Abstract
Background: Investigations on the use of waste clay brick powder in concrete have been extensively conducted, but the analysis of waste clay brick powder effects on cement paste is limited. Materials and Methods: This paper discusses the effects of waste clay brick powder on cement paste. Fragmented clay bricks were grounded in the laboratory using a ball mill and incorporated into cementitious mixes as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Workability, consistency, setting time, density and compressive strength properties of paste mixes were investigated to better understand the impact of waste clay brick powder on the cementitious paste. Four cement replacement levels of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% were evaluated in comparison with the control paste. The chemical and mineral compositions were evaluated using X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffractometer, respectively. The morphology of cement and waste clay brick powder was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: The investigation of workability exhibited a reduction of slump attributed to the significant addition of waste clay brick powder into the cementitious mixes, and it was concluded that waste clay brick powder did not significantly influence the density of the mixes. In comparison with the control paste, increased values of consistency and setting time of cement paste containing waste clay brick powder confirmed the information available in the literature. Conclusion: Although waste clay brick powder decreased the compressive strength of cement paste, 5% partial cement replacement with waste clay brick powder was established as an optimum percentage for specimens containing waste clay brick powder following curing periods of 7 and 28 days. Findings of chemical composition, mineral composition and scanning electron microscopy of waste clay brick powder demonstrated that when finely ground, fragmented clay bricks can be used in concrete as a pozzolanic material.
Highlights
It was reported that pozzolanic reaction exhausts Ca(OH)2 to generate secondary Calcium Silicate Hydrates (CSH) gels
The following conclusions are derived from the findings reported in this paper: (a) This research proved that Waste Clay Brick Powder (WCBP) acquired from waste clay bricks can be used as a pozzolan in cement paste
(b) The addition of WCBP reduced the workability of mixtures
Summary
Their research on cement pastes revealed that WCBP considerably enhanced the demand for water for normal consistency, lowered the temperature rise during hydration, prolonged the setting time, and diminished the Ca(OH) content. From their experiments, it was reported that pozzolanic reaction exhausts Ca(OH) to generate secondary Calcium Silicate Hydrates (CSH) gels. This research did not investigate the effect of WCBP on the workability, density and compressive strength of cement paste. Investigations on the use of waste clay brick powder in concrete have been extensively conducted, but the analysis of waste clay brick powder effects on cement paste is limited
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