Cement Bags Research Articles

Acute Irreducible Distal Radioulnar Joint Dislocation

Dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is a rare injury pattern. There is little in the English literature describing this injury and even less to direct treatment. We present the case of a patient with an irreducible dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint and discuss the pathoanatomy and operative treatment. In addition, we describe a novel radiographic and clinical finding of an ulnar impaction fracture, which we equate to the Hill-Sachs lesion noted in the humeral head following dislocation of the shoulder. Our patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication. Aforty-year-old, right-hand dominant man presented to the emergency department immediately following a work-related injury. The patient had pain in the right wrist and lack of forearm rotation. In an attempt to catch a bag of cement that was thrown down from a truck, he struck the dorsum of the right wrist, which was supporting the 50-lb bag, against the right knee. The patient had no medical or surgical history that was relevant to the injury, nor had he sustained any previous injuries to the right forearm, wrist, or hand. On physical examination, the patient was only able to rotate the forearm between 30° and 80° with the right wrist held in a position of supination. There was loss of the dorsal prominence of the ulnar head, which was instead palpable on the volar side. The wrist was moderately swollen, tender to palpation, and painful with attempted pronation. The patient had no elbow or forearm pain. The skin and the neurovascular function, specifically including ulnar nerve function, were intact. Initial radiographs were made. The posteroanterior radiograph demonstrated an overlap of the radius and ulna at the distal radioulnar joint (Fig. 1-A), and a true lateral radiograph demonstrated volar displacement of the ulna with respect to …

Análise cinemática tridimensional do manuseio de carga na construção civil

O presente estudo aborda a simulação da atividade de descarga manual de sacos de cimento (m = 50kg) sob o enfoque biomecânico do movimento com o objetivo de identificar as alturas de descarregamento mais favoráveis para a preservação das estruturas musculoesqueléticas do trabalhador. Foram realizados estudos preliminares com fotos e filmagens da situação real para então efetuar a simulação em laboratório utilizando procedimentos de cinemetria tridimensional. Alguns pontos são discutidos no artigo, como o posicionamento vertical do cotovelo, situações que apresentam maiores valores quanto à aceleração do movimento, inclinação da coluna vertebral e movimentação corporal durante o instante de recebimento das sacas. A análise dos resultados permite concluir que, das diferentes alturas de descarga que foram simuladas, a que se mostrou mais favorável foi a de 1,2 metro a partir do solo, em que a extensão do braço não ultrapassa a linha dos ombros.

Developing Control Measures to Reduce Variation in Weight of Packed Cement Bags

The performance of the packing process at a cement plant was found to be unsatisfactory because of the high variability of the weight of the cement bags, resulting in violation of the specification. Violation of upper specification will lead to loss of profit, whereas bags below lower specification will lead to customer dissatisfaction. This article demonstrates the use of a variety of quality improvement tools to help resolve these issues. The first step in the study was to confirm the extent of nonconformance as perceived by the management. Next, planned data were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques based on a mixed-effect, cross-nested model, to identify the possible sources of variation such as nozzles, shifts, and days of operation. The process capability was then estimated using Clements' method. Finally, the stochastic nature and economic factors (manufacturing cost, selling price, andcost of repacking) of production were taken into account to derive the optimum economic setting of the packing process. Implementations of the findings brought down the percentage off-specification by an amount of 39% along with a considerable reduction in variability. In the long run, this would lead to consistent production of a larger number of cement bags, along with better assurance to the customer. The additional sales value is expected to be about $249,000 annually.

Wet cement remains a poorly recognised cause of full-thickness skin burns

In 1993 we published a paper stating that wet construction cement is a poorly recognised cause of full-thickness burns [Injury 24 (1993) 615]. Ten years since publication we re-evaluated cement burns to ascertain if there had been any changes in awareness and incidence. All cement related burns assessed at this unit were reviewed over a three and a half year period. Postal questionnaires were sent to all those affected. Cement burns accounted for 2.2% of referrals to the Burns Unit during this studied period as compared to 1% during the original study. Fifty-one percent of patients stated they were unaware of the risk of cement burns and took no precautions. Eighty-six percent of the burns involved the lower limb. Fifty-three percent of burns affected professional users. Fifty percent had full-thickness involvement with 21% requiring operation. Eighty-eight percent of patients did not notice any warnings on the cement bag or delivery docket and 95% felt warnings should be larger and more obvious. This study has shown that cement burns may have resulted from shortcomings in the information and warnings provided to customers by cement manufacturers.

Fossils Made to Order, Any Size

To figure out the posture and gait of large dinosaurs, researchers must examine the way their limbs articulate. But that's tough to do when a single meter-long shoulderblade can weigh as much as a bag of cement. Now, thanks to industrial scanning and rapid prototyping, researchers can create replicas that can fit in a briefcase.

Wet cement: a poorly recognized cause of full-thickness skin burns

Cement is a rare cause of full-thickness burms. We have examined the aetiology, frequency and severity of these burns, and assessed public awareness of the potential of cement as a caustic agent. Of patients, 95 per cent were unaware of the potential of cement to cause burms, and none had seen precautionary warnings on cement bags or delivery dockets. Factors important in burn production appear to be alkalinity, duration of contact and the abrasive nature of the cement particles. It is concluded that doctors, especially casualty officers, should know of the potential of progressive full-thickness burns from wet cement. General public awareness should be increased. The cement manufacturers were asked to comment on the content of this paper.

Mechanised rigs take the muscle and mess out of rockbolting

Both resin grouted rock bolts and bulk cement grouted rock bolts can now be inserted using the same rockbolting rig. A combination bolting head which allows the operator to decide on the spot which type of bolt to insert has made this possible. All that is needed is a supply of resin cartridges, bags of ordinary Portland cement, the necessary bolts and to follow the correct procedure for inserting each. Drilling the hole, inserting the resin or cement and fitting the bolt or rebar can be achieved using a fully integrated mechanized rockbolting rig operated by one man from under the safety of the previously secured roof section.

Structural Grouting of Oroville Dam Coreblock

A 290,000 cu yd concrete coreblock, a foundation structure for the impervious core of the 770-ft high Oroville Dame earth-fill embankment, was damaged by excessive deformations induced by embankment loads during construction. Structural cracking, more than 500 ft in length and with width varying from 1/4-in. to 6-in. impaired the hydraulic and structural performance of the coreblock. An exploratory core drilling operation and structural grouting program is described, including mix design and testing, grouting equipment and grouting performance. Over 6,000 bags of cement were injected in various grout mixes in several, continuous grouting operations to fill the cracks. Hydraulic plugging of an impaired drainage gallery was accomplished by intrusion grouting of preplaced gravel. Repairs were successfully carried out by the grouting program, and excellent hydraulic performance of the coreblock has been realized over the 8 yrs since the subsequent completion of embankment construction and reservoir filling. /Author/

ON SEMI-SULFITE PROCESS

This is the report of the researches at the Sakamoto Mill of the Oji Paper Manufacturing Company, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, under the semi-sulfite process of pines, which was suggested by Mr. Harold R. Murdock, G.H.Q.This mill is producing 900, 000 1bs of pulp per month under the above-mentioned process. The test of this process has shown the necessity of making the total acid as high as possible (more than 5.2% of total acid) and of making the combined acid high (more than 1.4% combined acid), as far as this process is concerned.Cooking is to be carried out under low temperature (maximum at 125°C) and high pressure (6 kg/cm and more). For treating of pulp, edge runners and stone refiners are used.The screens are to be of the double system. Better pulp and the worse one are to be separated, and disposed according to the quality of paper. Au ordinary beater was used for the beating of pulp. But this must be tested with much care, for the process of beating influences the quality of paper and the bursting strength ratio. The pitch troubles were eliminated by using infusorial earth at the suggestion of Mr. Harold R. Murdock.The yield of pulp was increased by more than 20%, compared with the normal S.P. The strength of paper was enhanced by 2040%. As to newsprint, S.P. blending has been reduced from 25% to 20%. Wrapping paper which has 100% of semi-sulfite pulp is 70% stronger than usual wrapping paper. It is now under further investigation, in order that it may be more improved and that it may be used for cement bags, instead of kraft paper.

The Development of the Cement Bag Industry in Germany

In Germany, the cement bag industry started about 40-50 years ago. The development of the same industry in the United States gave an impetus to the improvement of German cement bag manufacture. In the beginning, they were made from kraft paper imported from Northern Europe. The improvement of the cement bag industry of Germany owed much to Prof. Hertzberg. A great progress was made in the quality of cement bags when the paper was standardized. Owing to the control of importation and the increased demand of paper. bags, there was a shortage of home-made kraft paper and as a result, sulfite pulp had to be mixed to a great extent, causing deterioration in paper quality. The writer points out many difficulties thus overcomed in Germany and wants to encourage especially those engaged in the manufacture of cement bag paper in Japan.