soviet construction; determined the forms and methods of cultural and educational work among young people, etc.