Performance Of Cellular System Research Articles

Performance Evaluation of Handoff-Based Cellular Traffic Monitoring Systems Using Combined Wireless and Traffic Simulation Platform

Handoff-based cellular probe technologies have been proven to be a cost-effective solution for traffic surveillance due to their low cost, large sample size, and intensive spatial coverage. At the same time, the development of reliable simulation tools that can be used to conduct a feasibility study, performance evaluation, and estimation model testing for cellular probe technologies, especially in the arterial environment, is still limited. In this study, by simulating the real-world signal delaying and wireless signal communication protocols, we establish a simulation platform for evaluating cellular probe system. The simulation platform eliminates unrealistic assumption on static and regular cell boundaries in the existing simulation tools and can provide simulation results similar to field observations. Based on the platform, we compared the performance of cellular probe system under both freeway and arterial environment. We analyzed the impact of traffic conditions, the duration of cellphone calls, and penetration rate on the handoff efficiency, handoff link speed error, and information-disseminating link speed estimation error. In addition, we also provide a detailed evaluation of the accuracy of the intersection delay estimation and the potential error sources and mechanism. The results show that the handoff-based cellular probe technologies attain good performance in traffic monitoring and the proposed simulation platform can reflect the real-world condition on an acceptable level.

Spatial Spectrum and Energy Efficiency of Random Cellular Networks

It is a great challenge to evaluate the network performance of cellular mobile communication systems. In this paper, we propose new spatial spectrum and energy efficiency models for Poisson-Voronoi tessellation (PVT) random cellular networks. To evaluate the user access the network, a Markov chain based wireless channel access model is first proposed for PVT random cellular networks. On that basis, the outage probability and blocking probability of PVT random cellular networks are derived, which can be computed numerically. Furthermore, taking into account the call arrival rate, the path loss exponent and the base station (BS) density in random cellular networks, spatial spectrum and energy efficiency models are proposed and analyzed for PVT random cellular networks. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the network spectrum and energy efficiency in PVT random cellular networks.

Large-Scale Spatial Distribution Identification of Base Stations in Cellular Networks

The performance of cellular system significantly depends on its network topology, while cellular networks are undergoing a heterogeneous evolution. This promising trend introduces the unplanned deployment of smaller base stations (BSs), thus complicating the performance evaluation even further. In this paper, based on large amount of real BS locations data, we present a comprehensive analysis on the spatial modeling of a cellular network structure. Unlike the related works, we divide the BSs into different subsets according to geographical factor (e.g., urban or rural) and functional type (e.g., macrocells or microcells), and perform a detailed spatial analysis to each subset. After discovering the inaccuracy of the Poisson point process in BS locations modeling, we consider the Gibbs point processes as well as Neyman-Scott point processes and compare their performance in the view of a large-scale modeling test, and finally reveal the general clustering nature of BSs deployment. This paper carries out the first large-scale identification regarding available literature, and provides more realistic and general results to contribute to the performance analysis for the forthcoming heterogeneous cellular networks.

Downlink Performance of Cellular Systems With Base Station Sleeping, User Association, and Scheduling

Base station (BS) sleeping has emerged as a viable solution to enhance the overall network energy efficiency by inactivating the underutilized BSs. However, it affects the performance of users in sleeping cells depending on their BS association criteria, their channel conditions towards the active BSs, and scheduling criteria and traffic loads at the active BSs. This paper characterizes the performance of cellular systems with BS sleeping by developing a systematic framework to derive the spectral efficiency and outage probability of downlink transmission to the sleeping cell users taking into account the aforementioned factors. In this context, we develop a user association scheme in which a typical user in a sleeping cell selects a BS with \textbf{M}aximum best-case \textbf{M}ean channel \textbf{A}ccess \textbf{P}robability (MMAP) which is calculated by all active BSs based on their existing traffic loads. We consider both greedy and round-robin schemes at active BSs for scheduling users in a channel. Once the association is performed, the exact access probability for a typical sleeping cell user and the statistics of its received signal and interference powers are derived to evaluate the spectral and energy efficiencies of transmission. For the sleeping cell users, we also consider the conventional \textbf{M}aximum \textbf{R}eceived \textbf{S}ignal \textbf{P}ower (MRSP)-based user association scheme along with greedy and round-robin schemes at the BSs. The impact of cell-zooming is incorporated in the derivations to analyze its feasibility in reducing the coverage holes created by BS sleeping. Numerical results show the trade-offs between spectral efficiency and energy efficiency in various network scenarios. The accuracy of the analysis is verified through Monte-Carlo simulations.

Congestion-Aware Handover in LTE Systems for Load Balancing in Transport Network

Long-Term Evolution employs a hard handover procedure. To reduce the interruption of data flow, downlink data is forwarded from the serving eNodeB (eNB) to the target eNB during handover. In cellular networks, unbalanced loads may lead to congestion in both the radio network and the backhaul network, resulting in bad end-to-end performance as well as causing unfairness among the users sharing the bottleneck link. This work focuses on congestion in the transport network. Handovers toward less loaded cells can help redistribute the load of the bottleneck link; such a mechanism is known as load balancing. The results show that the introduction of such a handover mechanism into the simulation environment positively influences the system performance. This is because terminals spend more time in the cell; hence, a better reception is offered. The utilization of load balancing can be used to further improve the performance of cellular systems that are experiencing congestion on a bottleneck link due to an uneven load.

방향성 전송을 사용하는 셀룰러 이동 통신 시스템을 위한 간섭량 예측 방안 및 시스템 레벨 시뮬레이션을 통한 성능 분석

현재 셀룰러 이동통신 시스템이 직면한 가장 큰 문제인 데이터 트래픽 폭증 수용문제를 효율적으로 해결하기 위한 방안으로써 스몰셀 및 단말간 통신 등 다양한 기술 등이 제안되고 있다. 이러한 데이터 트래픽 폭증 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안중 하나로써 기지국의 전송 파워를 서비스 받는 단말로 집중시키는 방향성 전송이 고려되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 셀룰러 이동통신 시스템에서 방향성 전송을 고려한 시스템 레벨 시뮬레이터를 개발하였고 방향성 전송이 사용될 때의 어려움 중 하나인 간섭 예측을 해결하기 위한 새로운 간섭 예측방안을 제안하였다. 본 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 제안된 적응적 간섭 예측 방안의 성능을 확인하였고 방향성 전송이 셀룰러 이동통신 시스템에서 활용될 때의 성능을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 방향성 전송이 셀룰러 이동통신 시스템의 수율을 130% 이상 향상시킬 수 있음을 보였다. To cope with the explosive growth of traffic which is considered as one of the most biggest threat to current mobile communication systems, various solutions such as small cell and device-to-device communication have been exploited. Directional transmission in which transmission power of base station is focused onto the direction where the mobile station is located, can be used to increase throughput of the system. In this work, we develop a system-level simulator for cellular mobile communication systems using directional transmission and adaptive interference estimation scheme for directional transmission has been proposed. By using the developed simulator, the performance of cellular mobile communication systems with directional transmission is examined. Moreover, it is shown that the overall throughput of cellular system can be improved by utilizing directional transmission.

The Effect of Heterogeneous Traffic Distributions on Load Balancing in Mobile Communications: An Analytical Model

This paper investigates the load balancing problem in an environment of heterogeneous traffic distributions. An analytical model is proposed to determine the effect of heterogeneous traffic distributions on load balancing, in which a generic measure of load balancing level (LBL) that is a function of traffic type coefficient (TYC) and call blocking probability of cells is to analyze the expected level of the load balance. We consider both voice traffic and data traffic to determine which kind of traffic has the greater effect. The performance of cellular systems with sectorization is evaluated; they are normal case (N) of homogeneous distribution and linear case (L) of heterogeneous distribution. The analysis results indicate that the TYC has a significant effect on the accommodation capacity, in which voice calls outperform data calls because the LBL can easily distinguish between normal and linear distributions. Load balancing can be achieved more easily for voice only traffic than for data only traffic. Sectorization is more effective in achieving load balancing in the scenario of the heavier loads than in the lighter loads. The paper results are useful for network planning to optimize the channel allocation for different traffic type’s distribution.

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

A Survey of Reduction the Interference on Cellular Communication System

ABSTRACT 2.Interference reduction is the challenging issue in the field of cellular communication system. Due to limited frequency bandwidth and high cost, we have to reuse same frequency band in the different geographic area resulting the CCI and ACI. In this paper we study two different type of interference. In this Survey we also presented the various interference reduction methods and also discuss the reduction process of Signal to interference ratio. Using these two tools we also evaluate the performance of the Signal to interference ratio. Keywords Interference, CCI, ACI, IRT, ET, S/I ratio . 1. INTRODUCTION Interference is a major limiting factor in the performance of cellular radio System. It [1], [2] limits capacity and increase number of called dropped. As we know that our existing base station in cellular communication system are generally Omni-directional, due to this the Signal power radiated throughout the cell area results in increase of the interference and reduce SNR due to undesired users. Although sector antenna will increase capacity of system by dividing entire cell into sector but have the same problem of interface. Emerging trends of mobile communication and ever growing demand of mobile users with[7] high speed data requirements and migrating towards 4G, Co-Channel interference and multipath in urban/dense urban environment will limit the capacity of the network. In mobile communication there are several sources of interference.viz.an another mobile within the same cell, an under progress call in a neighboring cell, other BS operating in the same frequency band. Interference is more severe in the Urban Areas [4] due to greater RF noise and more number of MS and BS. Interference causes some major problems in mobile communication. As an example of this we can visualize its effect in voice channel and control channel. Interference on Voice Channel causes: -crosstalk -Noise in the background. While Interference on Control Channel causes: -missed calls. -Blocked calls. -Dropped calls. There are two major types of interference 1. Co-channel interference, (CCI) 2. Adjacent channel interference, (ACI

Autonomous Schemes for Inter-cell Interference Coordination in the Downlink of LTE Systems

Inter-cell interference (ICI) is one of the key challenges that limit the performance of Long Term Evolution and Long Term Evolution Advanced cellular systems. One approach to deal with ICI is through interference avoidance. Unlike static avoidance techniques where a-priori frequency planning and/or explicit inter-cell coordination is used, dynamic avoidance techniques rely on adapting its frequency planning and allocation based on the current state of the network. However, this improvement in performance comes with the cost of an increased complexity due to the coordination and alignments needed among the base stations (eNB) to manage and allocate channels among the users. Accordingly, autonomous ICI coordination techniques are receiving much interest among the various interference avoidance techniques. In this paper, we propose an autonomous self-adaptive scheme (SA, for short) for radio resource management and interference coordination. We then extend the proposed scheme to become self-adaptive power-aware (SAPA) in order to optimize and reduce the transmission power of the eNBs. A key feature in the proposed schemes is that all computations are independent of the number of users and cells in the network. This allows the proposed schemes to adapt to networks of any size and with an arbitrary number of users. Extensive simulation confirms that the proposed SA scheme ensures efficient frequency reuse patterns that lead to significant performance improvements in the throughput of the edge users without affecting other users. Moreover, the SAPA scheme achieves significant improvement in the power efficiency, while maintaining the throughput enhancements achieved by the SA scheme for both center and edge users.

Stochastic Geometry Based Dynamic Fractional Frequency Reuse for OFDMA Systems

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) has been acknowledged as an efficient Interference Management (IM) technique, which offers significant capacity enhancement and improves cell edge coverage with low complexity of implementation. The performance of cellular system greatly depends on the spatial configuration of base stations (BSs). In literature, FFR has been analyzed mostly with cellular networks described by Hexagon Grid Model (HGM). HGM is neither tractable nor scalable to the dense deployment of next generation wireless networks. Moreover, the perfect geometry based HGM tends to overestimate the system's performance and not able to reflect the reality. In this paper, we use the stochastic geometry approach; FFR is analyzed with cellular network modeled by homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP). PPP model provides complete randomness in terms of BS deployment, which captures the real network scenario. A dynamic FFR scheme is proposed in this article, which take into account the randomness of the cell coverage area described by Voronoi tessellation. It is shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional fixed frequency allocation schemes in terms of capacity and capacity density.

Comparative Analysis of Feeding Techniques for Micro strip Patch Antenna and Smart Antenna Applications in Mobile Communication

This paper describes two folds. First it describes comparative analysis of different feeding techniques for microstrip patch antenna wireless applications. Where it covers two broad categories of feeding approach - contracting (coaxial and microstrip feeds) and non-contracting (aperture coupling and proximity coupling feeds). Today as smart antenna has emerged as an auspicious technique to improve the performance of cellular mobile system. In second section authors propose a MIMO structure ,consist of multiple antenna elements and its application in mobile communication with the key characteristics features, benefits, drawbacks, types of smart antennas and their working mechanism..

Developing a logical model for cellular manufacturing systems by theory of constraints thinking process approach

Performance of cellular manufacturing systems has been rigorously investigated during the last two decades. Many of these studies are quantitative and involve precise modelling. The purpose of this paper is to determine critical factors in cellular manufacturing system (CMS) and to identify relationships between different factors of CMS via systematic approach of the theory of constraint thinking process. For this purpose, potential undesirable effects and critical factors of CMS have been identified through a brainstorming session with experts. Then, factors are analysed using thinking process by examining casual relationships, and some strategies have been suggested based on the critical factors. Findings show that knowledge of managers, management information system, performance evaluation, market demands, work-in-process inventory, number of cells, assigning of workers to cells, and identification of part families are recognised as the critical factors in strategic decision making. The proposed factors and the relationships have been validated by 68 experts using a binomial test.

Performance Analysis of Full-Duplex Relaying Employing Fiber-Connected Distributed Antennas

Different from the previous studies on distributed-antenna (DA) systems (DASs) that mostly focused on the enhancement of downlink or uplink performance of cellular systems through cooperation of DAs, this paper proposes and investigates the performance of a novel fiber-connected DA relay system (DARS) that employs radio-over-fiber (RoF) techniques to interconnect a DAS to a central processor, which collectively form a relay node. Under the assumption that self-interference can be perfectly canceled in DARS, full-duplex (FD) operation is possible, by which some antennas receive from the source, whereas other antennas simultaneously transmit to the destination. The numbers of transmit and receive antennas can be controlled to achieve a balance between the transmissions of the source-relay (SR) and relay-destination (RD) links. Consequently, higher spectral efficiency can be achieved compared with half-duplex (HD) relaying systems. For Nakagami fading channels with no direct source-destination (SD) link, we show that DARS can obtain the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). Moreover, as the primary purpose of FD relaying is to increase the throughput, we also analyze the throughput performance of DARS. Numerical results show that the FD-DARS with a large number of antennas exhibits a much better throughput performance than HD relaying systems and in regions with high signal-to-noise ratios.

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems

Augmentation Opportunity of Transmission Control Protocol Performance in Wireless Networks and Cellular Systems