Area In Central Japan Research Articles

Tracing groundwater recharge sources in a mountain–plain transitional area using stable isotopes and hydrochemistry

Summary Mountain–plain transitional landscapes are especially important as groundwater recharge zones. In this study, the oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of water and hydrochemical information were employed to quantify contribution ratios of different sources of groundwater recharge in the Ashikaga area of central Japan. The study area is situated between the Ashio Mountains and the Kanto Plain, and the Watarase River flows into the region parallel to the mountain–plain boundary. There was an obvious isotopic altitude effect in and around the study area (−0.25‰ per 100 m for δ18O and −1.7‰ per 100 m for δD), and the isotopic signatures of water from the Watarase River and local precipitation could be clearly distinguished. In addition, it was possible to identify the occurrence of mountain block recharge using hydrochemistry, specifically the chloride ion. End-member mixing analysis using δ values and Cl− concentration revealed spatial variation in the contribution ratios of the river water, mountain block groundwater and local precipitation. Seepage from the Watarase River contributed a significant amount of water to aquifers along its channel. The river-recharged water reached 5 km from the channel in the south (i.e., plain) side and 1.6 km or less in the north (i.e., mountain) side. Remarkable mountain block recharge was observed in the foothills near the axis of the syncline, which has layers of chert and sandstone that likely hinder river channel seepage into the mountain-side aquifers. Major factors controlling the river-water contribution ratio include the distance from the river channel, topography, and hydrogeological settings. The results presented here should facilitate integrated management of groundwater and surface water resources.

Assessment of human papilloma virus in non-small cell lung cancer in never-smokers: A study from a prospective registry of never-smokers.

e18126 Background: Driver mutations have been identified in most non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) from never-smokers. However, a small percentage of the tumors still have no its mutations detected. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been hypothesized to contribute to lung carcinogenesis in East Asia. Methods: We started a prospective registry of never-smokers with NSCLC at the Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Japan, in 2008. We consecutively enrolled all the never-smokers after obtaining written informed consent. Among these, we selected the 114 patients treated with surgery to obtain a large amount of DNA. After exclusion of samples with suboptimal quality, DNA was extracted from 93 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical tissues. HPV genotyping was performed using a PCR-based microarray system for detecting 23 HPV types, including high-risk (HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68) and low-risk or risk-unknown types (HPV types 6, 11, 30, 34, 40, 42, 53, 54, 61, and 66). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and KRAS mutations were examined with real time PCR (genotyping), and EML4-ALK rearrangements were detected using immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in-situ hybridization. Results: There were 80 female (86.0%) and 13 male patients (14.0%), with a median age of 67 years (range 29-83). Almost all cases were of the adenocarcinoma histological subtype (92.5%). Molecular analysis of these 93 patients detected 59 EGFR mutations (63.4%), 5 K-ras mutations ( 5.4% ) and 4 EML4-ALK rearrangements (4.3%). These abnormalities were mutually exclusive except for one case who had both EGFR and KRAS mutations. HPV 6 was detected in only one case (1.1%), a 49-year-old female who had an EGFR mutation with wild type KRAS and ALK. No others examined were positive for any HPV type. Conclusions: The three driver mutations accounted for 72.0% of NSCLC in never-smokers. Although a low-risk HPV type was evident in one case, no high-risk HPV types were detected in the tumors with or without the mutations. Our results suggest that HPV does not play a major role as the driving oncogenic event in adenocarcinoma in never-smokers in Osaka, the central area of Japan.

Comparison of wood-inhabiting myxomycetes in subalpine and montane coniferous forests in the Yatsugatake Mountains of Central Japan

To demonstrate altitudinal gradients (and resulting temperatures) that affect myxomycete biodiversity and species composition, we statistically compared myxomycete assemblages between a subalpine coniferous forest and a montane pine forest within the region of the Yatsugatake Mountains, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan. In summer and autumn field surveys during 2003-2010, 53 myxomycete taxa (with varieties treated as species) were observed from 639 records of fruiting bodies in the subalpine forest and 32 taxa were detected from 613 records in the montane forest. There were 20 species in common between the assemblages and the percentage similarity index was 0.400. Myxomycete biodiversity was higher in the subalpine than in the montane forest. Nine myxomycete species were statistically frequent occurrences in the subalpine forest and appeared in autumn: Lamproderma columbinum, Cribraria macrocarpa, Trichia botrytis, Physarum newtonii, Diderma ochraceum, Enteridium splendens, Elaeomyxa cerifera, Trichia verrucosa, and Colloderma oculatum. Five species were restricted to appear in the subalpine forest: Cribraria purpurea, Cribraria rufa, Cribraria ferruginea, Cribraria piriformis, and Lepidoderma tigrinum. Dead wood in the subalpine forest provided a breeding habitat for specific myxomycetes that inhabit cold areas; that is those areas having geographical features of decreasing temperature and increasing elevation, such as the temperate area of Central Japan.

Recent epidemiologic trends of HAM/TSP in Japan

Recently a survey of HTLV-1 carrier in Japan has been done based on the positivity of Red Cross blood donors, and demonstrated that HTLV-1 carriers are not reduced and diffused from south-western endemic areas to central metropolitan cities in Japan. The last nation-wide survey of HAM/TSP has been conducted in 1994 and reported 1103 cases of definite HAM/TSP in Japan. In order to investigate recent trends of HAM/TSP in Japan we conducted a nation-wide search of HAM/TSP patients who have attended 829 neurology clinics in recent two years, 2007 and 2008. Altogether 277 clinics (33.5%) responded and 790 cases of HAM/TSP were registered. Simultaneously registered amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients were 1,002 cases, and the number of HAM/TSP in Japan was estimated to be less than 3,600 when compared to that of ALS (4,900). Male to female ratio was 1:2.5 and mean age of onset was 49.4 years old. More than 30 patients per year were found to have an onset of the disease in these 10 years. Concerning the distribution, 52% of patients are living in Kyushu, whereas, 15.4% are living in the area around Tokyo and 15.9% around Osaka. The ratio of patients living in such areas of central Japan was increased when compared those with onset before 1995 and those after then. In conclusion, the number of patients with HAM/TSP is not reduced and more patients are found in the metropolitan areas.

Detrital heavy minerals from Lower Jurassic clastic rocks in the Joetsu area, central Japan: Paleo‐Mesozoic tectonics in the East Asian continental margin constrained by limited chloritoid occurrences in Japan

AbstractDetrital chloritoids were extracted from the Lower Jurassic sandstones in the Joetsu area of central Japan. The discovery of detrital chloritoids in the Joetsu area, in addition to two previous reports, confirms their limited occurrence in the Jurassic strata of the Japanese islands. This finding emphasizes the importance of the denudation of chloritoid‐yielding metamorphic belts in Jurassic provenance evolution, in addition to a change from an active volcanic arc to a dissected arc that has already been described. Possible sources for the detrital chloritoids from the Jurassic sandstones are the Permo–Triassic chloritoid‐yielding metamorphic rocks distributed in dispersed tectonic zones (Hida, Unazuki, Ryuhozan and Hitachi Metamorphic Rocks), which are in fault contact with Permian to Jurassic accretionary complexes in the Japanese islands. This is because all of these pre‐Jurassic chloritoid‐yielding metamorphic rocks have a Carboniferous–Permian depositional age and a Permo–Triassic metamorphic age, whereas a Permian–Triassic metamorphic age on the Hitachi Metamorphic Rocks remains unreported. In addition, most metamorphic chloritoids imply a former stable land surface that has evolved into an unstable orogenic area. Therefore, the chloritoid‐yielding metamorphic rocks might form a continuous metamorphic belt originating from a passive continental margin in East Asia. Evidence from paleontological and petrological studies indicates that the Permo–Triassic metamorphic belt relates to a collision between the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and the North China Craton. The evolution of the Permian–Jurassic provenance of Japanese detrital rocks indicates that the temporal changes in detritus should result from sequences of collision‐related uplifting processes.

Dietary zinc intake and its effects on zinc nutrition in healthy Japanese living in the central area of Japan

In the present study, we first examined the dietary zinc intake from food groups in 109 healthy Japanese (24-82 years old, 45 male and 64 female) by means of the 72-h recall method. We then used the ratio of apo/holo-activities of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE ratio) that is a more sensitive index of zinc nutrition than zinc concentration in the serum and examined the correlation between their zinc intake and ACE ratio. Dietary zinc intake in healthy Japanese was maximal from rice and rice products. There were significant inverse correlations between the ACE ratio and dietary zinc intake from rice and rice products and shellfish, and a significant positive correlation between ACE ratio and dietary zinc intake from other beans and bean processed foods. On the other hand, there were no significant correlations between serum zinc concentrations and dietary zinc intake from any food group except processed fish. These findings suggested that rice is a major source of dietary zinc intake in healthy Japanese. It is also suggested that shellfish also has a major impact on zinc nutrition, although dietary zinc intake from this source is minimal. Since beans contain phytic acid, which inhibits the absorption of dietary zinc, it is suggested that intake of beans causes impairment of zinc nutrition.

Modelling community dynamics based on species‐level abundance models from detection/nondetection data

Summary1. In large‐scale field surveys, a binary recording of each species’ detection or nondetection has been increasingly adopted for its simplicity and low cost. Because of the importance of abundance in many studies, it is desirable to obtain inferences about abundance at species‐, functional group‐, and community‐levels from such binary data.2. We developed a novel hierarchical multi‐species abundance model based on species‐level detection/nondetection data. The model accounts for the existence of undetected species, and variability in abundance and detectability among species. Species‐level detection/nondetection is linked to species‐level abundance via a detection model that accommodates the expectation that probability of detection (at least one individuals is detected) increases with local abundance of the species. We applied this model to a 9‐year dataset composed of the detection/nondetection of forest birds, at a single post‐fire site (from 7 to 15 years after fire) in a montane area of central Japan. The model allocated undetected species into one of the predefined functional groups by assuming a prior distribution on individual group membership.3. The results suggest that 15–20 species were missed in each year, and that species richness of communities and functional groups did not change with post‐fire forest succession. Overall abundance of birds and abundance of functional groups tended to increase over time, although only in the winter, while decreases in detectabilities were observed in several species.4. Synthesis and applications. Understanding and prediction of large‐scale biodiversity dynamics partly hinge on how we can use data effectively. Our hierarchical model for detection/nondetection data estimates abundance in space/time at species‐, functional group‐, and community‐levels while accounting for undetected individuals and species. It also permits comparison of multiple communities by many types of abundance‐based diversity and similarity measures under imperfect detection.

My Academic Life in Neuropathology

The following reminiscence by Asao Hirano is the third autobiography in a series published in the Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology . These have been solicited from senior members of the neuropathology community who have been noted leaders and contributors to neuroscience and to the American Association of Neuropathologists (AANP) and have a historical perspective of the importance of neuropathology in diagnosis, education, and research. It is hoped that this series will entertain, enlighten, and present members of the AANP with a better sense of the legacy that we have inherited, as well as reintroduce our respected neuroscientists as humans having interesting lives filled with joys and sorrows, the same as all of us. MNH, RAS I was born in Tomioka, a small town in the mountainous area of central Japan, on November 26, 1926. Growing up as the only child in a Samurai descendant household, my childhood days were disciplined and happy (Fig. 1). At school, I excelled in all subjects and won many prizes in art (drawing) and sports (running and judo). Even during the difficult war period, I was fortunate in being able to pursue a relatively uninterrupted academic life. From premedical college in Niigata, I went on to Kyoto University, and graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in 1952. At that time, internship was introduced to Japan from America as part of a new medical educational system. I was one of 2 physicians accepted into a 1-year rotating internship at the US Army Hospital in Osaka. This gave me an opportunity to learn not only the American style of clinical medicine, but also conversational English from the American doctors stationed in Japan. With their recommendation, I was accepted for a 1-year rotating internship at Harlem Hospital in New York City, which was an exciting big …

Two-year monitoring of the vertical distribution of ammonia in the atmosphere above an intensive dairy farming area in central Japan

Two-year monitoring of the vertical distribution of ammonia in the atmosphere above an intensive dairy farming area in central Japan

Crows break off live camphor twigs: an avian disturbance effect on plants

Birds are usually considered beneficial partners for plants, acting as predators on herbivorous insects, pollinators and seed dispersal agents. However, in an urban area of central Japan, birds break off large quantities of live camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) twigs in winter. This loss of vegetative parts was examined quantitatively to estimate the impact on the trees. I also observed bird foraging behaviour to determine the species involved and the possible reasons underlying this destructive activity. Broken twigs on the forest floor were found to have numerous leaves and spring buds. The densities of leaves and buds in the litter were 288.5 and 54.4 m(-2), respectively. The jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos) may have broken off the twigs either to peck the fruits while perching on stable branches, or possibly to remove twigs obstructing access to fruit. In contrast, brown-eared bulbuls (Hypsipetes amaurotis), oriental turtle doves (Streptopelia orientalis) and rove doves (Columba livia) ate fruits without breaking twigs. The interaction between C. camphora and C. macrorhynchos only extends back for about 20 years in urban Japan, indicating that this is unlikely to be a stable, co-evolved relationship.

Estimating groundwater residence time using multiple regression model based on fluoride dissolution: an exploration of possibilities

High levels of fluoride concentration were observed in deep groundwater of the Mizunami area in Central Japan. Fluoride occurs mainly due to the reaction between granitic basement rock and groundwater. Granites were collected, crushed to powder, and then allowed to react with purified water for 80 days. Water–rock interaction results showed that the major factor affecting fluoride concentration is the residence time of the groundwater. Coexisting ions have also some contribution toward fluoride concentration. The groundwater residence time in the Mizunami area was estimated by applying results of water–rock interaction to correspond with field data. A regression model relating fluoride concentration, residence time, and coexisting ions was developed. The parameters of the regression model were determined using the genetic algorithms technique. Residence time was estimated by extrapolating experimental data to correspond with filed data. Near the recharge area, residence times in the potential fluoride source rock varied between 1 and 2,000 years, whereas near the discharge area residence times were in excess of tens of thousands of years. The groundwater residence time was also estimated by the groundwater particle-tracking-flow model. The estimates of groundwater residence time based on geochemical regression model were often larger than estimates of groundwater residence time developed by particle-tracking analysis using a groundwater flow model. There were large uncertainties—on the order of 10–10,000 years—in the estimates based on geochemical data.

日本とオランダにおける地下水，湧水の水質の比較研究

The quality of shallow groundwater and spring water was investigated in two study areas in central Japan and central Netherlands, which are considered to have many contrasting geographical features. Human activities and their backgrounds were also investigated to clarify genealogically the relationships between land-water quality and surrounding human activities. The study areas are located in the eastern part of Tokyo Metropolitan area in Japan (referred to as JP) and between the cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Netherlands (NL). An additional small area (Js) within the JP area was also selected to supplement shallow groundwater quality in the area. For each study area, 105 water samples were selected from data collected, sources of which included field data, a web-accessible database and a published thesis. Major inorganic ion concentrations and latitude/longitude/altitude information were collected for the selected water samples. In each study area, 7 classes of 15 samples were based on total major inorganic ion concentrations, and the values of data collected were averaged within the classes. The class-averaged values of ion concentrations and of latitude/longitude/altitude are shown and trends observed in each area are described. Common factors and differences among study areas are: •The conditions controlling class distributions in both JP (incl. Js) and NL areas are considered to be the same in terms of regional structures. Differences in source and residence time of groundwater along with altitude largely control distributions, and horizontal differences in land use have small effects in addition. •General characteristics as well as ways ion-balances and latitude/longitude locations change along with classes differ among study areas. One cause is the existence of brackish groundwater in NL. The other is considered to be the difference in land-use allocation and associated water-use mixture in terms of their patterns. The above two causes of differences are linked, incorporating the fact that shallow groundwater from recent precipitation is present in areas where the land is drained and groundwater is disturbed by human activities. In conclusion, the formation of class distributions in both JP (incl. Js)and NL areas is strongly related to land-use allocation and associated water-use mixture. Differences in land use in terms of altitude are greater than those in terms of horizontal distribution, which led to the common regional structures controlling distributions.

Geochemistry of metasomatized peridotites above subducting slab: a case study of hydrous metaperidotites from Happo-O'ne complex, central Japan

Hydrous peridotites from the Happo-O’ne area in central Japan, which form a serpentinite melange in the high-P/T Renge metamorphic belt, vary from depleted lherzolites to harzburgites with subordinate dunite that contains primary chromian spinel with Cr# = 0.72 on average. Systematic variations of major and trace elements of bulk-rock compositions possibly resulted from various degrees of partial melting experienced by their protoliths (15% to <30% fractional melting). Some hydrous peridotites from the tremolite zone are representatives of the mantle peridotite facies with Ti-rich chromian spinel (up to 5.7 wt% TiO2), and these peridotites have the same compositions as other peridotites except for enrichment in Na2O, Ba, and Ti. Their bulk rocks show U-shaped PM (primitive mantle)-normalized REE (rare earth elements) patterns (0.05-0.5 times PM) and are enriched with Cs, Pb, Sr, Ba, and Rb (0.2-20 times PM), indicating metasomatism by fluids derived from the subducting slab. The hydrous peridotites contain low amounts of Zr, Hf, Ta, and Nb (HFSEs), which possibly indicate that metasomatizing melts are not involved. These results are confirmed by in -situ analysis of tremolites that show U-shaped REE patterns (0.1-3 times PM) and are highly enriched with fluid -mobile elements (B, Li, Cs, Sr, and Pb; 1-100 times PM) and Sc relative to HFSEs.

Relationship between river water quality and land use in a small river basin running through the urbanizing area of Central Japan

In this study, the relationship between water quality (as represented by major inorganic ion concentra- tions) and land use characteristics is examined for a small river basin which runs through the urbanizing area of central Japan. Water samples were taken from 24 sites at base flow and analyzed, and the proportions of the various land uses associated with the respective drainage basins were calcu- lated using a digital land-use map (scale: 1:25000). The electrical conductivity (EC) of the water ranged from 84.5 to 600 l Sc m -1 .C a 2+ and Na + were the major cations, accounting for 77% of all cations. Among the anions, HCO3 - was dominant (56%), followed by Cl - (24%), SO4 2- (13%) and NO3 - (7%). Applying principal component analysis to land use in the drainage basin yielded three principal com- ponents. The first principal component expressed the degree of occupation by residential areas, the second indicated the degree of urban developing area (i.e., fast-developing and industrial areas), and the third showed the degree of coverage with farmland and green space. The residential area showed significant positive correlations with K + ,M g 2+ ,C a 2+ ,N O3 - , HCO3 - , EC and TMI (total major ions). Urban developing area showed significant positive correlations with Ca 2+ ,C l - , HCO3 - , EC and TMI as well as weak negative correlations with NO3 - and SO4 2- . Industrial area showed weak positive correlations with Na + and Cl - and a moderate negative correlation with NO3 - . Farmland showed significant posi- tive correlations with NO3 - and SO4 2- ; these ions are present due to fertilizers and the biological activity of plants. Forest area is inversely related to almost all ions, indicating the need for this form of land use in order to maintain river water quality.

Categorization of the rarity of species in local flora based on phytosociological releves : a case study in hilly Satoyama area in central Japan

Categorization of the rarity of species in local flora based on phytosociological releves : a case study in hilly Satoyama area in central Japan

夏季静穏日における東京都区部の局地気圧系の日変化

In this paper, we discuss the diurnal variation of the air-pressure system in the urban Tokyo in calm summer days by using the METROS (Metropolitan Environmental Temperature and Rainfall Observation System) data. The results are summerized as follows : 1) Throughout almost one day, the sea-level pressure is low in the northern and southern sides of the urban Tokyo, and high in the western and eastern sides. 2) The sea-level pressure difference inside the urban Tokyo is assumed about 0.8∼1.3 hPa. 3) During the daytime when the surface air-pressure is low, the pressure drop in the morning is larger in the suburban Tokyo, and the pressure drop in the afternoon is larger in the downtown Tokyo. 4) After sunset, firstly the pressure rise is larger in the downtown Tokyo, thereafter in the suburban Tokyo. 5) Not only surplus heat, but also semi-diurnal atmospheric tides and local cyclones generated in the mountainous area of central Japan cause the diurnal variation of the air-pressure system in the urban Tokyo.

Development and distribution of Castanea and Aesculus culture during the Jomon Period in Japan

Castanea and Aesculus trees were protected for consumption of nuts as food during the Jomon Period. Climatic factors affected the selection of kinds of consumed nuts. Castanea was mainly consumed during warm periods and Aesculus was consumed during cold periods. However, this could have been a regional phenomenon in northern Japan. It is possible that in southern warmer areas Castanea either might be protected constantly, or the protection of these plants was not necessary because forest productivity in the southern area is greater than that of the northern area. To understand the influence of temperature on Castanea hansaibai, pollen analysis was conducted at the Satohama site. In addition, the distribution of the intermediate stage between wild and domestication ( hansaibai) during the Jomon Period was studied based on pollen analyses. At the Satohama site, protection of Castanea started during the warm period in the Early Jomon Period (7000–4500 years BP) and continued to be observed during the next cold period. The Tohoku region (the northern part of Honshu Island) and the Hokuriku region (Japan Sea Coast area in Central Japan) was the main distribution area. In this study, no evidence of the protection of either species in Western Japan was detected. Climate and the necessity for large amounts of food preservation for winter might influence this activity.

Quaternary tectonic rotation in central Japan: Paleomagnetism of the Eboshidake volcanic rocks

Abstract Neotectonic crustal deformation in central Japan near a triple‐junction of plates is investigated on the basis of paleomagnetic data. The progressive thermal demagnetization test isolated characteristic remanent magnetization from 18 sites of the early Quaternary Eboshidake volcanic rocks erupted around the termination of active strike‐slip faults. The site‐mean directions show considerably large scatter in declinations, and easterly deflection in average (Dm = −161.7°). On the basis of inclination statistics, measured inclinations (Im = −48.9°, δI = 6.6°) are concordant with an expected value from latitude of the study area. Because the sampling was planned to cover a wide stratigraphic range and eliminate the effect of geomagnetic secular variation, an easterly deflection is attributed to clockwise rotation around vertical axis. Together with previous paleomagnetic data, the present study indicates that clockwise‐rotated areas in central Japan are aligned on a northeast–southwest recent shear zone delineated through geodetic survey. Deflection and scatter of paleomagnetic declinations of the Eboshidake volcanic rocks are much greater than those extrapolated from a recent strain rate, and might be explained by complicated motion anticipated at fault terminations and/or enhanced crustal rotation under elevated temperatures around a Quaternary volcanic province.

Detection and Volume Estimation of Large-Scale Landslides Based on Elevation-Change Analysis Using DEMs Extracted From High-Resolution Satellite Stereo Imagery

A new technique for quickly assessing extensive areas of large-scale landslides that uses digital elevation models (DEMs) extracted from high-resolution satellite images is presented in this paper. The proposed technique observes the elevation changes by using multitemporal DEMs. Five-meter-resolution DEMs from SPOT-5 images are applied to two large-scale landslide disasters: the landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake (magnitude 6.8; a moderate-topography area in Central Japan), and the landslides caused by the 2004 typhoon Mindulle (a steep-topography area in Central Taiwan). Both events yielded elevation changes in excess of 10 m. We assess the DEMs produced by the proposed method and their landslide application. We find three main results. 1) The elevation difference error increases with the slope angle. The root-mean-square error was 4-5 m on slopes lower than 30deg in both areas, whereas it was 5-6 m for slopes that exceeded 30deg in moderate topographies and 5-9 m in steep topographies. 2) The proposed technique well delineated the large-scale landslides. The total rate of successful area detection was over 70% for slopes under 40 deg but under 40% for slopes that exceeded 40 deg. 3) The landslide volume could be roughly estimated in units of 100times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The developed technique well supports damage assessments of large-scale landslides because the location, depth, and volume can be quantitatively determined by remote sensing

埼玉県中央部の丘陵地帯でのオオタカAccipiter gentilisの生息状況と営巣特性

埼玉県中央部の丘陵地帯でのオオタカAccipiter gentilisの生息状況と営巣特性