Central Category Research Articles

Coordination and planning: central categories in interagency relationships

The article reflects, based on a literature review and document analysis, on the coordination and planning categories as central to interagency relations. The study results indicate that cooperation is the most basic level in this type of relationship, given its informality and being based on personal and little institutionalized relationships. Coordination, on the other hand, would be the improvement of cooperation through elaborate arrangements, when agencies would consider the objectives, visions, purposes and desired end states of the other agency in the planning. The second category was worked from theorists and professionals of the interagency environment, who highlighted the importance of relationships to materialize through a planning process that produces an intelligible plan and that increases the chances of success of operations. We conclude that the full interagency relationship effectively materializes when it occurs through joint planning with the participation of all agencies involved in solving the problem.

Политические режимы и режимные изменения в пене популистской волны

The article studies populist regimes, their relationship with authoritarianism and democracy and modes of their transformation. First, the approaches to conceptualizing populism are critically analyzed; second, the concepts are systematized through the maneuvering on the ladder of abstraction; third, the ways of classifying populist regimes are studied, and fourth, the influence of populism on political regime change is assessed. The authors made an attempt of radial categorization of populism having distinguished its central and peripheral features. On the basis of the minimalist definition of populism by C. Mudde “the idea” revealing itself in the antiestablishment and will of the people discourse, was taken as a central category. Such approach allowed to distinguish three species of populism including ideational, personalist and charismatic, thus making the categorization applicable for comparative research. The conceptualization of populist regimes was reviewed. It is noted that populist regime is rarely conceptualized as a separate type of political regime and is more often associated with personalist regime or as a sub-type of democratic regime. The further development of the B.G. Peters and J. Pierre’s approach led to conclude that populism is a regime modification, inherent in all types if political regimes. Democratic and hybrid regimes are more inclined to such regime modification, that is why the populist regimes evolve multidirectionally. The study concludes that the establishment of populist regime in polities at different levels of political development – from consolidated democracies to premobilized authoritarian and democratic systems – leads to differentiation of functions. In the former cases populist regimes foster the redetermination of the effectiveness criteria for ruling elites and democratic governance in general, and in the latter – populist regimes support the general framework of the in-country political process by filling the institutional gaps.

Feminism Cannot be Single Because Women are Diverse: Contributions to a Decolonial Black Feminism Stemming from the Experience of Black Women of the Colombian Pacific

AbstractThis article asserts that European and North American feminisms are colonial discursive elaborations that defined what it was to be a woman and a feminist. The categories of gender and patriarchy established both what the subordination of women was as well as the possibilities for their emancipation. They're colonial discourses in the sense that they have construed women of the third world, or of the global South, as “other.” The specific case examined in this article questions the Euro-US-centric feminist construction of women and Afro-descendant feminists. In resignifying the categories of analysis proposed by feminism, such as gender and patriarchy, Afro-descendant feminists assert themselves as diverse Black women who build proposals subverting the social order that oppresses them, without needing to resort to feminism's central categories. Women belonging to ethnic communities elaborate a new type of feminism constructed in relation to the community's collective actions in vindicating their rights. Finally, Black or Afro-Colombian women, based on the legacy of their maroon or runaway slave ancestors, construct feminism otherwise, challenging universalist claims by Eurocentric and Andean-centric feminism, transforming and enriching it.

Nursing consultation in the Family Health Strategy and the nurse's perception: Grounded Theory.

to understand the experience of nurses with nursing consultations in the context of the Family Health Strategy and propose a representative model. qualitative research using Grounded Theory, with 14 nurses working through non-directive interviews. For data analysis, three stages were used: open, axial and selective coding, which originated phenomena, themes, categories and subcategories, which supported the construction of the central category and, consequently, the theoretical model. the interrelation of phenomena emerged from the essence of the nurse's experience, revealing the central category: From nursing education to the practice of Nursing Consultation, unveiling learning, challenges and autonomy as intervening components. Final Considerations: the nurse's experience is positive and, despite numerous challenges in daily life, the nurse has been performing it based on comprehensive care. New studies may add new understandings that enable the expansion of working conditions, valuing the nursing consultation.

The Artist as Realist: Jean Mihail and the De-Alienating Effects of Socialist Film

This article offers a discussion of the aesthetics of realism, which represents a central analytic category in post-socialist debates about Romanian cinema. While many disagreements have concentrated on realism as a technique for either documenting reality or disenchantment, I deploy realism as a dialectical method to understand the work of a pioneer of Romanian cinema, Jean Mihail. In criticising current models of realism, I draw on Georg Lukács’ Marxist theory to argue that realism offers not only a strong account of historical changes but also that it provides the basis of an anti-capitalist critique. Because a materialist method can illuminate shifts in film aesthetics in their social context, I concentrate on Mihail’s evolution from his 1925 social realist film Manasse (Romania) to his corporatist works at the end of the 1930s to his 1949 socialist realist documentary Orașul nu doarme niciodată [The City That Never Sleeps] (Romania). Also, I argue that realism goes beyond rethinking cinema as a technique of defamiliarisation by insisting on the de-alienating effects of cinema. In contrast to recent reformulations of realism (Christian Ferencz-Flatz) inspired by Walter Benjamin, I show that Mihail’s films constitute an important starting point to rethink a socially conscious realism.

“They Left Not for Sausage, but for Dignity”: the Concept of Dignity in the Late Soviet Polemics on Jewish Emigration

The Jewish national movement in the late Soviet decades declared its concern about the infringed national dignity of Soviet Jews; emigration to Israel was considered a way to restore it, while the very struggle for the reight to leave the USSR was seen as a struggle for dignity. The article reveals various ways of gaining and defending one’s dignity in the practices and texts of Jewish activists, or Refuseniks, and describes this concept within a number of binary oppositions: unconditional — conditioned, universal — categorized, individual — group, integral — subject to external influence. The rhetoric of refuseniks in this regard is examined in the context of Soviet Jewish ego documents and of the Soviet press, including a vast corpus of anti-Zionist publications, and the concept of dignity appears as one of the central categories in the polemics about Jewish emigration conducted on the pages of newspapers, open letters and Samizdat.

Диагностические возможности программно-аппаратного комплекса «Двигательные компоненты процесса решения познавательной задачи»

The aim of the study is experimental modeling of the individual process of organizing cognitive space by the subjects in a situation of real problem solving. The relevance of the problem of studying the influence of motor activity on the process of solving cognitive problems is determined by the fact that the phenomenon of motor activity in terms of its psychological content remains one of the central categories of research in foreign and domestic psychology. The article discusses the results of a laboratory experiment obtained using analysis tools based on fixing a motion track. The sample of the experimental group consisted of 30 people ages 18-24 years (19 males and 11 females), students of Tomsk State University. The classical task "Tower of Hanoi" was chosen as a method for studying human motor activity in solving a cognitive task. For the data analysis, a qualitative method using computer technology was used - the R-project program with a graphical user interface RStudio. The results presented in this study used three different conditions for presenting the "Tower of Hanoi" task and showed that various changes in visual representation affect the motor activity of subjects in different ways. An analysis of the dynamics of motor activity in the process of solving a cognitive task made it possible to identify the main markers of motor activity and repetitive patterns that arose as a result of visual feedback reconstruction. Five types of cognitive solving tasks were identified, differing from each other in different dynamics of movement and speed characteristics. Motor patterns of solving a cognitive task in various conditions were noted. We found, from the results of the study, a variant of the developed simulator of cognitive skills for controlling the visual correction of the subject's motor activity in the process of solving a cognitive task. The proposed version of the cognitive simulator opens up new possibilities for evaluating the variety of actions of a user who chooses certain cognitive strategies.

The approach to difference as a critical category of modern equality in Eduardo Galeano’s literature

This paper studies the literature of Eduardo Galeano, aiming to identify critical-political elements of the idea of equality through the presence of the conceptual category of difference. From the phenomenological methodology, the objective is to unveil the epistemological potential of Galeano’s literary work, allowing a critical analysis of the proper categories of law, such as equality. The results of the research indicate that in Galeano’s work there are clear elements of what is currently called the epistemologies of the global political south, which have very close links with critiques of the formal equality of modernity, especially by considering difference as a central category to understanding of the complexity of the contemporary world.

SOCIAL INTERACTION OF WOMEN EXPOSED TO HIV/AIDS: A REPRESENTATIVE MODEL

ABSTRACT Objective: to present the representative model of the social interaction of women exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS based on the meanings attributed by them. Method: an interpretative and qualitative research study carried out in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2017 to 2018, through semi-structured interviews with 17 women who made up four sample groups, in the period between June 2017 and January 2018. The framework for data analysis is the Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism, and the study was ethically approved as required by the National Health Council. Results: for women, the representative model of the social interaction process of exposure to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS means “not protecting themselves” and “not being protected by the other”. It is seen as a sloppy, irresponsible and reckless act. The women know the measures to prevent exposure; however, they do not use condoms and acknowledge that they are both exposed and exposing others simultaneously. The central category entitled “Neglecting one's own life although being aware of exposure to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS” stands out. Conclusion: understanding this social interaction can contribute to the apprehension of the main factors that influence the construction of these meanings by women, thus helping them to give a new meaning to this exposure and allowing them to modify their actions to protect themselves and others against AIDS. Consequently, effective assistance based on preservation of life is encouraged, with a view to comprehensive care to women and reducing their exposure to infection.

Relations of power and oppression within the delivery room: nursing narratives.

To analyze, from the perspective of decolonial feminism, the power and oppression relations experienced by nurses in the delivery room in a hospital in Mexico. Qualitative study in which 15 nurses selected by theoretical sampling were interviewed. The interviews were fully transcribed and subsequently analyzed using content analysis. The emerging central category was "Inter- and intragender power/oppression relations" and psychological and symbolic violence were the most frequent types. Gender was confirmed as the most important structural determinant of oppression, cutting across bodies and professional identities. The conditions contributing to intragender conflict are age, expertise, and specialization. Three coping resources were documented: defenselessness, complicity and resistance. It is necessary to denaturalize the forms of power/oppression sustained by gender inequalities, but also to discuss other conditions that determine power/oppression relations between women and colleagues. Eradicating intra-gender and intergender violence is necessary to access safe working environments that promote creativity for the exercise of care.

Performance evaluation of after-sales service partners in the power tools industry

After-sales service (ASS) is a product support activity provided to customers; after-sales service that focuses on quality can create a sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to the ASS performance, analyze the causes of performance constraints that occur in ASS and recommendations for improving the performance of ASS conceptually. Service partner performance achievement can be assessed from four categories, i.e. very good, good, bad, and poor, based on the actual level of performance compared to performance targets. The sample of this research is 12 ASS partners in the electrical equipment industry in West Java and Jakarta. Factors causing failure were analyzed descriptively using the fault tree analysis (FTA) method, which involved experts in focus group discussions (FGD). Based on the evaluation, 25% of partners were rated good, 50% poor, and 25% very poor. Partner performance achievement is carried out on 22 performance indicators, of which 20 performance indicators have not achieved a good rating. These indicators relate to brand issues, warranty, training, parts control and stock management, pricing, and service systems, including service centers and service facilities. The proposed concept that becomes a recommendation for improving the performance of power tools ASS is improving the operating system and the selection of partners in the service center and service dealer categories with industrial customer segmentation.

Magnitudes in Badiouʼs Objective Phenomenology and Economic Consumer Choice

The young Marx once remarked that political economy finds itself in an estranged form and is therefore in desperate need of a critical reconstruction of its object [Gegenstand]. He proposed a complete deconstruction of economic objectivity and its categories, hoping to recover the true species-life of man. In the article, we assert that contemporary economic theory remains confined by this estrangement, despite managing to ‘revolutionize’ itself out of the grip of classical political economy. The subjectivist-marginalist reliance on ‘measurable’ consumer preferences not only solidified the discipline’s estrangement, but also wrested away any remaining basic principles of economics through neoclassical reconceptualization. A break with estrangement would require novel critical economic thinking that would do away with the discontinuity between classical and neoclassical (contemporary) economics. It would therefore need a rich enough framework to scrutinize its principal categories. We argue that Alain Badiou’s objective phenomenology possesses a complementary synchronic structure able to conform to basic economic tenets, allowing for a comparative and synthetic approach. This would then be the basis for a new model of economic theorizing. We conclude the article with Marx’s value form, seeing it as a possible central category of a newly proposed economic framework.

Las categorías sexo y género ante la paridad constitucional. Respuesta a Micaela AlterioThe categories sex and gender before electoral parity. A reply to Micaela Alterio

Abstract The article reflects on the concept of gender parity from a critical perspective, taking as reference the normative and conceptual differences of the sex and gender categories as analytical legal categories. It advocates the reinforcement of sex as a central constitutional category for the equality of women and men, and as a democratic requirement that implies the recognition of human mixedness and the socio / sexual subordination of women. It advocates breaking with the corporeal and socio-sexual abstraction of the normative model of the human in order to ensure that sex is not legally irrelevant and argues for the requirement of constitutional parity without further qualifications.

Uwarunkowania udostępniania danych badawczych przez polskich humanistów. Rekonesans

As part of a wider project based on MMR, the first round of qualitative study was carried out from May to July 2021 on a convenience sample of 14 scholars from Polish universities, representing the field of humanities, with a predominance of modern languages specialists. We posed the following research question: how the way they perceive their own research data impacts on the willingness of Polish humanists to adhere to Open Research Data initiatives. In adequacy with this subject of inquiry, we applied the combination of phenomenography and guided tour method. The material was collected via semi-structured interviews and examined through the lens of phenomenographic analysis. In conclusions, we present a map of categories of experience that may determine the practical approach of humanists towards Open Research Data. The central category turned out to be "Selfhood", understood as the close connection between the researcher and with the data he/she produces. While "Selfhood" itself appears to be a neutral feature, other categories related to it are classified as potential barriers. Taking into account all the identified determinants, we formulate practical postulates addressed to digital data curators operating in Polish academic and scholarly libraries.

PATRIOTISM, IDENTITY AND DEATH. REFLECTIONS ON THE EXISTENCE OF AN INDIVIDUAL AND A POLITICAL COMMUNITY

The article reflects on the existential foundations of patriotism, identity and death. The presented considerations take into account the individual and community aspects of the analyzed issues. The preservation of eidos (essence) and the adjournment of the end are the central categories of the presented analysis. The starting point for the considerations is the myth-creating aspect of the historiography of Mistrz Wincenty, which forms the foundations of self-understanding for the Polish people. Attention is paid to the renaissance of thinking referring to myths that characterizes contemporary Western culture, described by Chantal Delsol. The concept of patriotism is analyzed using the understanding of this phenomenon proposed by Alasdair MacIntyre, and there are reference to the literature as well. The considerations reveal the tension between patriotism understood as a special kind of loyalty shown towards one’s own political community and the requirements of universalist ethics, especially liberal ones. Liberal criticism of patriotism presents it as an anachronistic attitude. It is related to the modern concept of progress. The article refers to the typology of types of progress proposed by Robert Spaemann, but referring to the division of human activities created by Aristotle. The negative effects – also in the sphere of education – of treating the category of progress as an absolute, radicalized and totalized value were emphasized; not requiring justification and equated with good. The article highlights the immanent threat to the existence of individuals and communities. Jonathan Lear’s study of the decline and rebirth of a culture created by the Native American community, the Crow tribe, is analyzed.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Screen Deployment-Limiting Health Conditions.

Disease non-battle injuries (DNBIs) are responsible for the majority of hospital admissions for soldiers in combat since the Vietnam War The U.S. Army prepares soldiers to deploy through a multistage process known as the Soldier Readiness Program (SRP). The current processes are reactive and address deployment-limiting health conditions (DLHCs) and the need for intervention and/or medical waivers late in the SRP process. This may compromise the quality and efficiency of pre-deployment medical clearance and result in DNBI medical evacuation from theater, which is costly and reduces the effectiveness of the unit. Implementation of a proactive and standardized screening process focused on behavioral health-related medical evacuations and psychotropic medication use will facilitate timely and effective interventions to improve readiness. The primary objective of this proof-of-concept (POC) study was to develop a standardized and sustainable process, known as the deployment-limiting medication (DLM) surveillance process, to screen soldiers for DLHCs that prevent mobilization. The A-3 performance improvement model was utilized to identify the root causes of limitations with the current medical SRP and to develop solutions. This process utilized the DLHC tool, a report created by the Defense Health Agency, as a basis to identify soldiers that require continued chart review based on prescription fill history. The results of the report were further assessed using published deployment eligibility standards and focused on psychotropic medications. Secondary measures [included] validation of the DLHC tool by assessing the accuracy of the DLHC report. This was determined by the proportion of soldiers screened who actually required intervention and/or waivers per deployment policy. This study took place within an Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT). From August 2019 to March 2020, 959 soldiers in the IBCT were screened under the DLM surveillance process for DLHCs related to mental health and psychotropic medication use. The percentage of completed screenings of psychotropic-related DLHCs in the IBCT reached 100% after 3 months of implementing this POC study. After thorough chart review, a total of 421 soldiers met criteria for a medical intervention and/or waiver with 8% of these soldiers identified with a preexisting medical profile. The DLHC tool's ability to use medication history to accurately predict the need for an intervention and/or medical waiver was 59% (654/1,112 medications). Soldiers identified using the DLM surveillance process that did not meet criteria predominately involved antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and central nervous system DLHC categories. If the psychotropic-related DLHC categories are optimized in future reports, the report's accuracy may be increased to 90% while decreasing the time to complete the monthly review. The DLM surveillance measures were successfully incorporated into the SRP process to proactively screen for DLHCs. Early identification of DLHCs allowed for proper identification of medical intervention and/or waiver needs and may decrease deployment complications. This process may help to improve a soldier's deployability and improve overall readiness of the IBCT.

The Process of Thinking During the Care Work of Care Workers1

AbstractOur research aims to clarify the thinking processes involved in care work of care workers who care for the elderly. We conducted interviews with 12 care workers working in an elderly day‐care center and analyzed the data with the Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M‐GTA). As a result, 26 concepts were generated. Next, these concepts were divided into eight categories and further summarized into four central categories. The structure of the care worker's thinking was explained according to four central categories: Think about care attitude, Determine care attitude, Care for the users, and Foundation of care. From these results, we confirmed that care workers attach great importance to maintaining their three central categories of thinking processes and foundation of care to provide quality care to the users. We also confirmed that the three central categories are divided into positive and negative concepts that affect the quality of care for the users. Accordingly, to provide high‐quality care for elderly users, it is necessary to consider the organizational mechanisms that support care workers’ three thinking processes and foundation of care.

Review of justice for sustainability in the Covid-19 era

The resources and services being public open the discussion about their redistributive justice. That is the differences between governors and governed orient community self-management or state management, discarding socio-state co-management as a balance between the parties. In this way, the objective of the study was to model the dimensions of justice for sustainability, considering a review from 2019 to 2021. A structure of five dimensions was found that explained the research discussion, suggesting the approach of tariff policies as regulators of environmental resources and sectoral demands. Thus, justice for sustainability is a central category in the conflict between public administration and users.

A “Priesthood of Knowledge”: The International Thought of Henri de Saint-Simon

Abstract The French political theorist Henri de Saint-Simon is largely absent from historical International Relations (IR). This article shows why this is unwarranted and introduces him as an international thinker who made lasting contributions to IR's modern conceptual imagination. Largely responding to the French Revolution Saint-Simon rethought the parameters of international order, imagining the international as a realm separable from national politics and conformable to human agency. International order, on his account, could be actively created. This could take the shape of legislation, trade, or large-scale engineering projects: of new methods of governance. Based on a close reading of texts rarely brought into IR’s focus, this article introduces Saint-Simon as a thinker who cut across traditional IR divides and developed a central actor category of international order: impartial, knowledge-based agents of change. His understanding of international reform not only made it possible to theorize and experiment with a role in global governance for technical experts but also masked the imperial underpinnings of the international projects these experts facilitated. The article makes the case that Saint-Simon deserves a firm place in historical IR, that his thought presents an opportunity for revisiting widely held assumptions about international authority, and that a discernible Saint-Simonian strand of international thought puts typically liberal histories of global governance in question.

Fictional Expectations and the Constant Taming of a Spreading Technology

This essay argues that expectations about the future are a central category for understanding the paradoxical dynamics of the ongoing digitalization of schools. To do so, it outlines how to understand expectations about the future and which complementary concepts are particularly relevant. To illustrate the theoretical considerations, the essay uses empirical examples from a current research project focusing on the role of expectations in the debate on the digitalization of schools in Germany. The essay shows that looking at actors’ expectations helps to understand the continuous spread of new technology, as well as its constant taming.