Cellophane Membrane Research Articles

Hyphal and mycelial interactions betweenAgaricus bisporus andScytalidium thermophilum on agar media

The interaction betweenAgaricus bisporus andScytalidium thermophilum on agar media was studied by differential interference contrast and phase contrast microscopy.A. bisporus combatively replacesS. thermophilum in culture on agar media. The antagonistic effect ofA. bisporus is transmissible through a cellophane membrane and causes irreversible disintegration ofS. thermophilum protoplasm, resulting in a total loss of viability after prolonged interaction between the two fungi. On compost extract agar, but not on other media, the growth rate ofA. bisporus increased from 2.7 to 5.3 mm·d(-1) following contact withS. thermophilum mycelium.

CAPD Therapy for Patients with End Stage Renal Disease

CAPD is a method of dialysis that uses the patient's own peritoneal membrane. The semipermeable membrane that lines the abdominal organs and cavity selectively allows the passage of waste products, electrolytes, and fluids. Hemodialysis is an extracorporeal process whereby the patient's blood is withdrawn through a percutaneous needle inserted into a blood vessel. In hemodialysis, the operating principle is a cellophane membrane placed between the patient's blood and wash solution.

A Study of the Influence of the Membrane Treatment on Some Parameters Measured in Cellophane Membranes

Article A Study of the Influence of the Membrane Treatment on Some Parameters Measured in Cellophane Membranes was published on January 1, 1990 in the journal Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (volume 15, issue 1).

口腔細菌叢の解糖作用を促進する唾液物質の分離

The supernatant of human whole saliva separated by centrifugation contains low-molecular weight, thermostable, water-soluble and ninhydrin positive substances, which promote glycolysis of the salivary sediment and pure culture ofStr. mutans6715, Str. faecalisATCC 9790 andLact. caseiATCC 4646. These substances are reported by some investigators to be peptides or amino acids. We fractionated these substances by ion exchange chromatography, which is widely used for fractionation of peptides, using pyridine-acetic acid buffer, and examined their glycolytic-enhancing activity. Whole saliva was centrifuged at 26, 000×g for 20min. and separated into supernatant and sediment. The supernatant was dialyzed against distilled water through a cellophane membrane, and the dialysate was gel filtrated through a Sephadex G-25 column eluted with 0.2M acetic acid solution (pH 2.7). The ninhydrin positive fraction was chromatographed on the ion exchange resin Dowex 50W and eluted at the incremental pyridine concentration gradient of 0.2M pyridine-acetic acid (pH 3.1), 2M pyridineacetic acid (pH 5.0) and 4M pyridine-acetic acid (pH 5.6). Peptides and amino acids were assayed in the elute by the ninhydrin method after alkaline hydrolysis. A total of 15 fractions were obtained by Dowex 50W ion exchange chromatography. Glycolytic-enhancing activity was observed in fractions eluted at pH 3-4, which contained L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, L-serine and L-proline. These individual amino acids did not promote glycolysis.

Cellophane Membranes: Effect of their Treatment on the Permeability of Salts and the Membrane Potential

Cellophane Membranes: Effect of their Treatment on the Permeability of Salts and the Membrane Potential

Determination of Some Characteristic Parameters of Treated Cellophane Membranes

Abstract Membrane potential, water permeation, and electrical resistance of a cellophane membrane treated with NaOH and HC1 solutions have been measured. Some membrane properties, such as permselectivity, hydraulic permeability, and fixed charge concentration in the membrane, were calculated. Variation of hydraulic permeability and the concentration of fixed charge in the membrane with temperature have been also studied. In order to determine the influence of treatment, membrane potentials were measured for a untreated and three differently treated cellophane membranes. A comparation of the fixed charge concentration and permselectivity for treated and untreated membranes was also made. Variation of perm selectivity with concentration was obtained.

IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO STUDIES ON OPHTHALMIC PREPARATIONS OF XYLOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

A number of both hydrophilic and lipophilic surface active agents was employed for preparing simple o/w and multiple w/o/w emulsion systems. The dynamic dialyses 06 xylocaine HCl from its aqueous, micellar solutions and o/w as well as w/o/w emulsion system were studied. The transfer of xylocaine HCl across standard cellophane membrane was fund to follow the diffusion system were controlled mechanism. The data revealed that, the nature of surfactant and emulsion type had a significant role in diffusion of the drug molecules. Generally, the release pattern of the drug from micellar solution or emulsion systems was less than that of the control. In a blind-controlled clinical study, four coded w/o/w and two coded o/w emulsions of 2.5% xylocaine HCl were compared with an aqueous solution of the drug at the same concentration. The longest mean of surface anaesthetic duration, 9,8, minutes was attained with w/o/w emulsion formed of span 60 as a lipophilic emulsifier and Myrj 52 as a hydrophilic one. The clinical application of emulsion formulations in human eyes was found to prolong the mean anaesthetic duration, decrease the eye irritation and improve the performance of the needed clinical manoeuvres.

Pervaporation of methanol-ethylene glycol with cellophane membranes: performance of conditioned membranes

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPervaporation of methanol-ethylene glycol with cellophane membranes: performance of conditioned membranesIndrani Ghosh, Shyamal K. Sanyal, and Ram N. MukherjeaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 6, 757–763Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00090a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (699 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Hyphal and Mycelial Responses Associated with Genetic Exchange Within and Between Species of the Basidiomycete Genus Stereum

Living hyphae of Stereum hirstutum behavaved similarly prior to fusion on a cellophane membrane whether they were genetically the same or different. Fusions were generally initiated within 5-10 h of mycelial interdigitation. A period (10-35 min) of interfacial expansion usually preceded opening of the fusion pore, but in certain combinations involving an Australian homokaryon, MP16-15, refractile sheaths developed around hyphal penetration pegs. Between somatically incompatible heterokaryons, the cytoplasm in fusion compartments and some adjacent compartments progressively lysed and was replaced by refractile globules and wall deposits. Self fusions other than clamp connections results little or unidirectional nuclear movement via the fusion pore followed by cycles of nuclear aggregation, division and septation. This sequence also followed fusion between mating-compatible pairs and ‘bow-tie’-forming pairs of sibling homokaryons for 2-3 h and 18-28 h respectively. before the onset of central or eccentric septal erosion and nuclear migration Following magration, numerous intercalary septa were formed and there was no repair of eroded septa. An extended non-septate phase occurred within the Australian homokaryon, MP 16-15, in which rapid (10 μm s-1), pulsed, unidirectional, longrange protoplasmic streaming occurred. Certain combinations of homokaryons of different taxonomic species of Stereum, or of different breeding strategy or geographical origin, gave rise to unilaterally extensive degenerative reactions in plate culture accompanied by production of free crystals of (+)-torreyol. Sequential septal nuclear migration and protoplasmic lysis were all observed in the partner which become degenerate. Constitutive septal erosion, nuclear migration and intercalary septal synthess were observed in sectors of appressed mycelium in certain homokaryons after long-term.

Separation of ethanol-water mixtures by vapor permeation through cellophane membrane.

Vapor permeation (VaP) using cellophane membrane was compared with pervaporation (PV) for ethanol-water mixtures under isothermal conditions (Mode I). The selectivity of VaP was higher than that of PV through whole feed composition, while the permeation rate of VaP was lower than that of PV. It was observed that the membrane in PV was more swollen than in VaP. In the case (Mode II) which feed vapor was superheated in VaP under keeping downstream pressure constant, the selectivity increased remarkably and the permeation rate decreased. In another case (Mode III) which downstream temperature near the membrane was dropped and the temperature gradient was generated through the membrane in VaP, the permeation rate increased and the selectivity decreased. The influence of temperature to the permeation rate could be expressed by the Arrhenius' correlation only for Mode I. With regard to the influence of downstream pressure, the selectivity of Mode II showed only a slight decrease with downstream pressure, not so much decrease as the usual condition (Mode I).

Preparation of the infection court by Erysiphe graminis: I. Contact-Mediated changes in morphology of the conidium surface

Changes in surface morphology of Erysiphe graminis conidia after contact with the barley leaf or a cellophane membrane are described. The surface of the unstimulated conidium is covered with a reticulate network interspersed with spinelike wall protrusions. Within 10 minutes of contact with the leaf or cellophane membrane, the conidium releases a film that covers the reticulate network. By 30 minutes after contact the film is thickened and prominent globose bodies are present on the conidium surface. Components of the film appear to be deposited onto the contact surface and flow outward from the conidium. Concurrent with deposition of the material onto the leaf surface is a loss of surface integrity as evidenced by the absence of surface wax crystals. The process is completed within 30 to 60 minutes and occurs in advance of the germination of the conidium.

Pervaporation of methanol-ethylene glycol with cellophane membrane: some mechanistic aspects

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPervaporation of methanol-ethylene glycol with cellophane membrane: some mechanistic aspectsIndrani Ghosh, Shyamal K. Sanyal, and Ram N. MukherjeaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 10, 1895–1900Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00082a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (615 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Differential thermo-osmotic permeability in water–cellophane systems

The thermo-osmosis of pure water through two different cellophane membranes at temperatures ranging between 33 and 47 °C has been studied. Two types of experiments have been carried out: one to determine the dependence of the phenomena on stirring rate, with the average temperature and the temperature difference between the two bulk phases being kept constant while varying the stirring rate; the other varying the temperature difference between the two bulk phases, with the temperature of the cold bulk phase being kept as close to a fixed value as possible and employing a constant stirring rate. In all experiments the thermo-osmotic flow was from the hot to the cold side, and thermo-osmotic permeability was found to decrease with the mean temperature. The experimental values of the global thermo-osmotic permeability were corrected by taking into account the temperature polarization, and from these corrected values the differential thermo-osmotic permeabilities were calculated for the two membranes employed. The relationship between the differential thermo-osmotic permeability and the temperature was found to be different for the two membranes, being linear for the 600P membrane and quadratic for the 500P membrane. However, within the range of temperatures used in the present study, in each case, the differential thermo-osmotic permeability decreased with temperature. For comparison, the differential thermo-osmotic permeabilities of two analogous membranes mentioned in the literature were calculated, and their behaviour was shown to be very similar to those of the membranes used in the present study within the same temperature range.

Simultaneous Action of Hydrostatic and Osmotic Pressure Gradients on Cellophane Membranes

Simultaneous Action of Hydrostatic and Osmotic Pressure Gradients on Cellophane Membranes

Iontophoretically Induced Transdermal Delivery of Salbutamol

AbstractPassive and iontophoretically assisted transport of salbutamol from a hydrogel matrix has been studied in vitro across a model membrane and in vivo and in vitro across human stratum corneum.in vitro experiments were conducted in specially designed glass diffusion cells and initial experiments using cellophane membranes showed that the passive release of salbutamol from the hydrogel across the membrane was matrix-controlled and that this transport could be significantly enhanced by the application of an iontophoretic current Passive diffusion of salbutamol from a gel matrix containing the sulphate through stratum corneum membranes, was found to be negligible over a 24 hour period, but significant transport could be induced using current densities in the range 0.04-0.4mA cm-2. The quantity of drug transported increased linearly with time, and was proportional to the current density used.Preliminary in vivo trials in two subjects showed significant electrically assisted systemic delivery of the drug ...

Method for estimation of chitin content of mycelium of ectomycorrhizal fungi grown on solid substrates

Laccaria laccata and Suillus bovinus were grown on cellophane membranes on Petri dishes of thick half-strength modified Melin-Norkrans' agar for up to 70 d. Mycelium was then removed from the outer, middle or inner areas of the colonies and analysed for chitin. The technique avoided problems associated with liquid culture and provided mycelium free from agar which facilitated estimations of conversion factors (chitin content per unit dry weight (d.w.)) on different age ranges of mycelium. Evidence of the potential of such a membrane based growth system, for providing conversion factors, for use in estimating the chitin content of ectomycorrhizal species and other fungi when grown on solid substrates, is provided.

Studies on protoplast formation and regeneration ofGanoderma lucidum

To obtain a new strain ofGanoderma lucidum by protoplast fusion technique, its protoplast formation and regeneration were studied. Several factors affecting the protoplast formation and regeneration were investigated to find their optimum conditions. The mycelium was grown for four days on the cellophane membrane placed onG. lucidum complete medium (GCM). When various commercial lytic enzymes were examined for protoplast isolation, the combination of Novozym 234 and β-glucuronidase was found to be effective. An osmotic stabilizer, 0.6 M sucrose in 20 mM phosphate buffer pH 5.8, gave the highest yield of protoplasts. Three-hour incubation in shaking incubator was most suitable for releasing protoplasts. To increase the protoplast yield, pretreatment with 2-mercaptoethanol was carried out. The regeneration frequency in GCM containing 0.6 M MgSO4·7H2O was shown to be 0.66%.

Colony growth ofStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2) under conditions of continuous nutrient supply

Colony growth of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was studied on a cellophane membrane beneath which was passed a continuous supply of liquid medium. Colony development and differentiation occurred normally but hyphal extension rates and colony radial growth rates were reduced and branch formation was increased in comparison with colonies grown on the same medium solidified with agar. These changes are thought to result from continuous removal of staling compounds which would otherwise suppress branching at the colony margin. Glucose concentrations in the range of 0–1 g · l−1 had little effect on radial growth and branching except at a concentration of 1 g glucose · l−1, at which branching at the colony margin was suppressed. This concentration of glucose did not permit continued growth on solid medium.

Iontophoretic Transport of Model Compounds from a Gel Matrix Across a Cellophane Membrane

AbstractDrug release rates from hydrogels through cellophane membranes were determined using custom-built diffusion cells which were modified to allow the application of current across the membranes. In the absence of a current the results obtained using different concentrations of drug and of the gel indicate the release to be matrix-controlled with a linear relationship between the quantities of drug released and the square root of release time. When a range of direct currents was applied enhanced transport was observed and as the current was increased the release curves became linear with time. The rate of release was also found to increase linearly with the current strength. These results show that an electrical current may be used to increase the rate of drug transport and to alter its release profile under conditions when the unassisted release is matrix rather than membrane controlled.

Enhancement of the myotic response of rabbits with pilocarpine-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles

In vivo studies of pilocarpine loaded to polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles were carried out with albino rabbits. A prolonged pilocarpine-induced myosis was achieved with pilocarpine-nanoparticle adsorbates compared to a commercial pilocarpine solution. With nanoparticles containing incorporated drug no significant prolongation of the myotic effect was observed. A two-chamber diffusion cell with a cellophane membrane was found to be unsuitable for in vitro release studies.