Cement Brick Research Articles

Utilisation of cement brick waste as low cost adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of copper, nickel and iron from aqueous solution: Batch and column studies

The pollution of surface and groundwater by heavy metals from industrial effluents is of great concern to the environment. In this study, the adsorptive removal of iron, nickel, and copper from the aqueous solution was investigated through batch and fixed-bed column mode using Cement Brick Waste (CBW) as an adsorbent with particle size in the range between 0.6 and 1.18 mm in diameter. The chemical and physical characterisation of media was conducted through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD pattern showed the presence of both amorphous and crystalline phases before and after adsorption, and no notable changes were observed as the patterns were similar. The experimental maximum adsorption capacities were 3.953, 3.937 and 3.938 mgg−1 media copper, iron, and nickel ions achieved with an adsorbent dosage of 5.0 g/100 mL. The pH 4 was optimum with adsorption capacities of 8.5, 8.7 and 5.6 mg g-1 media were observed for copper, iron, and nickel ions, respectively. The adsorption process was best described by the Pseudo Second Order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting that both chemisorption and physisorption occurred and the adsorbent was heterogeneous. Thermodynamic studies have shown the process to be exothermic. Reusability studies revealed that CBW adsorption capacity decreased with each regeneration cycle. The results analysis of the column studies showed less removal of Nickel as compared to other heavy metals. The Yoon-Nelson kinetic model best describes the adsorption process. In addition, the results analysis shows that CBW can be used as an effective adsorbent to remove iron, copper and nickel from aqueous solutions, but there is a need to consider further studies using real wastewater.

Archaeo-Geophysical Investigation of Simulated Settlement: Case Study in a Part of Basement Complex of Nigeria

We have used the 2D Vertical Electrical Sounding method and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method to map buried artifacts in a simulated settlement, and have shown how the geographical information system could aid future research. Stones, bones, metals, cement bricks, and cement-and-sand mixtures were locally constructed to fit into an African-archaeological setting. Parameters such as the materials’ composition, width, electrical resistivity, height, age, and depth of burial were taken into account before this investigation. The integrated methods employed collected data over the study area along with a pre-calculated dense network of parallel profiles. A total of eight (8) VES points and six (6) ERT profiles were obtained. The analysis and interpretation revealed that the VES yielded poor resolution for small-scale archaeological anomalies and could only be used fractionally for prospection whilst the ERT results were more suitable for delineation due to the high spatial resolution they provided. The field values correlated with other literature values. This research suggests that rapid significant prospection information, of any area under investigation, can easily be obtained from Google Earth time-lapse images and that its results will serve as a thorough reconnaissance in the search of prehistoric activities.

A Review of Strength Performance of Empty Fruit Bunch as Replacement Material in Building Structures

Recently, eco-friendly construction has become a hot topic. One of the concepts’ alternatives is the use of green natural resources. The oil palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is a byproduct of the oil plantation, and its improper disposal can have a detrimental influence on the environment. Agricultural waste can be used as a replacement material in concrete, which is known as modified concrete. The material performance of modified concrete with partial waste material replacement must be comparable to that of ordinary concrete. As a result, the use of raw resources will be reduced indirectly, and the material will become a more sustainable construction material. This study presents the utilization of EFB natural fibre as an alternative building material. It demonstrates that research into employing EFB as alternative replacement material in concrete has yet to be discovered. EFB was primarily used to manufacture cement board, roof insulation, and cement bricks, among other things. As a result, future research should focus on expanding the use of these by-products in the building industry. Further research into the process of generating cost-effective adoption applications will be examined to build a sustainable environment by lowering negative environmental impact.

Preliminary Study of Sago Fine Waste as a Sand Replacement Material for Cement Brick

This paper presented a preliminary results of utilization sago fine waste as a sand replacement material for cement bricks. Sago waste is a by-product of the extraction of sago starch. Usually, the bark is not utilized for other products and being dumped directly into the rivers or left for natural degradation. About 32,250 tons of sago bark waste annually. Sand however usually obtained by using machinery at the riverbank which greatly contribute to damaging the ecosystem of the river and contributing to global warming. For environmental protection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on the production of bricks from waste materials. The replacement percentage of SFW are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% with water content of 50% and 60%. Density, water absorption and compressive strength are the properties that have been investigated. From the results obtained, both density and compressive strength are decreasing as the percentages of SFW increasing. On the other hand, from the data of water absorption it was found that the percentage of water absorption of brick was increased correspond to the increasing percentages of the SFW. Based on the findings, the optimum brick properties are SFW1W0.6 with the strength 5.18 MPa that can be used as non-load bearing bricks and the optimum percentage of water absorption is at 13.33%. From this study, it was found that the replacement of sand by SFW give a significant impact on density, strength, and water absorption performance of concrete brick.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ВЯЖУЩИХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ СОСТАВОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОРТЛАНДЦЕМЕНТА И ОТХОДОВ БОЯ КЕРАМИЧЕСКОГО КИРПИЧА

When developing composite binders of a certain functional purpose, it is necessary to rationally select raw materials, taking into account their chemical, mineral and granulometric composition. The use of mechanical activation with the choice of the most suitable grinding unit affects the creation of binder compositions, the functional additives used have a significant impact on the properties of composite binders.
 The article presents the results of obtaining binder compositions of optimal composition based on Portland cement and broken ceramic bricks. Experimental studies of the granulometric composition have been carried out, the results of tests of binder compositions of the compositions: cement – broken ceramic bricks prepared in a mill are given. Compositions of binder compositions with a wide range of use of ceramic cullet waste – brick production waste have been developed and installed.
 Using the method of electron microscopy, the features of the microstructure of chips of cement stones synthesized on the basis of Portland cement and various content of mineral filler – ceramic brick slaughter waste, mechanically activated in a vibration mill, were studied. It is noted that the open pores of cement stone chips, synthesized binders, are densely overgrown with various neoplasms of various sizes.
 It has been established that the microstructure of hydrated binder compositions is marked by a dense structure due to the use of powdered brick cullet, which compact the structure of the composite, and it is also noted that grains of calcium hydrosilicates grow on the mineral particles of the filler, compacting the overall structure of the composite.

Optimisation of mixed proportion for cement brick containing plastic waste using response surface methodology (RSM)

Optimisation of mixed proportion for cement brick containing plastic waste using response surface methodology (RSM)

A Sustainable Reuse of Agro-Industrial Wastes into Green Cement Bricks.

The fabrication of bricks commonly consumes relatively high natural resources. To reduce the carbon footprint in the brick production industry, repurposing industrial wastes in the making of sustainable bricks is a recent trend in research and application. Local wastes, such as oil palm shell (OPS), palm oil fuel ash (POFA), and quarry dust (QD), are massively produced annually in the palm oil-exporting countries. Moreover, QD from mining industries is hazardous to both water and air quality. For better waste management in marching towards sustainability, these wastes should be given their second life as construction materials. Therefore, this paper investigates the possibility of incorporating agro-industrial wastes into the brick mixture by examining their properties by means of several standardized tests. For the mix design, a 100% replacement of coarse aggregate with OPS, 20% replacement of cement with POFA, 20% cement weight of limestone as admixture, and 0 to 50% replacements of fine aggregate with QD are experimentally considered. The optimum mix of these wastes is preliminarily determined by focusing on high compressive strength as an indicator. Other examinations include splitting tensile, flexural strength, water absorption, and efflorescence tests. Although the agro-industrial waste cement brick is 18% lower in the strength to weight ratio compared to that of conventional, it is observed that it has better late strength development due to its POFA pozzolanic properties. Moreover, the proposed green cement brick is further checked for compliance with several standards for feasible use in the construction industry. Financially, the cost for the brick with the new mix design is almost equivalent to that of conventional. Hence, this green cement brick is reasonable to be employed in the construction industry to promote material sustainability for better waste management.

Alkali-Activated Red Mud and Construction and Demolition Waste-Based Components: Characterization and Environmental Assessment.

The aluminum Bayer production process is the most diffused process in the world, but it creates a high amount of basic waste material known as red mud (RM). The use of RM as a precursor of alkali-activated materials is one of the best opportunities for both the ecosystem and the economy. In the present work, mortar samples were obtained by alkali activation of RM with various percentages of blast-furnace slag (BFS) and inert construction and demolition sands. This process creates samples that have a low environmental impact and that can be used as an alternative in the construction industry to cement materials or ceramic ones. The development of these new materials could also represent a way to reduce the CO2 emissions linked to cement and ceramic brick production. In the present study, cubic 40 mm samples reported very interesting values in compressive strength, with a maximum of about 70 MPa for low environmental impact mortars. With such a material, it is possible to create solid bricks for structural use and concrete tiles for road paving or use it for other purposes. Mortar specimens were prepared and characterized, and an LCA analysis with a “cradle-to-gate” approach was carried out for a comparison of the environmental impact of the studied mortars with other materials currently marketed.

Colloidal Nanosilica Effect on the Properties and Durability of Coir Reinforced Cement Brick

The impact of nanosilica on the properties and microstructure of cement-based products has lately attracted a lot of attention. The effects of colloidal nanosilica (CNS) at different concentrations on the hydration process and performance of cement-based composites reinforced with coconut coir were examined in this study. CNS was applied at concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight of cement, respectively. The samples were evaluated in terms of flexural test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) after 7, 28, and 60 days of curing. Flexural strength improved by 13%, 11%, and 23% in the presence of CNS after 7, 28, and 60 days of hydration, respectively, as compared to the samples without CNS addition. The highest flexural strength was reported in samples containing 4% CNS. Beyond this, flexural strength decreases noticeably owing to the presence of too much nanosilica, which repressed the hydration process. The predominant causes of sample failure appear to be fiber breakage and fiber pull-out. In the sample containing 4% CNS, a dense structure was seen. The fibers had a strong bond with the matrix, showing that fiber/matrix bonding was improved. CNS served as a pozzolanic reaction promoter, converting CH to C-S-H, and a filler to improve cement microstructure. The CH content decreased when CNS was added, while the C-S-H gels increased.

The Study of Ranong Metakaolin-Based Porous Geopolymers as Insulating Materials for Construction

An increased concern of global warming has driven an increased demand of thermal-insulating materials, particularly in a construction industry. Traditional thermal-insulating construction materials are porous ceramic and light-weight cement brick which have high porosity and heat resistance. However, the manufacturing of cement is a major carbon dioxide (CO2) emission as it has been reported that 0.73-0.85 tons of CO2 were released from every single ton of cement production. Geopolymer is one of the alternatives to replace the cement-based materials. The present study aims to improve the properties of Ranong metakaolin-based porous geopolymers prepared by mixing the metakaolin in an alkaline activator at a weight ratio of metakaolin: activator of 55:45. A 3-μm Al powder employed as pore former was added into the geopolymer mixtures, and the samples were cured at 27-60°C for 24 h followed by aging at room temperature for 28 days. The addition of 0.1-0.4 wt.% Al powder resulted in porous structures having bulk densities in a range of 0.58-0.93 g/cm3, thermal conductivities in a range of 0.172-0.390 W/m∙K and compressive strengths in a range of 3.1-22.4 MPa. The properties of the fabricated porous geopolymers satisfy the TIS 1510-2541 standard and the CIBSE Guide A, indicating potential application as green thermal-insulating materials for building and construction.

Compressive Strength of Concrete Bricks with Recycled Concrete Sludge Waste

Owing to the inability of waste concrete to be recycled, unlike aluminium or glass, it is one of the most harmful substances to the environment. Thus, most of the waste concrete was poured in every available space, resulting in environmental contamination due to the chemical content of the waste concrete. This involves the fabrication and characterization of cement bricks’ compressive strength made from concrete sludge waste in order to investigate the feasibility of re using waste concrete. The concrete waste was to substitute the cement composition within the bricks. The composition of cement and waste concrete is varied to investigate effect of its compressive strength and its microstructure. In general, the optimal formulation is 100 wt % cement and 0 wt % waste, with a compressive strength of up to 12 MPa on average. Increasing the waste composition by 50% reduces the compressive strength of the concrete bricks to 2MPa which limiting the range of application suitable with its properties.

PERFORMANCE AND PROPERTIES OF ECO-FRIENDLY CEMENT BRICKS ADDED WITH POLYESTER FABRIC WASTES

With brick a common construction material, there is a shortage of sources for making bricks. Fabric wastes can serve as replacement for a portion of brick aggregates both for practicality and sustainability. This is especially since the fashion industry has been known to contribute to negative environmental impacts. This paper describes the materials and methods as well as properties of eco-friendly cement bricks added with polyester fabric wastes. The eco-friendly bricks were compared to traditional cement bricks in terms of physical and mechanical properties. Traditional bricks were prepared at a ratio of 1:5 of cement to sand while eco-friendly bricks were prepared at a ratio of 1:5:1 of cement to sand to fabric wastes. All the methods used in this study were based on the standards set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM, 2006). Statistical analysis using t-test revealed that both bricks were comparable in terms of physical properties of mass (kg) (t=1.780, p=0.086), bulk density (kg/m3) (t=1.780, p=0.086), and water absorption percentage (%) (t=–0.336, p=0.740) as well as mechanical properties of maximum load (kN) (t=1.000, p=0.326) and compressive strength (Mpa) (t=1.000, p=0.326) with results having no significant differences in their means. In terms of cost, eco-friendly bricks are cheaper by Php 3.00 than traditional bricks. Eco-friendly cement bricks added with polyester fabric wastes can therefore serve as a viable alternative for traditional bricks. Additional testing such as in situ testing can be conducted to determine practical applications of the eco-friendly bricks added with fabric wastes in non-load bearing walls for instance.

Investigating compressive strength of building blocks for varying content of marble dust and rice husk

An investigation was performed using soil compacted masonry bricks that have been manufactured by combining marble dust particles (MDP) and rice husk (RH). Marble dust is a byproduct of the manufacturing of marble rocks. Additionally, a little amount of rice husk (RH), a fibrous substance which is also a bio-waste material obtained from rice processing mills, was utilized to make the masonry bricks. Typically, the trash employed in this research harm the environment and generates recycling issues. Unlike red bricks and cement bricks, which necessitate pre-treatment and additional water requirement, marble powder stabilized masonry blocks require merely solar drying, resulting in less carbon emissions and water conservation. Attributed to the prevalence of calcium in the MDP, increasing the MDP percentage in the blocks leads in an enhancement in compression strength. Additionally, it boosts the block's dry density, as MDP could not intake moisture and may readily plug the gaps left by the soil and rice husk. Rice husk percentage was modulated between 0.5 and 1.0 percent, and 2.0 percent, and MDP concentration was adjusted between 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, and 40 % in conjunction with the soil. The findings indicated that MDP at 30 % and RH at 1.0 percent significantly improved the compression characteristics of the masonry blocks.

Occupational risk assessment and selected morbidities among cement brick unit workers in a rural area of Bangalore District, India

Introduction: The labor-intensive nature of cement brick manufacturing, its unorganized nature and internal migration, expose the employees to several occupational health hazards. The objective of the study was to assess the occupational risks in cement brick unit settings and to estimate the prevalence of respiratory and musculoskeletal morbidities among the cement brick unit workers in a rural area of Bangalore urban district.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among cement brick unit workers over two months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to capture sociodemographic details. Multiple observations on the field and the World Health Organization semi-quantitative risk assessment matrix were used to obtain risk scores of the occupational hazards. A structured questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and Minispir Portable Spirometer were used to assess the respiratory morbidities and lung functions. Musculoskeletal morbidities were assessed using the Modified Nordic questionnaire. Proportions were used to describe respiratory and musculoskeletal morbidities. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and multivariate logistic regressions were done to identify significant variables.
 Results: Among 120 subjects, 110 (91.6%) were men and 85.8% were migrants. Injury due to falls of heavy objects, back injury, respiratory complaints and slips/falls were found to be high-risk health hazards. The prevalence of respiratory morbidity was 21.7% and that of musculoskeletal morbidity was 51.7%. Workers receiving a higher salary (≥ 1500 Indian rupees) had higher odds of having respiratory morbidity.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of respiratory and musculoskeletal morbidities was high. Introduction of mechanical equipment, decreasing work hours, periodic medical examinations and appropriate use of personal protective equipment will help in risk reduction as per this study.

Experimental Determination of Physical Properties of aSun Dried Clay Bricks with Cement and Ashes

The rising cost of cement and the problem of waste disposal with regard to coconut and rice husks lead to research on a clay brick with good physical properties that can replace cement brick and at the same time keep our environment clean. In line with this, bricks were moulded with clay, cement, rice husk ash, and coconut husk ash. The bricks were analyzed to determine their physical properties. In this study, a set of tables for mixing the proportion of raw material in grams with 33.3 cm3 of water, the table involved the addition of a certain additive to clay to improve the physical properties of adobe bricks developed. Five bricks were constructed for seventeen samples that give a total of 85 bricks which were tested in the laboratory for physical properties. The results shows that the bricks constructed with clay mixed with cement and coconut husk ash has the highest compressive strength of 4270.0 x 10-3 Nmm-2 and a modulus of rupture of 1750.0 x 10-2 Nmm2. The bricks constructed with clay, cement and ricehusk ash and bricks of clay mixed with cement and rice husk ash and coconut husk ash both are having the highest water absorption of 1000 cm3. This result indicated that the brick moulded with clay, cement and coconut husk ash is stronger for building thatcan stay for many years without collapsing. Also, it indicated that the bricks moulded with clay, and coconut husk ash were good for the low heat conduction in the houses. And also bricks constructed with clay, cement, rice husk ash and coconut husk ash has low weight and can be used for the construction of lightweight houses.

Mineral Content in Substrate Media, Growth Rate, and Survival Rate of Acropora sp.

Coral reef ecosystems are formed from the composition of coral animals that produce lime (CaCO3). Coral animals are animals that do not have a backbone that are included in the phylum Coelenterata. These animals consist of polyps and a skeleton to produce lime. The choice of coral substrate media helps the coral to settle and affects the growth and survival rate of corals. Corals can attach and grow quickly on a suitable substrate medium. This study aims to determine the substrate media’s material content, coral growth rate, and the survival rate of Acropora sp. transplanted on cement, kanstin faba, and Lapindo brick substrate media. This type of research is experimental. The research design used in this study was a Randomized Complete Block Design. The first group is the difference in substrate media consisting of cement, kanstin faba, and Lapindo brick. The second group is the difference of corals consisting of A. formosa, A. tenuis, and A. millepora. The results showed that the mineral content of the cement substrate media, kanstin faba, and Lapindo brick contained CaO, SiO2, Fe2O3, and Al2O3. The highest coral growth rate was found on cement substrate media at 1.63 cm/month, while the highest growth rate based on coral species was in A. formosa at 1.63 cm/month. Coral survival rate was highest on cement substrate media and A. formosa with a value of 96%.

Effect of Waste Clay Brick Powder on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste

Background: Investigations on the use of waste clay brick powder in concrete have been extensively conducted, but the analysis of waste clay brick powder effects on cement paste is limited. Materials and Methods: This paper discusses the effects of waste clay brick powder on cement paste. Fragmented clay bricks were grounded in the laboratory using a ball mill and incorporated into cementitious mixes as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Workability, consistency, setting time, density and compressive strength properties of paste mixes were investigated to better understand the impact of waste clay brick powder on the cementitious paste. Four cement replacement levels of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% were evaluated in comparison with the control paste. The chemical and mineral compositions were evaluated using X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffractometer, respectively. The morphology of cement and waste clay brick powder was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: The investigation of workability exhibited a reduction of slump attributed to the significant addition of waste clay brick powder into the cementitious mixes, and it was concluded that waste clay brick powder did not significantly influence the density of the mixes. In comparison with the control paste, increased values of consistency and setting time of cement paste containing waste clay brick powder confirmed the information available in the literature. Conclusion: Although waste clay brick powder decreased the compressive strength of cement paste, 5% partial cement replacement with waste clay brick powder was established as an optimum percentage for specimens containing waste clay brick powder following curing periods of 7 and 28 days. Findings of chemical composition, mineral composition and scanning electron microscopy of waste clay brick powder demonstrated that when finely ground, fragmented clay bricks can be used in concrete as a pozzolanic material.

Improving fire resistance and energy performance of fast buildings made of hollow polypropylene blocks

Polypropylene (PP) lightweight blocks have been recently developed for fast, easy and affordable way of residential and administrative building constructions. Although; PP blocks are characterized by many competitive advantages over traditional brick masonry, they lack of fire resistance owing to their low melting temperature. Therefore this study presents a technical cost-effective solution for improving the fire resistance rating (FRR) of the exposed PP walls to meet the requirements of the international building and international fire codes for providing optimal fire protection for occupants. A fire protective cladding system consists mainly of cold-formed steel framing lined with gypsum plasterboards with cavity insulation has been proposed to attain adequate FRR of exposed PP walls. Fire resistance standard test has been conducted on a representative test assembly to evaluate the FRR of the new composite wall. The contribution of the newly developed cladding to the energy consumption performance of a PP building model as compared to the traditional bricks/blocks has been assessed by using DesignBuilder energy simulation software. FRR of an hour (1-h) has been attained based on verifying structural integrity and thermal insulation of the protected PP wall. Up to an hour of fire exposure, the maximum temperature recorded for the unexposed PP wall surface was 69 °C this confirm the enhanced thermal insulation of the composite wall. The utilization of PP blocks in buildings has reduced the annual energy consumption by about 13 and 33.6% as compared to conventional clay and cement bricks respectively. The cladding system has provided additional considerable reduction in the energy consumption rate of PP blocks.

Engineering properties of waste-based alkali activated concrete brick containing low calcium fly ash and rice husk ash: A comparison with traditional Portland cement concrete brick

Alkali activated concrete bricks manufactured from waste materials are an alternative to replace PC as the principal binder in brick manufacture. The current study reports the mechanical and durability properties of blended fly ash and 20% rice husk ash (20RHA) alkali activated bricks and compares with Portland cement (PC) bricks (100PC). The 20RHA brick showed a compressive strength growth rate of 4% between 7 and 28 days as compared to 13.8% for 100PC bricks. Both achieved similar 28 days compressive strength (approximately 17 MPa). High tensile strength was observed in 20RHA this is attributed to the high bond strength at the interface of the 20RHA alkali activated binder and aggregates. In microstructural investigation, 20RHA brick displayed a stronger bond within the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) boundary compared to 100PC bricks at all ages. This makes the fracture plane more prone to pass through the aggregates than through the bond interface. Lower capillary suction near the surface for 20RHA concrete is hypothesized as the reason for the lower initial rate of absorption obtained for 20RHA when compared with 100PC. The addition of RHA makes the bricks more vulnerable to efflorescence when exposed to moisture due to the combined effect of the high porosity, a high Na2O/Al2O3 ratio and greater leaching of sodium ions.

A Review on Rice Straw Management Strategies

Rice straw is one of the organic materials and natural residue of rice crop or paddy material and is the third-largest residue from agriculture after sugarcane bagasse and maize straw. Southeast Asian countries produce approximately 80% of rice production in the world. It leads to a large quantity of rice straw as a by-product every year. Surplus rice straw is a focal issue associated with storage of rice straw, removal of entire straw from the field, and very little time between the cultivation of the crop. Stubble burning is a quick, cheap, and efficient way to prepare the soil bed for wheat, the next crop. Rice straw has both nutrient and calorific values. Straw is the only organic material available in significant quantities to most rice farmers. About 40 percent of the nitrogen (N), 30 to 35 percent of the phosphorus (P), 80 to 85 percent of the potassium (K), and 40 to 50 percent of the sulfur (S) taken up by rice remains in vegetative plant parts at crop maturity. Straw is either removed from the field, burned in situ, piled or spread in the field, or incorporated in the soil. Open burning of the crop residue kills useful microflora of soil, leads to soil degradation, and contributes to harmful greenhouse gases such as SO2, NO2, CH4, N2O, carbon monoxide in the atmosphere including the hydrocarbon and particulate matter. Therefore, rice straw burning is a serious creator of environmental pollution. The study investigated environment-friendly options of rice straw such as bedding material for cattle, mushroom cultivation, nutrition in the soil, power generation, combustion material, pellet making, bio-gas, bio-ethanol, bio-char, acoustic material, 3D objects, cardboard and composite board, packaging materials, production of bio-composite, cement bricks, and handmade paper. The key purpose of this paper is to provide environmentally friendly alternatives to rice straw instead of open field burning.