Center-periphery Model Research Articles

РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19 В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ В 2020 ГОДУ: МОДЕЛИ И РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ

Considering the widespread of Covid-19 and its impact on the population health in Russian regions, it is necessary to examine the impact of the pandemic (as excess mortality) on the regional socio-economic development in 2020. Based on a quantitative and qualitative model, the study explains the process of coronavirus diffusion at the regional level, using information from foreign publications, Russian regional statistics and a database of legal documents «Consultant +». The concept of spatial diffusion, developed in the 1950s-1980s, was chosen as the research methodology. The study methods include a cartographic analysis of the monthly dynamics of coronavirus spread in Russian regions and regression analysis of regional differences in excess mortality regarding the most significant explanatory variables. The developed regression model explains the spread of Covid-19 across Russian regions in 2020, while the proposed qualitative model «network-place-scaling» describes the spatial diffusion of the virus. The conducted analysis confirmed the relationship between the spread of the virus and economic specialisation of regions. Simultaneously, such widely discussed factors as physical density, urbanisation level and per capita income did not show significant correlation with excess mortality. The study revealed the following results. There is a significant discrepancy between the actual situation in Russian regions and expected developments according to the simplified centre-periphery model. The important regression variables, explaining the interregional differences in excess mortality in 2020, include the share of employed in contact-intensive wholesale and retail trade and manufacturing (large production teams); proportion of the population over 65; the number of retail facilities per 1000 people. The qualitative model «network-place-scaling» was deemed suitable for explaining the mechanisms of the spread of coronavirus in Russian regions. Future studies should focus on examining the mechanisms and socio-economic consequences of the pandemic at the municipal level of large cities and urban agglomerations in Russia.

Вклад В.А. Пуляркина в отечественную географическую науку: к 90-летию со дня рождения

V.A. Pulyarkin belongs to the bright scientists of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was one of those who saved Russian country studies from degradation in the Soviet era, directing it to the mainstream of problematic country studies. He was interested in the civilizations of Asia, the problems of agricultural development in developing countries, global problems of humanity, not only for the comprehension of geographical picture of the World. Pulyarkin looked at the World both as a geographer and as a philosopher, seeing in the East the main thing—the search for the foundations of the Universe. Pulyarkin was a staunch supporter of a unified geography. All his works are based on the trinity of nature, population, and economy. He was one of the first to consider the combination of special natural conditions in low latitudes with the relative economic backwardness of the South in the framework of the centre-periphery model, which has now become classic for world economic managers.

Diplomats in Science Diplomacy: Promoting Scientific and Technological Collaboration in International Relations**

Diplomats in Science Diplomacy: Promoting Scientific and Technological Collaboration in International Relations**

Landscape and Climate Influence the Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding in Cerrado Plant Species

The anthropization of the landscape of the Cerrado biome that has occurred over the past few decades has fragmented its natural environments, impacting the connectivity of the plant populations and altering their gene flow. Plant species may also reduce population size in response to sub-optimal climatic and environmental conditions, and observed distribution patterns may align with theoretical schemes, such as the center–periphery model, that is, it is possible that populations on the edge have lower genetic diversity than center populations, theoretically submitted to environmental conditions closer to the optimum. In this context, we evaluate whether the genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients of Cerrado plant species are affected by landscape features and climate characteristics, and in particular, if the distribution of the genetic diversity of these plants is consistent with the center–periphery model. To do this, we conducted a literature search for genetic studies of Cerrado plant populations using Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases and the species found were used as a proxy to explore patterns throughout the biome. The data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and multiple matrix regressions (MMRRs) to evaluate the effects of landscape features and climatic variables on the observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE), allelic richness (AR) and inbreeding (Fis) patterns of the local populations. The landscape was evaluated in terms of the percentage land cover of agriculture (AG), forestry (FO), remnant vegetation (RV), urban areas (UA), pasture (PA), and water (WA) within buffers of 1 km, 3 km, and 5 km around the study populations. We analyzed 121 populations of 31 plant species. The GLMMs showed that HO was affected by FO regardless of buffer size, while HE was also affected by FO, but also by WA and UA. AR was affected by WA and UA in all three buffer zones while the Fis was affected by FO and AU. The MMRRs showed that WA may affect HO, HE, and Fis within the 1 km buffer, while FO affects HO and UA affects AR within the 5 km buffer. In the case of the 1 km and 3 km buffers, however, the geographic distance between populations was identified as a factor determining the genetic diversity and inbreeding indices, indicating that isolation by distance may be an important factor defining the breeding patterns of the Cerrado plant populations. The GLMMs and MMRRs also showed that the mean annual temperature (MAT) and, to a lesser extent, isothermality (ISO) can explain the variation in genetic diversity observed in the Cerrado plant populations. We also found that the center–periphery model fits the distribution pattern observed in most of the species evaluated, including Annona crassiflora,Annona coriacea, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Eugenia dysenterica. Our results indicate that changes in the climate and the landscape of Brazilian Cerrado must be considered carefully to guarantee minimizing the impacts of these processes on the genetic diversity of Cerrado plant species and ensuring the long-term conservation of these species in this biome.

Transformações na produção da periferia: o caso de Itaquera e o Conjunto Habitacional José Bonifácio

O artigo busca resgatar o processo de transformações socioespaciais na área que corresponde à Subprefeitura de Itaquera, na cidade de São Paulo, comparando sua centralidade (distrito de Itaquera) com o Conjunto Habitacional José Bonifácio (distrito de José Bonifácio). Para tanto, analisam-se dois ciclos da construção imobiliária: o período de 1970 a 1985, quando foi realizado o projeto dos conjuntos habitacionais do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento na região, por meio da Cohab-SP; e o de 2000 a 2015, intervalo em que foram implementadas infraestruturas, serviços e também investimentos imobiliários em razão da construção da Arena Corinthians no contexto da Copa do Mundo de Futebol. O intuito é demonstrar como o modelo centro-periferia, tradicional na interpretação sobre as cidades latino-americanas, não se aplica ao movimento de continuidades e descontinuidades da região em estudo.
 

Demographic Resilience in Local Systems: An Empirical Approach with Census Data

This study estimates demographic resilience in local socioeconomic systems of Southern Europe using long-term population dynamics. We assume attractive places with a continuously expanding (resident) population as ‘demographically resilient’, and locations experiencing a persistent decline of population as more fragile to external shocks. Based on these premises, a comprehensive assessment of demographic resilience in more than 1000 municipalities along the urban–rural gradient in Greece, a Mediterranean country with marked regional disparities, was carried out between 1961 and 2011. Municipalities were considered representative of homogeneous local communities, especially in rural areas. The results of non-parametric correlations suggest how basic geographical gradients (coastal–inland and urban–rural) have significantly influenced the demographic resilience of Greek municipalities. These findings outline two contrasting spatial patterns that reflect (i) continuous expansion of peri-urban local communities and (ii) a particularly intense rural shrinkage, linking depopulation to land abandonment and scarce accessibility of inland districts. While long-term population growth in Greece has progressively re-shaped the intrinsic divide in urban and rural areas, the traditional gap in central and peripheral districts is still reflected in the spatial polarization between the ‘demographically resilient’, socially dynamic coastal locations and the ‘demographically fragile’ inland, economically marginal places. These results indicate the persistence of a center–periphery model characterizing long-term settlement expansion in Greece, with spatial patterns delineating ‘resilient’ and ‘fragile’ districts based essentially on infrastructures, accessibility, and amenities.

THEORETICAL APPROACHES FOR CENTER-PERIPHERY RELATIONS: INTERDISCIPLINARY DISCOURSE

Historical origins of the research of center-periphery relations were outlined in the article. Dualism “center-periphery” is a spatial metaphor that is used to describe and explain the unequal distribution of resources, the heterogeneity and divergence of the development of some territories. Generally, the center is economically, culturally, politically developed, while the periphery lags behind and is located outside center border. Different types of center-periphery systems at macro-, meso- or micro levels were emphasized. Foreign approaches and theories underpinning the center-periphery model such as theory of economic growth, dependency theory, world-system theory, structural theory of imperialism, growth poles theory, central place theory, the new economic geography were characterized. The factors that underlie the division into “center” and “periphery” (innovation and technology, export-import structure, location of industrial enterprises, distribution of administrative functions, etc.) were summarized according to foregoing theories. The effects that occur as a result of center-periphery relations in particular the domination and communication effects, information, psychological, modernization, production as well as “backwash” and “spread” effects were described. The center and the periphery are characterized by dependency relations that can be economic, political, cultural and other. Different mechanisms such as exploitation through repatriation, elite complicity, structural distortion, market vulnerability through which dependency induces underdevelopment of periphery were outlined. It has been stated that the socio-cultural approach proposes to move away from the interpretation of the “periphery” as economically backward territory and emphasize on the culture, as source of national and regional traditions, local way of life. In recent years, the concept of “polycentricity” has been emerged. Polycentric governance systems are the subject of interdisciplinary research, especially common in the studies of public administration and in commons scholarship concerning the governance of natural resources. Polycentricity plays an important role in EU Cohesion Policy. Prospects of future research of the center-periphery relations in the region under the condition of administrative-financial decentralization in Ukraine were outlined.

Patchwork States: The Localization of State Territoriality on the South Sudan–Uganda Border, 1914–2014*

Abstract This paper takes a localized conflict over a non-demarcated stretch of the Uganda–South Sudan boundary in 2014 as a starting point for examining the history of territorial state formation on either side of this border since its colonial creation in 1914. It argues that the conflict was an outcome of the long-term constitution of local government territories as patches of the state, making the international border simultaneously a boundary of the local state. Some scholars have seen the limited control of central governments over their borderlands and the intensification of local territorialities as signs of African state fragmentation and failure. But the article argues that this local territoriality should instead be seen as an outcome of ongoing state-formation processes in which state territory has been co-produced through local engagement and appropriation. The paper is thus of wider relevance beyond African or postcolonial history, firstly in contributing a spatial approach to studies of state formation which have sought to replace centre–periphery models with an emphasis on the centrality of the local state. Secondly it advances the broader field of borderlands studies by arguing that international boundaries have been shaped by processes of internal territorialisation as well as by the specific dynamics of cross-border relations and governance. Thirdly it advocates a historical and processual approach to understanding territory, arguing that the patchwork of these states has been fabricated and reworked over the past century, entangling multiple, changing forms and scales of territory in the ongoing constitution of state boundaries.

Ecological macroeconomics in the open economy: Sustainability, unequal exchange and policy coordination in a center-periphery model

This article introduces a novel (environmental) interpretation of a “Keynesian coordination game” and develops four potential scenarios to remaining within a global carbon emissions constraint. With inspiration from research on “ecologically unequal exchange” (EUE), we demonstrate the drawbacks of present “green growth” strategies by considering how pollution- and resource-intensive industries are distributed unevenly in the world economy, with large and increasing negative impacts on the periphery. The situation may only be exacerbated if the reduction of emissions in the center is based on shifting heavy industries and extractive enterprises to low-cost producers in the periphery. In this way, existing research likely overemphasizes the capacity of “green” investment policy to achieve sustainable outcomes. Our scenarios show that achieving global sustainability and improving global equity will require an impressive level of coordination between the center and periphery, as well as a significant reduction in the rate of growth (“degrowth”) in the center.

Assembling the Tropics: Science and Medicine in Portugal's Empire, 1450–1700

The history of science in the early modern Iberian world is a blooming field. The recent decades have provided excellent contributions in English from historians based in both US and European universities and research centers, not to mention myriad studies authored by scholars based in the Iberian Peninsula, who usually publish in their own languages. As in many other areas of history, the Portuguese side of this story is often the poor cousin. This is especially true for the subject of colonial medicine prior to the nineteenth century, which is what Assembling the Tropics primarily covers; hence a reason, among many others, to welcome Hugh Cagle's first book. We have substantive studies for Dutch and British colonial medicine, but the Portuguese empire has lacked so far an all-encompassing, argumentative study, despite the solid work produced by several historians, especially Timothy Walker.Written at the crossroads of various fields, Assembling the Tropics makes an artful use of the available primary sources and displays mastery of the relevant literature for different cultural zones of the early modern world. The book covers more than two centuries, from the mid-1550s to the late 1770s, and takes the reader successively from sub-Saharan Africa (chapter 2) to the Indian Ocean world (chapters 3 to 5) and the South Atlantic (chapters 6 to 8). Cagle's purpose and research agenda are clearly presented in the first chapter of the book and recalled in its epilogue: the author seeks to investigate “distinctive cultures of inquiry” in the Portuguese empire concerning nature and disease in order to understand developments on the ground, “in each theater of colonial engagement,” and therefore “to reorient and pluralize the history of early modern science” (p. 309).In so doing, Cagle rightly refuses a teleological (often-nationalistic) view of early modern Portuguese science, which is invariably associated with the rise of modernity and the historiographically controversial scientific revolution. He likewise questions the centrality of Lisbon and the metropole while giving room to medicinal developments on the ground, be it in South Asia or the South Atlantic. Needless to note, this exercise of relocation is incompatible with the diffusionist paradigm or the center-periphery model. Alternatively, such relocation implies strong engagement with a historiographical current, very much in vogue, that underlines the importance of movement and circulation, porosity and fluidity, and entanglements and connections. Finally, Cagle embraces a holistic view of the Portuguese empire; instead of spatially segmenting his work, he pays equal attention to the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean settings as well as to the intriguing intertropical phenomena at stake.Assembling the Tropics brings into play a plethora of figures, texts, places, and practices. Jesuit missionaries and obscure native practitioners—the embodiment of relocated expertise—populate this work. It is clear, though, that the Asian section of the book is dominated by Garcia de Orta and his Colóquios dos simples, e drogas e cousas medicinais da India (published in Goa in 1563), while the book's Atlantic section is molded by Aleixo de Abreu's Tratado de las siete enfermedades (published in Lisbon in 1623) and Ambrósio Fernandes Brandão's Diálogos das grandezas do Brasil (written in 1618). These are chapters of impeccable scholarship, but it might be problematic to rely on a handful of authors and materials in order to demonstrate—without, somewhat ironically, being able to avoid a certain teleological stance—how the tropics were fully assembled by the late seventeenth century; this leaves the impression that Cagle's arguments and evidence are sometimes stretched too far.On the other hand, if the emphasis is put on “proliferating centers and cosmopolitan colonies,” then we need to take the argument a step further (p. 16). What about scholarly medicinal conversations across the Iberian empires, with cities like Mexico City, Lima, and Manila probably taking an active role? (Abreu's Tratado was written in Castilian, and one wonders what its readership was in colonial Spanish America.) Were there numerous, even if tense, scientific interactions with the Dutch in both oceans? (Cagle hardly mentions Willem Piso and Jacobus Bontius.) And why should East Asia be excluded from the Indian Ocean world when we know that Macao and Nagasaki were the locus of significant hybrid medical experiments in this period? The author favors the study of human entanglements but indirectly contributes to compartmentalizing the subject matter.Despite these shortcomings, Assembling the Tropics constitutes an excellent and much-needed scholarly endeavor written in a clear and engaging style. Cagle's work is geared toward historians and students of the Portuguese empire and the history of science (namely medicine) in early modern times but certainly has the potential to attract a much wider audience.

From Centre-Periphery Models to Textured Urban Landscapes: Comparative Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa

The role of peripheries and satellite settlements around ancient cities is a critical issue in understanding past urban phenomena. The relations between core urban centres and other settlements hav...

The Technological Indian by Ross Bassett

Reviewed by: The Technological Indian by Ross Bassett Amit Prasad (bio) The Technological Indian. By Ross Bassett. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. Pp. 400. Paperback $39.95. Ross Bassett’s The Technological Indian is a fascinating history of a group of engineers in colonial and postcolonial India. Bassett, through a careful excavation of the biographies of Indian engineers who had received their degrees at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), sheds light not only on the role of these engineers. He uses the biographies of these engineers to present the complex and shifting entanglements of engineers/engineering with the socio-political imaginary of India. In a significant way, The Technological Indian is a counter history to the Orientalist construction of Hindus and India as “not a mechanical race.” The book starts with an 1884 speech by M. M. Kunte, the headmaster of the Poona High School, in which Kunte exhorts a group of middle-class Hindus that “there is no option but to follow and spread widely the art of mechanization” (p. 1). Kunte’s proclamation, as Bassett shows, cannot be seen in isolation. It, for example, coincided with Mahratta, a Poona-based English language newspaper that was started by the Indian nationalist leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak, publishing a “three-part series under the title ‘Model Institute of Technology’” (p. 13). Mahratta called industrialization “India’s greatest need” (p. 15) and compared the British and American systems of technical [End Page 354] education. It also celebrated “the masterly regulations of the great Massachusetts of Technology” (p. 13). Two years before Mahratta’s celebration of the MIT, the first Indian attended “MIT in 1882” (p. 4). These historical events, Bassett argues, reflected a broader shift in the Indian social imaginary. Mahratta and the Marathi-language Kesari (another newspaper run by Tilak), for example, commonly “framed news in global rather than a colony-metropole perspective” (p. 15). Indeed, as Bassett shows in chapter 1, “the Indian discovery of America” was, at one level, rooted in the frustration of educated Indians towards British colonial government’s endorsement of the status quo with regard to technical/engineering education in India. The United States was not the dominant global power at that time and MIT was still in its infancy. Indians seeking and obtaining degrees at MIT thus reflected an international view that was not dependent upon colonial-metropole perspective. As such, Bassett’s focus on Indian engineers trained at the MIT represents a historiographic move that takes us beyond center-periphery models of history. The first Indian to attend MIT, Keshav Bhat, according to Bassett, was more interested in learning “a specific skill, rather than master a discipline,” and this may have been prompted by the fact that MIT at that time did not have a “formal program in textiles or textiles chemistry” (p. 39). Studying at MIT, however, was not straightforward. Along with issues of funding for the education, Indians had to contend with the socio-political situation in India as well as the United States. In the United States, the restrictions on Asians that started with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and encompassed all Asians beginning in 1917 must have had a profound effect on Indians (we do not get a very good picture of the impact of shifting U.S. racial politics on Indians in the book, except for some snippets). In the context of India, Bassett deftly presents the tensions of the Indians seeking degrees at the MIT. These tensions were most starkly visible among Gandhians such as T. M. Shah, who, as Bassett points out, “had perfect Gandhian credentials” (p. 108), and Bal Kelkar, who, as Gandhi wrote, “was brought up under my hands” (p. 134, see chapter 4 for details). Although “its exact meaning was different in MIT and the Satyagraha Ashram [of Gandhi],” Bassett writes that the term “self-reliance” “had similar resonances” in both places (p. 118). However, straddling the different social worlds of the United States and India, MIT-trained Gandhian engineers expressed self-reliance in vastly different ways. For T. M. Shah an important early concern, which was expressed in relation to his family, was that self-reliance should be limited to...

PATTERNS OF URBAN FIRE OCCURENCE IN IASI CITY (ROMANIA)

Fire incidents are a problem of major importance for cities, as they affect the lives of a large population and produce significant material damages. Assessing the temporal and spatial distribution of fires is an important stage in order to efficiently manage this issue. Using a comprehensive database for a five year period, the present study tries to identify certain patterns and specificities by analyzing the occurrence of urban fires, grouped by their main causes and damages, at different time scale and integrating the information from street level to urban district and, finally, at city level. The spatial distribution of the number of fires follows the center-periphery model, overlapping the neighborhoods with multiple functions (residential, administrative and cultural). The industrial area also concentrates a bigger number of fires, these brownfields being used by homeless population which make use of garbage as fire material. Applying the location quotient was an opportunity to highlight cross-scale the concentration of fires and revealed that the neighborhoods located at the periphery are more vulnerable to fires. The results can be used for further, more comprehensive studies of urban fire risk assessment and can also became the basis for (re)configuring the emergency services, in particular, and urban planning, in general.

Teoria systemów-światów Immanuela Wallersteina i jej recepcja w archeologii: część III – okres wpływów rzymskich

Immanuel Wallerstein’s centre-periphery model lies at the root of many archaeological studies, particularly studies of romanisation. One of them has been an article written by Peter S. Wells, but we have also studies done by Richard Higley concerning Roman Britain, Susan Frankenstein and Michael Rowland concerning the social hierarchy in Roman Germany. Actually several archaeologists tried to study these topic according to the Wallerstein’s world-systems theory. We can observe that the application of the theory into archaeology has always very important heuristic value.

Recentering the Peripheral: An Event-Based Ecocritical Methodology for World Literature

AbstractThis article presents an original methodology of world literature that draws upon ecocritical thought to rescale and recenter literary networks. Working particularly to unsettle the center-periphery model of world systems theory, an ecocritical study of world literature turns to more-than-human scales and forces. It asks that we take our cues from world-shattering or world-shaping ecological events and work outward to track how these events influence cultural and literary life across national, regional, imperial, and even planetary boundaries. After proposing assemblage as a primary technique for conducting an event-based literary study, the article demonstrates this methodology in a culminating analysis of literary representations, through various genres and forms, of the 1883 Krakatoa volcanic eruption.

Change models and strategies in the context of managing curriculum change: A case study of managing curriculum Year Four History Curriculum in the district of Kuala Selangor, Malaysia

This article is based on a case study of the management of curriculum change in primary schools. This was done by analyzing the management of curriculum change brought about by the introduction the History curriculum for the Year Four Primary Schools Standard-Based Curriculum. This instrumental case study employed a descriptive- interpretative approach grounded in the qualitative research tradition. Data was collected through analysis of documents, in-depth semi-structured interviews and the direct observations of teaching and learning of History lessons. It was located within the context of eight selected schools. A total of twenty eight participants (8 History teachers, 8 senior curriculum assistants, 8 headmasters, 1 National Trainer and 3 officers from Curriculum Development Division, State Education Department and District Education were interviewed. The process and procedures in managing curriculum change were analyzed in the context of characteristic of Havelock’s model, Schon’s models and Bennis, Benne and Chin’s innovation strategy. The findings showed that the central agency did predominantly use Havelock’s (1971) Research, Development & Diffusion model coupled with Schon’s (1971) Centre Periphery Model and Bennis et al.(1969) power-coercive strategy. However, the overall analysis showed that empirical rational and normative re-educative strategies were less practiced in managing the curriculum change.

Model Rokkana-Urwina w analizie relacji centro-peryferyjnych

In this article I examine Rokkan-Urwin centre-periphery model, which is used to analysis of interstate relations. This model, developed in the 70s has been used to describe and explain interregional differences and inequalities. Point of departure of Rokkan and Urwin was the analysis of regional potential. Final aim was to focus on political mobilization in different regions in the context of the local policies. My paper changes the level of analysis into interstate relations. My aim is to identify the processes of peripheralization of regions and states in Europe and to answer the question of ability to overcome peripheral status in the international system.

The Impact of Geopolitical Risks on Tourism

Tourism is considered an opportunity for ensuring sustainable growth and reducing economic gaps for many less developed countries and regions. Being one of the most dynamics industries, tourism proves to be strongly resilient, with a high level of involvement and multiplication for receiver economies. The multiplication potential is, however, dependent upon a series of factors (endogenous and exogenous), insufficiently analysed in the literature, and the impact on growth and convergence is controversial. This paper aims to bring additional insights from this perspective, the main purpose of the research being to identify the macroeconomic determinants responsible for the higher values of the tourism multiplier effect and to highlight the potential of this industry to reduce the disparities between the economies of the European Union EU. Using the Stepwise regression and a series of indicators that associate the economic, social and spatial dimensions of European tourism, the main determinants of multiplier effects (on GDP and job creation) are identified and, then, the processes of multiplication from the perspective of centre-periphery dynamics are analysed. The research results indicated that tourism development in the Union reflects a centre-periphery model and has a high potential for contributing to reducing intra-EU disparities.

Rethinking the center-periphery model: Dimensions and temporalities of macro-structure in a global field of cultural production

A central question in the culture and globalization debate has been how global transformations affect center-periphery hierarchies among countries in realms of cultural production. However, hitherto scholarship has tended to approach the center-periphery distinction in unitary terms. This article extends Bourdieu’s model of a dual economy in cultural fields to develop a framework of different types and dimensions of country hierarchies. Taking the contemporary visual arts as a case, it demonstrates that linking the dual economy model with the conceptualization of center-periphery hierarchies offers a more fine-grained lens to examine some of their dynamics. Comparing the evolution of hierarchies among countries in the global auction market and global art exhibition space, the article reveals how center-periphery configurations at the commercial and specific cultural pole of an emerging global field diverge. They follow systematically different patterns and temporalities: whereas the auction market exhibits rapid changes—particularly with the rise of China—, culturally based asymmetries in the global exhibition space are marked by slower transformations along generational cycles of longue durée. Although the findings are unique to contemporary art, they indicate that extending Bourdieu’s theory may offer tools to go beyond monolithic center-periphery models in cross-border cultural production. It allows to account for the multidimensionality of macrolevel hierarchies as well as their varying logics of change.

Desigualdades habitacionais no “repovoamento” do centro expandido do município de São Paulo

Resumo O presente artigo discute o tão almejado “repovoamento” do centro expandido do município de São Paulo, ocorrido entre os anos 2000 e 2010 e impulsionado pela lógica mercantil vigente na urbanização capitalista. Analisa os dados relativos à produção imobiliária voltada para compradores de média e alta renda em detrimento das demandas da população de baixa renda. Esta última se insere nas tendências de “repovoamento” buscando acessar moradias em cômodos, cortiços e assentamentos precários. Ademais, o artigo mostra que, a despeito do “repovoamento” e da inversão demográfica ocorrida no centro expandido paulistano, houve a persistência do crescimento populacional na periferia, embora em ritmo lento, mantendo os níveis de desigualdades de renda domiciliar que marcam o modelo centro-periferia.