Stem Cell Walls Research Articles

Dynamics of biomass partitioning, stem gene expression, cell wall biosynthesis, and sucrose accumulation during development of Sorghum bicolor

Biomass accumulated preferentially in leaves of the sweet sorghum Della until floral initiation, then stems until anthesis, followed by panicles until grain maturity, and apical tillers. Sorghum stem RNA-seq transcriptome profiles and composition data were collected for approximately 100days of development beginning at floral initiation. The analysis identified >200 differentially expressed genes involved in stem growth, cell wall biology, and sucrose accumulation. Genes encoding expansins and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases were differentially expressed in growing stem internodes. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of cellulose, lignin, and glucuronoarabinoxylan were expressed at elevated levels in stems until approximately 7days before anthesis and then down-regulated. CESA genes involved in primary and secondary cell wall synthesis showed different temporal patterns of expression. Following floral initiation, the level of sucrose and other non-structural carbohydrates increased to approximately 50% of the stem's dry weight. Stem sucrose accumulation was inversely correlated with >100-fold down-regulation of SbVIN1, a gene encoding a vacuolar invertase. Accumulation of stem sucrose was also correlated with cessation of leaf and stem growth at anthesis, decreased expression of genes involved in stem cell wall synthesis, and approximately 10-fold lower expression of SbSUS4, a gene encoding sucrose synthase that generates UDP-glucose from sucrose for cell wall biosynthesis. Genes for mixed linkage glucan synthesis (CSLF) and turnover were expressed at high levels in stems throughout development. Overall, the stem transcription profile resource and the genes and regulatory dynamics identified in this study will be useful for engineering sorghum stem composition for improved conversion to biofuels and bio-products.

Cell Wall Composition and Biomass Recalcitrance Differences Within a Genotypically Diverse Set of Brachypodium distachyon Inbred Lines.

Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) has emerged as a useful model system for studying traits unique to graminaceous species including bioenergy crop grasses owing to its amenability to laboratory experimentation and the availability of extensive genetic and germplasm resources. Considerable natural variation has been uncovered for a variety of traits including flowering time, vernalization responsiveness, and above-ground growth characteristics. However, cell wall composition differences remain underexplored. Therefore, we assessed cell wall-related traits relevant to biomass conversion to biofuels in seven Brachypodium inbred lines that were chosen based on their high level of genotypic diversity as well as available genome sequences and recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. Senesced stems plus leaf sheaths from these lines exhibited significant differences in acetyl bromide soluble lignin (ABSL), cell wall polysaccharide-derived sugars, hydroxycinnamates content, and syringyl:guaiacyl:p-hydroxyphenyl (S:G:H) lignin ratios. Free glucose, sucrose, and starch content also differed significantly in senesced stems, as did the amounts of sugars released from cell wall polysaccharides (digestibility) upon exposure to a panel of thermochemical pretreatments followed by hydrolytic enzymatic digestion. Correlations were identified between inbred line lignin compositions and plant growth characteristics such as biomass accumulation and heading date (HD), and between amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and biomass digestibility. Finally, stem cell wall p-coumarate and ferulate contents and free-sugars content changed significantly with increased duration of vernalization for some inbred lines. Taken together, these results show that Brachypodium displays substantial phenotypic variation with respect to cell wall composition and biomass digestibility, with some compositional differences correlating with growth characteristics. Moreover, besides influencing HD and biomass accumulation, vernalization was found to affect cell wall composition and free sugars accumulation in some Brachypodium inbred lines, suggesting genetic differences in how vernalization affects carbon flux to polysaccharides. The availability of related RIL populations will allow for the genetic and molecular dissection of this natural variation, the knowledge of which may inform ways to genetically improve bioenergy crop grasses.

Contents of Cations and Anions and Characterization of Stem Cell Wall Structures on Stem of Red Pepper Plants Infected by Phytophthora capsici

Contents of Cations and Anions and Characterization of Stem Cell Wall Structures on Stem of Red Pepper Plants Infected by Phytophthora capsici

Impact of Expressing <i>p</i>-Coumaryl Transferase in <i>Medicago sativa</i> L. on Cell Wall Chemistry and Digestibility

The addition of p-coumaric acid (pCA) to lignin molecules is frequently found in members of the grass family. The role of this addition is not clearly understood, but is thought to potentially aid in the formation of syringyl-type lignin. This is because the incorporation is as a conjugate of pCA ester linked to sinapyl alcohol, a major component of lignin. The forage legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) does not contain appreciable levels of pCA in its more heavily lignified stem tissues. The maize p-coumaryltransferase (pCAT) gene was used to transform alfalfa to determine its impact upon lignin composition and its potential to alter cell wall digestibility. A constitutive expression vector using the cassava vein mosaic virus (CsVMV) promoter was used to drive expression of maize pCAT in alfalfa. Expression of the pCAT transgene was detected in both leaves and stems. Though there was a range of pCAconcentration in transformed alfalfa stems (0.2 - 1.79 micrograms (μg)), this was a clear increase over bound pCA in control stems (0.15 - 0.2 mean = 0.17 micrograms (μg)). This did not lead to consistent responses concerning total lignin in the stem tissues. Leaf tissue, on the other hand, already has a relatively high level of pCA (0.85 - 1.2, mean = 0.99 micrograms (μg)) and those expressing pCAT gene showed on average a small increase, but there is a wide range of values among the transformants (0.38 - 1.55, mean = 1.06 micrograms (μg)). Lignin in leaves did not appear to be significantly impacted. However, incorporation of pCA into the wall appears to cause a shift in lignin composition. Testing the pCAT expressing stem cell walls for digestibility using a rumen in vitro system showed there was no change in the digestibility of the stem compared to empty vectors and control alfalfa stems. Although expression of pCAT gene in alfalfa changes the amount of wall bound pCA, it does not appear to change lignin levels or impact digestibility.

Cell wall modifications triggered by the down-regulation of Coumarate 3-hydroxylase-1 in maize

Coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) catalyzes a key step of the synthesis of the two main lignin subunits, guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) in dicotyledonous species. As no functional data are available in regards to this enzyme in monocotyledonous species, we generated C3H1 knock-down maize plants. The results obtained indicate that C3H1 participates in lignin biosynthesis as its down-regulation redirects the phenylpropanoid flux: as a result, increased amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units, lignin-associated ferulates and the flavone tricin were detected in transgenic stems cell walls. Altogether, these changes make stem cell walls more degradable in the most C3H1-repressed plants, despite their unaltered polysaccharide content. The increase in H monomers is moderate compared to C3H deficient Arabidopsis and alfalfa plants. This could be due to the existence of a second maize C3H protein (C3H2) that can compensate the reduced levels of C3H1 in these C3H1-RNAi maize plants. The reduced expression of C3H1 alters the macroscopic phenotype of the plants, whose growth is inhibited proportionally to the extent of C3H1 repression. Finally, the down-regulation of C3H1 also increases the synthesis of flavonoids, leading to the accumulation of anthocyanins in transgenic leaves.

An improved protocol to study the plant cell wall proteome.

Cell wall proteins were extracted from alfalfa stems according to a three-steps extraction procedure using sequentially CaCl2, EGTA, and LiCl-complemented buffers. The efficiency of this protocol for extracting cell wall proteins was compared with the two previously published methods optimized for alfalfa stem cell wall protein analysis. Following LC-MS/MS analysis the three-steps extraction procedure resulted in the identification of the highest number of cell wall proteins (242 NCBInr identifiers) and gave the lowest percentage of non-cell wall proteins (about 30%). However, the three protocols are rather complementary than substitutive since 43% of the identified proteins were specific to one protocol. This three-step protocol was therefore selected for a more detailed proteomic characterization using 2D-gel electrophoresis. With this technique, 75% of the identified proteins were shown to be fraction-specific and 72.7% were predicted as belonging to the cell wall compartment. Although, being less sensitive than LC-MS/MS approaches in detecting and identifying low-abundant proteins, gel-based approaches are valuable tools for the differentiation and relative quantification of protein isoforms and/or modified proteins. In particular isoforms, having variations in their amino-acid sequence and/or carrying different N-linked glycan chains were detected and characterized. This study highlights how the extracting protocols as well as the analytical techniques devoted to the study of the plant cell wall proteome are complementary and how they may be combined to elucidate the dynamism of the plant cell wall proteome in biological studies. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001927.

Identification and Characterization of a Golgi-Localized UDP-Xylose Transporter Family from Arabidopsis.

Most glycosylation reactions require activated glycosyl donors in the form of nucleotide sugars to drive processes such as posttranslational modifications and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Most plant cell wall polysaccharides are biosynthesized in the Golgi apparatus from cytosolic-derived nucleotide sugars, which are actively transferred into the Golgi lumen by nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs). An exception is UDP-xylose, which is biosynthesized in both the cytosol and the Golgi lumen by a family of UDP-xylose synthases. The NST-based transport of UDP-xylose into the Golgi lumen would appear to be redundant. However, employing a recently developed approach, we identified three UDP-xylose transporters in the Arabidopsis thaliana NST family and designated them UDP-XYLOSE TRANSPORTER1 (UXT1) to UXT3. All three transporters localize to the Golgi apparatus, and UXT1 also localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutants in UXT1 exhibit ∼30% reduction in xylose in stem cell walls. These findings support the importance of the cytosolic UDP-xylose pool and UDP-xylose transporters in cell wall biosynthesis.

Polyamines in morphogenesis and development: a promising research area in seaweeds.

Polyamines in morphogenesis and development: a promising research area in seaweeds.

Introduction of chemically labile substructures into Arabidopsis lignin through the use of LigD, the Cα-dehydrogenase from Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6.

Bacteria-derived enzymes that can modify specific lignin substructures are potential targets to engineer plants for better biomass processability. The Gram-negative bacterium Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 possesses a Cα-dehydrogenase (LigD) enzyme that has been shown to oxidize the α-hydroxy functionalities in β-O-4-linked dimers into α-keto analogues that are more chemically labile. Here, we show that recombinant LigD can oxidize an even wider range of β-O-4-linked dimers and oligomers, including the genuine dilignols, guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether and syringylglycerol-β-sinapyl alcohol ether. We explored the possibility of using LigD for biosynthetically engineering lignin by expressing the codon-optimized ligD gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ligD cDNA, with or without a signal peptide for apoplast targeting, has been successfully expressed, and LigD activity could be detected in the extracts of the transgenic plants. UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolite profiling indicated that levels of oxidized guaiacyl (G) β-O-4-coupled dilignols and analogues were significantly elevated in the LigD transgenic plants regardless of the signal peptide attachment to LigD. In parallel, 2D NMR analysis revealed a 2.1-to 2.8-fold increased level of G-type α-keto-β-O-4 linkages in cellulolytic enzyme lignins isolated from the stem cell walls of the LigD transgenic plants, indicating that the transformation was capable of altering lignin structure in the desired manner.

Antisense expression of the fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein FLA6 gene in Populus inhibits expression of its homologous genes and alters stem biomechanics and cell wall composition in transgenic trees.

Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) play important roles in the growth and development of roots, stems, and seeds in Arabidopsis. However, their biological functions in woody plants are largely unknown. In this work, we investigated the possible function of PtFLA6 in poplar. Quantitative real-time PCR, PtFLA6-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion protein subcellular localization, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the PtFLA6 gene was expressed specifically in the xylem of mature stem, and PtFLA6 protein was distributed ubiquitous in plant cells and accumulated predominantly in stem xylem fibres. Antisense expression of PtFLA6 in the aspen hybrid clone Poplar davidiana×Poplar bolleana reduced the transcripts of PtFLA6 and its homologous genes. Transgenic plants that showed a significant reduction in the transcripts of PtFLAs accumulated fewer PtFLA6 and arabinogalactan proteins than did the non-transgenic plants, leading to reduced stem flexural strength and stiffness. Further studies revealed that the altered stem biomechanics of transgenic plants could be attributed to the decreased cellulose and lignin composition in the xylem. In addition expression of some xylem-specific genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis was downregulated in these transgenic plants. All these results suggest that engineering the expression of PtFLA6 and its homologues could modulate stem mechanical properties by affecting cell wall composition in trees.

Comparison of microbial communities and histological changes in Phase I rice straw-based Agaricus bisporus compost prepared using two composting methods

Rice straw is an important raw material for preparing Agaricus bisporus compost in China, and the size mushroom yield is largely determined by the quality of compost, which in turn is dependent on the microbial processes occurring during composting and the microbial populations inhabiting the mature compost. In this study, we compared the traditional composting method used in China with an aerated tunnel-based composting system through Phase I of the process. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, used to monitor changes in the respective microbial populations, demonstrated a significant difference in the structure of the microbial communities and bacterial biomass associated with the two compost types. Chemical analysis of the degraded rice straw (RS) revealed that hemicellulose and silicate levels decreased more strongly in the aerated compared than in traditional non-aerated compost. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), used to assess histological changes occurring in the stem tissue and cell walls of RS subjected to the two composting methods, showed that the aeration treatment resulted in more pronounced effects on stem structure. Composting using the aerated method also facilitated faster mycelial growth rates and higher yields of mushroom fruit bodies. Our data indicated that aeration-assisted composting of RS leads to improved degradation and assimilation of breakdown products by A. bisporus, and suggest that introduction of the process on a commercial scale in China has huge potential.

Cell wall polysaccharide distribution in Miscanthus lutarioriparius stem using immuno-detection

Cell wall polysaccharides' occurrences in two internodes of different development stages in M. lutarioriparius stem were analyzed and three major differences between them were identified by cell wall polysaccharide probes. Deposition and modification of cell wall polysaccharides during stem development affect biomass yield of the Miscanthus energy crop. The distribution patterns of cell wall polysaccharides in the 2nd and the 11th internodes of M. lutarioriparius stem were studied using in situ immunofluorescence assay. Crystalline cellulose and xylan were present in most of the stem tissues except phloem, where xyloglucan was the major composition of hemicellulose. The distribution of pectin polysaccharides varied in stem tissues, particularly in vascular bundle elements. Xylogalacturonan, feruloylated-1,4-β-D-galactan and (1,3)(1,4)-β-glucans, however, were insufficient for antibodies binding in both internodes. Furthermore, the distribution of cell wall polysaccharides was differentiated in the two internodes of M. lutarioriparius. The significant differences in the pattern of occurrence of long 1,5-α-L-arabinan chain, homogalacturonan and fucosylated xyloglucans epitope were detected between the two internodes. In addition, the relationships between probable functions of polysaccharides and their distribution patterns in M. lutarioriparius stem cell wall were discussed, which would be helpful to understand the growth characteristics of Miscanthus and identify potential targets for either modification or degradation.

Heterogeneity and Glycan Masking of Cell Wall Microstructures in the Stems of Miscanthus x giganteus, and Its Parents M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus

Plant cell walls, being repositories of fixed carbon, are important sources of biomass and renewable energy. Miscanthus species are fast growing grasses with a high biomass yield and they have been identified as potential bioenergy crops. Miscanthus x giganteus is the sterile hybrid between M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, with a faster and taller growth than its parents. In this study, the occurrence of cell wall polysaccharides in stems of Miscanthus species has been determined using fluorescence imaging with sets of cell wall directed monoclonal antibodies. Heteroxylan and mixed linkage-glucan (MLG) epitopes are abundant in stem cell walls of Miscanthus species, but their distributions are different in relation to the interfascicular parenchyma and these epitopes also display different developmental dynamics. Detection of pectic homogalacturonan (HG) epitopes was often restricted to intercellular spaces of parenchyma regions and, notably, the high methyl ester LM20 HG epitope was specifically abundant in the pith parenchyma cell walls of M. x giganteus. Some cell wall probes cannot access their target glycan epitopes because of masking by other polysaccharides. In the case of Miscanthus stems, masking of xyloglucan by heteroxylan and masking of pectic galactan by heteroxylan and MLG was detected in certain cell wall regions. Knowledge of tissue level heterogeneity of polysaccharide distributions and molecular architectures in Miscanthus cell wall structures will be important for both understanding growth mechanisms and also for the development of potential strategies for the efficient deconstruction of Miscanthus biomass.

Identification of cell wall proteins in the flax (Linum usitatissimum ) stem

Sequential salt (CaCl2 , LiCl) extractions were used to obtain fractions enriched in cell wall proteins (CWPs) from the stem of 60-day-old flax (Linum usitatissimum) plants. High-resolution FT-ICR MS analysis and the use of recently published genomic data allowed the identification of 11912 peptides corresponding to a total of 1418 different proteins. Subcellular localization using TargetP, Predotar, and WoLF PSORT led to the identification of 152 putative flax CWPs that were classified into nine different functional classes previously established for Arabidopsis thaliana. Examination of different functional classes revealed the presence of a number of proteins known to be involved in, or potentially involved in cell-wall metabolism in plants. The flax stem cell wall proteome was also compared with transcriptomic data previously obtained on comparable samples. This study represents a major contribution to the identification of CWPs in flax and will lead to a better understanding of cell wall biology in this species.

Comparison of stem morphology and anatomy of two alfalfa clonal lines exhibiting divergent cell wall composition

In previous research, two alfalfa clonal lines (252 and 1283) were identified that exhibited environmentally stable differences in stem cell walls. Compared with stems of 1283, stems of 252 have a higher cell wall concentration and greater amounts of lignin and cellulose but reduced levels of pectic sugar residues. These results suggest greater deposition of secondary xylem and a reduction in pith in stems of 252 compared with 1283. The stem morphology and anatomy of first-cut and second-cut harvests of field-grown 1283 and 252 were examined. For both harvests, stems of 1283 were thicker and had a higher leaf/stem ratio compared with stems of 252. Stem cross-sections of both genotypes were stained for lignin, and the proportions of stem area that were pith and secondary xylem were measured using ImageJ. Stems of 252 exhibited greater deposition of secondary xylem and a reduction in pith proportion compared with stems of 1283 for the first-cut harvest, but this difference was not statistically significant for the second-cut harvest. The results indicate that the proportions of secondary xylem and pith are not environmentally stable in these two genotypes and hence cannot be the sole basis for the differences in cell wall concentration/composition.

A galacturonic acid-containing xyloglucan is involved in Arabidopsis root hair tip growth.

Root hairs provide a model system to study plant cell growth, yet little is known about the polysaccharide compositions of their walls or the role of these polysaccharides in wall expansion. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana root hair walls contain a previously unidentified xyloglucan that is composed of both neutral and galacturonic acid-containing subunits, the latter containing the β-D-galactosyluronic acid-(1→2)-α-D-xylosyl-(1→ and/or α-L-fucosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactosyluronic acid-(1→2)-α-D-xylosyl-(1→) side chains. Arabidopsis mutants lacking root hairs have no acidic xyloglucan. A loss-of-function mutation in At1g63450, a root hair-specific gene encoding a family GT47 glycosyltransferase, results in the synthesis of xyloglucan that lacks galacturonic acid. The root hairs of this mutant are shorter than those of the wild type. This mutant phenotype and the absence of galacturonic acid in the root xyloglucan are complemented by At1g63450. The leaf and stem cell walls of wild-type Arabidopsis contain no acidic xyloglucan. However, overexpression of At1g63450 led to the synthesis of galacturonic acid-containing xyloglucan in these tissues. We propose that At1g63450 encodes XYLOGLUCAN-SPECIFIC GALACTURONOSYLTRANSFERASE1, which catalyzes the formation of the galactosyluronic acid-(1→2)-α-D-xylopyranosyl linkage and that the acidic xyloglucan is present only in root hair cell walls. The role of the acidic xyloglucan in root hair tip growth is discussed.

Harvest Impacts on Alfalfa Stem Neutral Detergent Fiber Concentration and Digestibility and Cell Wall Concentration and Composition

ABSTRACTAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stem fiber concentration and digestibility, lignin, and polysaccharide composition impact energy availability for livestock and biofuel conversion. We evaluated stem neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration, 16‐ and 96‐h in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), total cell wall (CW) concentration, and proportions of Klason lignin (KL), cellulose (CEL), pectin (PEC), and hemicellulose (HC) in the cell wall for eight germplasms at two plant densities at two locations harvested at early bud (four cuts) and late flower (three cuts) for 2 yr. Growth environment influences at each harvest had the greatest impact on stem quality traits while plant density had no effect. Stem NDF, CW, and CEL were greater at late flower while 16‐ and 96‐h IVNDFD and PEC were greater at early bud. Stem KL and HC were variable but comparable at the two maturity stages. Correlations indicated that as NDF or CW increased, CEL increased, KL remained relatively constant, and 16‐ and 96‐h IVNDFD and PEC decreased. The large variability in response for stem quality traits suggested that to modify stem fiber and cell wall composition, alfalfa will need to be screened over several harvests to identify plants with consistent differences in stem quality.

Investigation of cell wall composition related to stem lodging resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by FTIR spectroscopy

We explored the rapid qualitative analysis of wheat cultivars with good lodging resistances by Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis. FTIR imaging showing that wheat stem cell walls were mainly composed of cellulose, pectin, protein, and lignin. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to eliminate multicollinearity among multiple peak absorptions. PCA revealed the developmental internodes of wheat stems could be distributed from low to high along the load of the second principal component, which was consistent with the corresponding bands of cellulose in the FTIR spectra of the cell walls. Furthermore, four distinct stem populations could also be identified by spectral features related to their corresponding mechanical properties via PCA and cluster analysis. Histochemical staining of four types of wheat stems with various abilities to resist lodging revealed that cellulose contributed more than lignin to the ability to resist lodging. These results strongly suggested that the main cell wall component responsible for these differences was cellulose. Therefore, the combination of multivariate analysis and FTIR could rapidly screen wheat cultivars with good lodging resistance. Furthermore, the application of these methods to a much wider range of cultivars of unknown mechanical properties promises to be of interest.

Effects of Inflorescence Stem Structure and Cell Wall Components on the Mechanical Strength of Inflorescence Stem in Herbaceous Peony

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a traditional famous flower, but its poor inflorescence stem quality seriously constrains the development of the cut flower. Mechanical strength is an important characteristic of stems, which not only affects plant lodging, but also plays an important role in stem bend or break. In this paper, the mechanical strength, morphological indices and microstructure of P. lactiflora development inflorescence stems were measured and observed. The results showed that the mechanical strength of inflorescence stems gradually increased, and that the diameter of inflorescence stem was a direct indicator in estimating mechanical strength. Simultaneously, with the development of inflorescence stem, the number of vascular bundles increased, the vascular bundle was arranged more densely, the sclerenchyma cell wall thickened, and the proportion of vascular bundle and pith also increased. On this basis, cellulose and lignin contents were determined, PlCesA3, PlCesA6 and PlCCoAOMT were isolated and their expression patterns were examined including PlPAL. The results showed that cellulose was not strictly correlated with the mechanical strength of inflorescence stem, and lignin had a significant impact on it. In addition, PlCesA3 and PlCesA6 were not key members in cellulose synthesis of P. lactiflora and their functions were also different, but PlPAL and PlCCoAOMT regulated the lignin synthesis of P. lactiflora. These data indicated that PlPAL and PlCCoAOMT could be applied to improve the mechanical strength of P. lactiflora inflorescence stem in genetic engineering.

Coupling hyperspectral image data having different spatial resolutions using Multiple Co-inertia Analysis

Coupling different techniques in spectroscopy is an efficient approach to characterise complex biological material. This work is carried out to characterise maize stem cell wall composition in the context of biofuel production. In this research, we propose to couple infrared, fluorescence and Raman hyperspectral images.Investigations have been attempted in coupling spectral data by means of multiblock methods. Multiblock techniques have been assumed to be equally applicable and effective in the analysis of biological samples with complex chemical composition and structure. The most commonly used methods are based on sequential approaches. In this article, we propose 1) to condition the data to be analysed towards multiblock analysis in term of pre-processing and organising the blocks from the initial hyperspectral images, 2) to apply Multiple Co-inertia Analysis (MCoA) a symmetrical method providing orthogonal loadings for spectral interpretation and score images for spatial analysis, and 3) to interpret and to analyse in one hand the common structure revealed by the three modalities and in the other hand the independent contribution to explain the variability under each block.